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Elinolot ja elämän laatu

Yksi Eurofoundin vuosien 2021–2024 työohjelman kuudesta keskeisestä toimesta on elinolot ja elämän laatu. Eurofound jatkaa Euroopassa asuvien ihmisten elinolojen parantamiseen liittyvien keskeisten näkökohtien kartoittamista ja analysointia. Tämä koskee myös tietoa siitä, miten he mieltävät elämän laadun ja yhteiskunnan. Koska Covid-19 -pandemia ja siitä johtunut talouskriisi on vaikuttanut syvästi ihmisten elämään, Eurofound selvittää myös kriisin vaikutusta EU:n kansalaisiin elämän eri vaiheissa.

Eurofoundin tutkimus tuottaa vuosina 2021–2024 tärkeää tietoa haasteista ja tulevaisuudennäkymistä elinolojen ja elämän laadun alalla EU:ssa sekä niiden erilaisten aloitteiden merkityksestä, joilla on tarkoitus lieventää eri kansalaisryhmien sosiaalisia vaikeuksia. Erityistä huomiota kiinnitetään seurauksiin iäkkäille ihmisille ja hoivatarpeille, nuorille ja heidän sosiaaliselle osallisuudelleen ja sosiaaliselle liikkuvuudelleen. Lisäksi käsitellään kriisin erilaisia vaikutuksia miehiin ja naisiin .

Julkisilla palveluilla oli koko EU:ssa tärkeä tehtävä ja suuria haasteita covid-19-kriisin hallinnassa. Niitä arvioidaan yksityiskohtaisesti ja siinä keskitytään laadun, pääsyn ja kohtuullisen hinnan kaltaisiin kysymyksiin. Kuten aiemmat tulokset ovat osoittaneet, kriisi on vaikuttanut epäsuhtaisesti tiettyihin ryhmiin iän, hoivavastuiden ja työ- ja yksityiselämän tasapainon osalta. Tätä vaikutusta Eurofound tutkii perusteellisemmin.

Eurofound aikoo yhteistyössä Euroopan tasa-arvoinstituutin (EIGE) kanssa tutkia sukupuolten moniulotteista epätasa-arvoa selvittämällä, miten covid-19-kriisi on vaikuttanut miehiin ja naisiin työhön osallistumisen, olennaisten elinolojen ja hyvinvoinnin osalta. Näin voidaan havaita erot ja arvioida kriisin vaikutusta sukupuolten epätasa-arvoon.

” Julkisten palvelujen laatu on ollut keskeistä siinä, että nyky-Euroopassa luotetaan instituutioihin. Se on myös ratkaisevan tärkeää nykyisistä ja tulevista haasteista selviämisessä. Laadukkaissa palveluissa myös innovoidaan, erityisesti siirtymällä digitaalisiin ja ympäristöystävällisempiin palveluihin ja valmistautumalla kohtaamaan tulevaisuuden riskit, kuten pandemiat.”

Tadas Leončikas, sosiaalipolitiikan yksikön vanhempi tutkimusjohtaja

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 toukokuu 2024
Publication
Research report

Keskeiset poliittiset viestit

Infografiikka

Päätöksentekijät saavat Eurofoundin tutkimuksen tärkeimmistä havainnoista tietoa, jonka avulla he voivat puuttua alan keskeisiin ongelmiin.

  • Luottamusta instituutioita kohtaan heikentää eniten yhteiskunnassa esiintyvien jännitteiden kokeminen ja eniten luottamusta vahvistaa mielikuva julkisten palvelujen laadusta.
  • Pitkäaikaishoitoa tarvitaan aiempaa enemmän, ja sen on oltava joustavampaa. Kotihoidon ja -tuen saatavuutta on lisättävä erityisesti jäsenvaltioissa, joissa tulotaso on matalin.
  • Kun perusterveydenhuoltoon, sosiaalipalveluihin ja pitkäaikaishoitoon pääsee nopeasti, voidaan toimia ajoissa ja seurata muuttuvia tarpeita sekä estää pitkäaikaishoitoa koskevien ongelmien laajeneminen.
  • Nuorten mielenterveysongelmat lisääntyvät, vaikka ei olekaan selvää, johtuuko se niiden yleistymisestä vai siitä, että ne tunnetaan ja diagnosoidaan aiempaa paremmin. Mielenterveys liittyy tiiviisti muihin nuorisokysymyksiin, ja siihen liittyvät ongelmat voivat olla sekä eriarvoisuuden seuraus että sen lähde. Mielenterveysongelmien riskitekijöitä ovat vammaisuus ja pitkäaikaissairaus, perheongelmat, suhdeongelmat vertaisryhmissä ja runsas sosiaalisen median käyttö.
  • Vaikka luottamuksen ja sosiaalisen yhteenkuuluvuuden tasot ovat koko EU:ssa palanneet ennalleen rahoituskriisin jälkeen, covid-19-pandemian puhkeaminen on vaikuttanut huomattavasti hyvinvointiin maissa, joihin se iski ankarimmin.
  • Nuoret kuuluvat rajoitustoimien suurimpiin häviäjiin, sillä heidän hyvinvointinsa taso on työttömien ohella matalin, huolimatta joistakin pandemian alun jälkeen aikaansaaduista parannuksista. Vaikka tyytyväisyys elämään ja optimismi ovat lisääntyneet huhtikuun 2020 jälkeen, nuoret tuntevat olevansa edelleen syrjässä yhteiskunnasta, ja heillä on suurin riski masentua. Se osoittaa, että käytössä olleet rajoitukset vaikuttavat heihin enemmän.
  • Toimenpiteet, joilla lievennetään työttömien ja nuorten mielenterveysriskejä covid-19-pandemian jälkimainingeissa, ovat ratkaisevan tärkeitä koronaviruksen mahdollisissa uusissa aalloissa. Toimintapoliittisilla toimenpiteillä on tarjottava jatkuvasti kohdennettua tukea, jotta työtä etsivät pääsevät jälleen jaloilleen ja pystyvät selviämään pandemian vaikutuksista. Niillä on myös varmistettava, että nuoret pystyvät osallistumaan yhteiskuntaan kokonaisvaltaisesti.
  • Covid-19-kriisi on vähentänyt optimismia ja vaikuttanut enemmän naisten työ- ja yksityiselämän tasapainoon kuin miesten. Tämän vaurion korjaaminen on ratkaisevan tärkeää, jotta voidaan varmistaa, etteivät naiset joudu maksamaan pandemiasta kohtuuttomasti.
  • Kansalaisten luottamus kansallisiin ja EU:n instituutioihin on pystyttävä säilyttämään kriisiaikana, koska covid-19-pandemian hallitsemiseksi toteutettavien toimenpiteiden noudattaminen riippuu suuresti siitä, miten paljon instituutioihin ja tieteelliseen neuvontaan luotetaan. Tukitoimenpiteistä hyötyneiden vastaajien ilmoittama instituutioita kohtaan tunnetun luottamuksen kasvu on myös selkeä viesti kansallisille hallituksille ja EU:lle.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 tammikuu 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Kohtuuttoman kallis asuminen on suuri huoli EU:ssa. Se johtaa kodittomuuteen, asumiseen liittyvään epävarmuuteen, taloudelliseen ahdinkoon ja puutteelliseen asumisen tasoon. Se myös estää nuoria lähtemästä lapsuudenkodistaan. Nämä ongelmat vaikuttavat ihmisten terveyteen...

30 toukokuu 2023
Publication
Research report
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Vuosi 2022 alkoi varovaisen optimistisesti. Eurooppa oli toipumassa kaksi vuotta kestäneestä covid-19-pandemiasta, ja Euroopan unionin elpymisvälineessä esitettiin suunnitelma vahvan ja kestävän tulevaisuuden rakentamiseksi. Venäjän hyökkäys Ukrainaan alkuvuodesta muutti kuitenkin tilannetta...

4 toukokuu 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

19 May 2010

This interim evaluation study was carried out to provide preliminary answers to a set of questions concerning the project intervention of CLIP, primarily from the organisational perspective of Eurofound as a central agent in the conceptualisation, design and operation of CLIP to date, and within a

18 May 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

18 May 2010

The workshop held on 27 November 2009 was designed to examine how early childhood services are providing parents/carers with educational and social support, and how these services can contribute to more effective parenting. Policymakers, experts and practitioners working in the field presented

20 April 2010

Public services are the bedrock of modern society. They impact on people’s everyday lives to a greater or lesser degree: from education and health services to public transport, refuse collection and state pensions. This report explores the interaction between individuals and institutions, analysing

23 March 2010

The EU designated 2010 as the European Year for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion. Social exclusion is the consequence of a series of problems affecting an individual or groups, for example unemployment, discrimination, low levels of skills, or low income. Foundation Findings provide pertinent

18 March 2010

What are the factors that give rise to a feeling of satisfaction with one’s life and do these vary from country to country across Europe? This report explores the role of different aspects of an individual’s life – such as income, age, employment, marital status and health – in shaping the quality

10 March 2010

Over the past two decades, the concept of social exclusion has increasingly replaced the concept of poverty within the EU policy discussion on social vulnerability and disadvantage. It has been shown that unequal access to the labour market and poor living conditions negatively affect social

10 February 2010

This report reviews the evidence to support the contention that increasing numbers of young people (16 - 34 years) are entering the disability benefits system. It attempts to place this evidence within the context of the many factors that are known to influence the economic activity and labour

01 February 2010

The results of Eurofound’s second European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS 2007) show that older people run the risk of being socially excluded. The highest proportion of people reporting a feeling of being ‘left out of society’ is in the over-65 age bracket. Compared to younger age groups, a much

19 January 2010

Online resources results (219)

Challenges of achieving a work-life balance in Spain

The report Informe España 2004 [1] (2004 Report for Spain) was published by the Fundación Encuentro [2] in May 2004. An annual publication since 1993, the report provides a series of analyses on social, economic and political issues in Spain. The 2004 report devotes a chapter to the balance of work

New working time model involves change of culture

A research project into German ‘working time on trust’ arrangements, funded by the Hans-Böckler Foundation [1]/,/ examines experiences of these voluntary schemes at company level. The project focuses on how this personal time scheduling system can contribute positively to quality of work and worker

Low uptake of working time accounts

A recent study on flexible working time arrangements offers an insight into how companies manage working hours and how employees juggle their time in order to balance the demands of career and private life.

Job autonomy varies with income and qualifications

Employees with the highest skills, best qualifications and highest incomes enjoy the highest levels of job autonomy in working life. Unskilled workers and low-income employees are the least favoured in this regard. The study, Degrees of job autonomy [1], /(pdf file -/ in Danish, /Dimensioner af

Social security contributions, wages and labour market feature in run-up to central bargaining

With negotiations over a new intersectoral agreement due later in the year, the debate in Belgium in spring 2002 has focused on social security contributions, the growth of wage costs and labour market participation. On the first point, the federal government has in recent years taken measures to

Ver.di seeks to give prostitutes a voice

In January 2002, the Unified Service Sector Union (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft, ver.di) announced a new plan to support sex industry workers. While it has been estimated that some 400,000 prostitutes work in Germany, offering their services a total of 1.2 million times a day, trade union

Equality is Qualityawards recognise good practice

In January 2002, the winners of Portugal's annual 'Equality is Quality' prize, awarded by the tripartite Commission for Equality in Work and Employment, were announced. The prize is designed to reward good practices by employers in promoting equality of opportunity for women and men. In 2002, the

Government initiatives spark major confrontation with trade unions

Between November and December 2001, the Italian government launched three important reform initiatives in the fields of labour market institutions, the pension system and the tax system. The Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations sharply criticised the government's action, both because of the

MEDEF makes proposals for social protection reform

In November 2001, France's MEDEF employers' confederation issued proposals for the reform of the social protection system. They clearly reflect the organisation's desire to separate employment-related social protection from those aspects of welfare that have been extended to the whole population

Unions and employers set out demands for public sector bargaining round

In the spring of 2002, the employers' organisations and trade unions in the Danish public sector will renegotiate the current three-year collective agreements concluded in 1999 (DK9903114F [1]). If the social partners conclude two-year agreements, the public sector bargaining cycle will again be in


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 helmikuu 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 joulukuu 2015

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 lokakuu 2023
Reference period:

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