Industrial relations and social dialogue
Abstract
Denne rapport sammenfatter, hvordan mindstelønninger for 2021 blev fastsat i 2020 – året, der var præget af covid-19-pandemien. I rapporten gennemgås de vanskeligheder, nationale beslutningstagere stod over for, og hvordan de reagerede på de udfordringer, der opstod som følge af pandemiens økonomiske og sociale konsekvenser, da de skulle træffe beslutning om mindstelønninger. Rapporten kortlægger, i hvilket omfang mindstelønninger blev nævnt i covid-19-relaterede støtteforanstaltninger. I rapporten drøftes de fremskridt, der er gjort med hensyn til EU-initiativet om passende mindstelønninger, og reaktionerne fra arbejdsmarkedets sociale partnere på EU-plan og fra nationale beslutningstagere kortlægges. Rapporten ledsages af to supplerende arbejdspapirer: Det ene giver en analyse af udviklingen for lavtlønnede arbejdstagere og mindstelønsmodtagere i de seneste 10 år. Det andet sammenfatter den nyeste forskning i mindstelønninger i EU-landene, Norge og Storbritannien.
Key findings
Mindstelønningerne blev forhøjet en smule i de fleste medlemsstater fra 2020 til 2021, med en forhøjelse på 3 % (målt i nationale valutaer) i medianlandet. Kun få medlemsstater besluttede at fastfryse niveauet for deres mindstelønninger i 2021. Dette er helt forskelligt fra medlemsstaternes reaktion under finanskrisen.
I lande uden lovbestemte mindstelønninger (Østrig, Danmark, Finland, Italien, Sverige og Norge) var lønstigningerne moderate, men generelt lå overenskomsterne nogenlunde stabilt. Fordi overenskomstforhandlingerne i nogle tilfælde blev påvirket af pandemien, blev en række forlængelser og lønforhøjelser udskudt.
Den største udfordring, beslutningstagerne stod over for ved fastsættelsen af mindstelønninger i 2020, var den generelle økonomiske usikkerhed som følge af pandemien. I det omfang det var muligt at udarbejde prognoser, var disse mere usikre eller ustabile end normalt.
Arbejdsmarkedets parters holdning til forslaget om et EU-direktiv om mindstelønninger er uændret. Generelt er arbejdsgiverorganisationer de mest kritiske og foretrækker en uforpligtende henstilling. Hovedparten af fagforeningerne støtter initiativet, men ser gerne, at det bliver mere vidtgående. Der hersker delte meninger blandt regeringerne.
List of tables
The report has the following list of tables:
Table 1: Gross minimum wages, selected EU Member States and the UK, in € and national currencies, 2020 and 2021 compared
Table 2: Sub-minimum rates for selected EU Member States and the UK as of January 2021
Table 3: Occupational or sector-related statutory minimum wage rates in Cyprus, Malta and Romania, January 2021
Table 4: Seniority- or qualification-related top-ups of statutory minimum wage rates for private sector workers, January 2021
Table 5: Minimum wage rates related to level of hardship or job demands for private sector workers, January 2021
Table 6: Change in monthly minimum wages in collective agreements (%), between 1 January 2020 and 1 January 2021, for selected low-paid jobs (national currencies)
Table 7: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that followed previous commitments
Table 8: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that adhered to formulas
Table 9: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that fell short of previous targets
Table 10: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that opted for cautious increases
Table 11: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that froze the level or deferred decisions
Table 12: Change in the number of employees 2019 to 2020 and proportion of minimum wage workers, by sector
Table A1: Legal basis for statutory minimum wages
Table A2: Overview of changes to minimum wage regulations in 2020
Table A3: Wage rates in collective agreements related to 10 selected low-paid jobs, 2020 to 2021, in national currency
Table A4: Minimum wage references used in short-time working schemes or for subsidised employment
Table A5: References to the minimum wage determining the eligibility for income support when employed
Table A6: Minimum wage references used to determine the level of COVID-19-related benefits for self-employed people, working parents and others
Table A7: References to the minimum wage determining the eligibility to obtain certain benefits
Table A8: List of other COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database cases referred to in this report by country
Table A9: Network of Eurofound Correspondents
List of figures
The report has the following list of figures:
Figure 1: Breakdown of national decision-makers interviewed, based on organisation type and system type (%)
Figure 2: Hourly minimum wages (€), selected Member States, 2021
Figure 3: Collectively agreed average or median monthly pay in 10 low-paid jobs, January 2021 (€)
Figure 4: Minimum wage setting for 2021 and the role of the social partners
Figure 5: Change in number of employees between 2019 and 2020 and proportion of minimum wage workers by occupation, men and women
Figure 6: Stances towards the proposed directive by respondent type (%)
Figure 7: Stances towards the proposed directive by type of wage setting (%)
- Number of pages
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74
- Reference nº
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EF21015
- ISBN
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978-92-897-2172-1
- Catalogue nº
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TJ-AS-21-001-EN-N
- DOI
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10.2806/47491
- Permalink
Cite this publication
Eurofound (2021), Minimum wages in 2021: Annual review, Minimum wages in the EU series, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
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