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Lebensbedingungen und Lebensqualität

Lebensbedingungen und Lebensqualität sind einer der sechs wichtigsten Tätigkeitsbereiche im Arbeitsprogramm von Eurofound für den Zeitraum 2021-2024. Eurofound wird auch weiterhin grundlegende Aspekte in Verbindung mit der Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen der Menschen in Europa erfassen und analysieren, einschließlich Informationen darüber, wie sie Lebensqualität und die Qualität der Gesellschaft wahrnehmen. Da die COVID-19 Pandemie und die daraus resultierende Wirtschaftskrise einen tiefen Einschnitt im Leben der Menschen bedeuten, wird Eurofound die Auswirkungen der Krise auf die EU-Bürgerinnen und -Bürger in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten weiter untersuchen.

Im Zeitraum 2021-2024 wird Eurofound wichtige Erkenntnisse zu den Herausforderungen und Aussichten in den Bereichen Lebensbedingungen und Lebensqualität in der EU sowie zur Rolle verschiedener Initiativen zur Milderung sozialer Härten bereitstellen, von denen unterschiedliche Gruppen von Bürgern betroffen sind. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den Folgen für ältere Menschen und ihren Pflegebedarf, Jugendlichen, ihrer gesellschaftlichen Einbindung und sozialen Mobilität sowie den unterschiedlichen Folgen der Krise für Männer und Frauen .

Öffentliche Dienstleistungen in der gesamten EU spielten bei der Bekämpfung der COVID-19-Krise, die mit gewaltigen Herausforderungen einherging, eine entscheidende Rolle, und sie werden noch eingehender geprüft werden, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Themen wie Qualität, Zugang und Erschwinglichkeit. Wie bisherige Erkenntnisse gezeigt haben, waren die Auswirkungen der Krise auf bestimmte Gruppen je nach Alter, Pflege-/Betreuungsaufgaben und Vereinbarkeit und Beruf und Privatleben unverhältnismäßig stark, ein Thema, mit dem sich Eurofound noch eingehender befassen wird.

In Abstimmung mit dem Europäischen Institut für Gleichstellungsfragen (EIGE) beabsichtigt Eurofound, die mehrdimensionalen geschlechtsspezifischen Diskrepanzen durch die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf Männer und Frauen im Hinblick auf Erwerbsbeteiligung, materielle Lebensbedingungen und Wohlbefinden zu erforschen, um die Unterschiede zu ermitteln und deren Auswirkungen auf geschlechtsspezifische Diskrepanzen einschätzen zu können.

Die Qualität öffentlicher Dienstleistungen hat entscheidend dazu beigetragen, das Vertrauen in Institutionen im Europa von heute aufzubauen, und sie wird von maßgeblicher Bedeutung sein, um die aktuellen und künftigen Herausforderungen zu meistern. Hochwertige Dienstleistungen sind aber auch ein Bereich, in dem Innovation gefragt ist, insbesondere bei der Umstellung auf digitale, umweltfreundlichere Dienstleistungen und im Hinblick darauf, in Zukunft auf Risiken wie z. B. die Pandemie vorbereitet zu sein.

— Tadas Leončikas, Leitender Forschungsleiter, Referat „Sozialpolitik“

Topic

Recent updates

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Increasing emphasis on independent living and social inclusion is driving deinstitutionalisation – the shift away from a reliance on residential institutions towards family- and community-based settings for the provision of...

25 Oktober 2024
Publication
Research report

Die wichtigsten politischen Erkenntnisse

Infografik

Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeiten von Eurofound dienen politischen Entscheidungsträgern als Informationsquelle, um sich mit einigen zentralen Themen in diesem Bereich näher auseinanderzusetzen.

  • Die größten negativen Auswirkungen auf das Vertrauen in die Institutionen ergeben sich aus der Wahrnehmung gesellschaftlicher Spannungen, während die wahrgenommene Qualität öffentlicher Dienstleistungen ein entscheidender Faktor ist, der das Vertrauen in die Institutionen stärkt.
  • Was wir brauchen, ist ein langfristiges Betreuungsangebot – zusammen mit mehr Flexibilität. Häusliche Pflege und Hilfe sollten besser zugänglich gemacht werden, insbesondere in den EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit den geringsten Einkommen.
  • Ein sofortiger Zugang zu medizinischer Grundversorgung, Sozialfürsorge und Langzeitpflege kann ein frühzeitiges Eingreifen und die Beobachtung der sich verändernden Bedürfnisse auslösen und verhindern, dass Probleme in Verbindung mit der Langzeitpflege eskalieren.
  • Psychische Gesundheitsprobleme bei jungen Menschen nehmen zu, obwohl nicht klar ist, ob dies auf eine höhere Inzidenz oder auf ein ausgeprägteres Bewusstsein oder bessere Diagnosemöglichkeiten zurückzuführen ist. Psychische Gesundheit steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit anderen Problemen Jugendlicher und kann sowohl eine Folge von Ungleichheiten als auch selbst eine Ursache dafür sein. Zu den Risikofaktoren für psychische Gesundheitsprobleme gehören Erwerbsunfähigkeit und langwierige Erkrankungen, familiäre Probleme, Beziehungsprobleme mit Gleichaltrigen und die übermäßige Nutzung sozialer Medien.
  • Zwar konnten seit der Finanzkrise das Vertrauen und der soziale Zusammenhalt überall in der EU wiederhergestellt werden, doch hatte der Ausbruch von COVID-19 erhebliche Auswirkungen auf das Wohlbefinden in den von der Pandemie am meisten geschüttelten Ländern.
  • Junge Menschen gehören zu denjenigen, die als die größten Verlierer aus dem Lockdown hervorgehen: Eigenen Angaben zufolge weisen sie ebenso wie Arbeitslose das geringste Wohlbefinden auf, trotz einer Reihe von Verbesserungen seit dem Ausbruch der Pandemie. Zwar haben sich Lebenszufriedenheit und Optimismus seit April 2020 verbessert, doch fühlen sich Jugendliche auch weiterhin von der Gesellschaft ausgeschlossen und sind besonders depressionsgefährdet, was deutlich macht, dass sie stärker von den Einschränkungen während der Kontakt- und Ausgangsbeschränkungen betroffen sind.
  • Maßnahmen, mit denen Risiken für die psychische Gesundheit von Arbeitslosen und Jugendlichen im Zuge von COVID-19 begegnet werden soll, werden im Fall weiterer Wellen des Coronavirus unabdingbar sein. Die Bereitstellung von gezielter Unterstützung, damit diejenigen, die eine Stelle suchen, beruflich wieder auf die Beine kommen und die Auswirkungen der Pandemie verkraften können, sowie die Gewährleistung der uneingeschränkten Teilhabe junger Menschen an der Gesellschaft müssen Bestandteil der laufenden politischen Maßnahmen sein.
  • Die COVID-19-Krise hat bei Frauen stärker als bei Männern den Optimismus erschüttert und die Möglichkeiten, Beruf und Privatleben miteinander zu vereinbaren, beeinträchtigt. Es wird entscheidend sein, dass dieser Schaden behoben wird, damit Frauen nicht unverhältnismäßig stark für die Pandemie bezahlen müssen.
  • Die Wahrung des Vertrauens der Bürgerinnen und Bürger in nationale und europäische Institutionen muss in Krisenzeiten ein zentrales Ziel bleiben, da die Einhaltung von Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung von COVID-19 in hohem Maße vom Vertrauen in Institutionen und in wissenschaftliche Beratung abhängt. Das zunehmende Vertrauen in Institutionen, von dem Befragte berichteten, die in den Genuss von Hilfsmaßnahmen kamen, ist auch eine klare Botschaft an nationale Regierungen und die EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Die Gestaltung des Arbeitsprogramms 2024 steht im Zusammenhang mit den bevorstehenden Europawahlen, dem Krieg in der Ukraine, einem erneuten Nahostkonflikt und steigenden Lebenshaltungskosten in der gesamten Europäischen Union.

23 Januar 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Unbezahlbarer Wohnraum gibt in der EU Anlass zu großer Sorge. Die Folgen sind Obdachlosigkeit, Wohnungsunsicherheit, finanzielle Belastung und unangemessene Wohnverhältnisse. Außerdem wird dadurch verhindert, dass junge Menschen von zu Hause...

30 Mai 2023
Publication
Research report
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Das Jahr 2022 begann mit vorsichtigem Optimismus. In Europa waren gerade zwei von der Pandemie geprägte Jahre zu Ende gegangen, und mit NextGenerationEU wurde ein Plan für eine Erholung vorgelegt...

4 Mai 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (310)

A study describing the development, current situation and future prospects of household services in France.

28 June 2001

A study describing the development, current situation and future prospects of household services in Italy.

27 June 2001

A study describing the development, current situation and future prospects of household services in the Netherlands.

27 June 2001

This report examines the impacts of quality improvement initiatives on both services to clients, and on working conditions in social public services in Spain.

28 March 2001
Publication
Research report

The report explores the impact of the changing balance of activities for men and women in the three spheres of employment, community and family life by focusing on employment in the household services sector. It mirrors seven other studies carried out in EU member states and includes: a review of

16 November 2000

One of a series of papers which examines the impacts of quality improvement initiatives on both services to clients, and, on working conditions in social public services across Member States.

09 November 2000

One of a series of papers which examines the impacts of quality improvement initiatives on both services to clients, and, on working conditions in social public services across Member States.

09 November 2000

One of a series of papers which examines the impacts of quality improvement initiatives on both services to clients, and, on working conditions in social public services across Member States.

09 November 2000

One of a series of papers which examines the impacts of quality improvement initiatives on both services to clients, and, on working conditions in social public services across Member States.

09 November 2000

Social public services are services directly provided to citizens to meet their needs in relation to employment, health, housing, education, social security and care. These are services that contribute to the development of productive but also more inclusive and cohesive societies. They are

19 June 2000

Online resources results (219)

Six out of eight unions sign agreement for state-owned hospitals

On 14 March 2000, six trade unions, (CFDT, CFE-CGC, CFTC, CGT-FO, UNSA and SNCH) signed a memorandum of understanding with the Ministry for Employment and Solidarity, which provides for extra funding of FRF 10 billion for France's state-owned hospitals over three years, of which FRF 3.8 billion in

Parliament approves reform of law on strikes in essential public services

At the beginning of April 2000, the Italian parliament approved a reform of law 146/1990, which regulates the right to strike in essential public services and defines the role of the Guarantee Authority which oversees application of the law. The reform has introduced important changes as regards the

Collective relations institutionalised in not-for-profit sector

Recent years have seen the development of collective industrial relations in Belgium's not-for-profit sector, which accounts for a sizeable 10.5% of total employment. Industrial relations in this sector, made up of the socio-cultural and healthcare subsectors, are much more complex than in the

Government report raises need for foreign workers

The population of Sweden is ageing, and more employees than ever will retire shortly. As a result, a shortage of labour threatens in about 10 years' time, and the welfare system will not be able to render all the services that will be required. Therefore, as the proportion of the population in work

Review bodies focus on planned changes in pay systems for teachers and health workers

The Labour government has announced details of the pay awards from 1 April 2000 for public sector workers covered by pay review bodies. The pay review bodies, which recommend pay awards for 1.3 million public sector workers - including teachers, nurses, doctors, judges, the armed forces and senior

Belgian social policy inspired by new active welfare state approach

The social policy of Belgium's current coalition government of Liberals, Socialists and Greens, which came to office in July 1999, is substantially influenced by the ideas of the present Socialist Minister for social affairs and pensions, Frank Vandenbroucke. Mr Vandenbroucke's thinking on the

Strikes hit the hospital sector

All the trade unions in France's state-run hospital sector called a nationwide strike on 28 January 2000, demanding improved working conditions, more jobs and budget increases. This was the first time in 20 years that the unions in this sector had issued a joint strike call. The industrial action

Competitive tendering on the political agenda

Privatisation and the competitive tendering of municipal services have been important issues on the political agenda during the general election campaign in spring 1999, and especially in the municipal government election campaign in September 1999. The political parties of the right have stressed

Controversial pact to promote recruitment of disadvantaged people in Milan

In late July 1999, a preliminary agreement on an "employment pact for the city of Milan" was signed by the city's municipal administration, the trade union confederations - with the important exception of Cgil - and the employers' associations. Under the deal, September will see the start of local

Commercial healthcare for sick employees given green light

In late May 1999, the Dutch Minister of Health and State Secretary for Social Affairs adopted a standpoint on the issue of privatised healthcare and possible priority treatment for employees. Politicians have thus given the green light for offering employees specialised care on a commercial basis


Blogs results (32)
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Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on s

23 Juni 2021
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Dezember 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 Oktober 2020
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour an

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While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

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‘Digital transformation’ has been a buzzword in policy circles for some time now, and commitments to making it work for citizens, business and society as whole abound. Brussels has been no exception – the European Commission presented its data and artificial intelligence (AI) strategies in February

23 April 2020
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The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Mai 2019
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Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Juni 2018

Upcoming publications results (2)

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024
Data results (1)
24 Oktober 2023
Reference period:

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