Παράκαμψη προς το κυρίως περιεχόμενο
Abstract

Η παρούσα έκθεση βασίζεται στην τέταρτη έκδοση της έρευνας για τις ευρωπαϊκές επιχειρήσεις (ECS), η οποία διεξήχθη από κοινού από το Eurofound και το Cedefop το 2019. Περιγράφει ένα ευρύ φάσμα πρακτικών και στρατηγικών που εφαρμόζουν οι ευρωπαϊκές επιχειρήσεις όσον αφορά την οργάνωση της εργασίας, τη διαχείριση του ανθρώπινων πόρων, τη χρήση και την ανάπτυξη των δεξιοτήτων, καθώς και την εκπροσώπηση των εργαζομένων. Η έκθεση δείχνει πώς συνδυάζονται οι εν λόγω πρακτικές και πώς οι σχετικές «δέσμες πρακτικών» συνδέονται με δύο αποτελέσματα αμοιβαίως επωφελή για εργαζομένους και εργοδότες: την ευεξία στην εργασία και τις επιδόσεις της επιχείρησης.

Από την ανάλυση προκύπτει ότι η επίτευξη αμοιβαίως επωφελών αποτελεσμάτων είναι πιθανότερη σε επιχειρήσεις που συνδυάζουν υψηλό βαθμό αυτονομίας των εργαζομένων, ισορροπημένη στρατηγική παροχής κινήτρων, ολοκληρωμένη στρατηγική για την κατάρτιση και τη μάθηση, υψηλά επίπεδα άμεσης συμμετοχής των εργαζομένων στη λήψη αποφάσεων και υποστήριξη της διοίκησης για την υλοποίηση τέτοιων πρακτικών. Για την προώθηση και την υιοθέτηση προσανατολισμένων στους εργαζομένους πρακτικών –ιδίως πρακτικών που αφορούν την αυτονομία, τις δεξιότητες και τη συμμετοχή των εργαζομένων– πρέπει να παρασχεθεί η κατάλληλη υποστήριξη προς τα διευθυντικά στελέχη, καθώς αυτά διαδραματίζουν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη λήψη των αποφάσεων για τη δρομολόγηση της αλλαγής στους χώρους εργασίας. Διαδραματίζουν επίσης σημαντικό ρόλο για την επιτυχή έκβασή της, καθώς πρέπει να παρέχουν συνεχή υποστήριξη στις εφαρμοζόμενες πρακτικές.

Key findings

Η έρευνα για τις ευρωπαϊκές επιχειρήσεις 2019 δείχνει ότι οι επιχειρήσεις μπορούν να σχεδιάσουν τις εργασιακές τους πρακτικές με στόχο να συμβάλουν στην επίτευξη αμοιβαίως επωφελών αποτελεσμάτων για εργαζόμενους και εργοδότες. Οι επιχειρήσεις μπορούν να βελτιώσουν τις επιδόσεις τους βελτιώνοντας πτυχές της ποιότητας της εργασίας των εργαζομένων μέσω της εφαρμογής συνδυασμένων πρακτικών που αυξάνουν την αυτονομία των εργαζομένων, διευκολύνουν την εκπροσώπησή τους και προωθούν την κατάρτιση και τη μάθηση.

Σχεδόν το ένα πέμπτο των χώρων εργασίας στην ΕΕ εφαρμόζει τις εν λόγω αμοιβαίως επωφελείς δέσμες πρακτικών. Επιτυχημένα παραδείγματα απαντούν σε όλους τους τύπους επιχειρήσεων ανεξαρτήτως χώρας, μεγέθους, κλάδου ή στρατηγικής για την ανταγωνιστικότητα.

Οι πλέον επιτυχημένες επιχειρήσεις δεν αρκούνται απλώς στην εφαρμογή πρακτικών που διευκολύνουν την επίτευξη αυτού του σκοπού, αλλά διαθέτουν διοικήσεις που τον υποστηρίζουν ενεργά.

Η κατάρτιση αποτελεί σημαντικό μέσο για την επίτευξη θετικών αποτελεσμάτων στους χώρους εργασίας. Οι περισσότερες επιχειρήσεις στην ΕΕ παρέχουν τουλάχιστον κάποια κατάρτιση σε έναν ελάχιστο αριθμό εργαζομένων, λίγες όμως είναι αυτές που παρέχουν ολοκληρωμένες ευκαιρίες κατάρτισης και μάθησης.

Οι επιχειρήσεις με υψηλό επίπεδο κοινωνικού διαλόγου στους χώρους εργασίας επιτυγχάνουν καλύτερες επιδόσεις και υψηλότερο επίπεδο ευεξίας. Οι επιχειρήσεις στις οποίες ο κοινωνικός διάλογος χαρακτηρίζεται από υψηλό επίπεδο συμμετοχής, κλίμα εμπιστοσύνης και σημαντικό βαθμό επιρροής είναι επίσης πιθανότερο να χαρακτηρίζονται από τακτική, άμεση συμμετοχή των εργαζομένων, η οποία κάνει στην πράξη τη διαφορά.

Data visualisation

Visualise, explore and compare EU and country data from the European Company Survey (ECS) 2019 in our interactive data visualisation tool.

Infographic

ecs_2019_infographic_en_11052021.png

 

List of tables

The ECS 2019 overview report has the following list of tables.

Table 1: Relations between management and employees as described by the management and employee representative respondents (%)
Table 2: Profiles of establishment types – digitalisation (%)
Table 3: Profiles of establishment types – job complexity and autonomy (%)
Table 4: Profiles of establishment types – recruitment (%)
Table 5: Profiles of establishment types – workplace behaviour and motivational levers (%)
Table 6: Involvement of the employee representative in negotiations for various pay types (%)
Table 7: Profiles of establishment types – variable pay (%)
Table 8: Profiles of establishment types – training and skills development (%)
Table 9: Profiles of establishment types – direct employee participation (%)
Table 10: Profiles of establishment types – social dialogue (%)
Table 11: Profiles of the four groups of establishments (%)
Table A1: Language versions created and translation approach used
Table A2: Target and completed sample sizes
Table A3: Employee representative types and sampling rules, by country

List of figures

The ECS 2019 overview report has the following list of figures.

Figure 1: Conceptual framework for the analysis of ECS 2019
Figure 2: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – job complexity and autonomy (z-scores)
Figure 3: Types of establishment, by size (%)
Figure 4: Sector of economic activity, by country (%)
Figure 5: Years in operation, by establishment size (%)
Figure 6: Prevalence of three human resources challenges, by establishment size (%)
Figure 7: Profitability and profit expectation in 2018 (%)
Figure 8: Change in production volume and expected employment growth (%)
Figure 9: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by country (z-scores)
Figure 10: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by sector and establishment size (z-scores)
Figure 11: Establishment type – digitalisation, by country (%)
Figure 12: Establishment type – digitalisation, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 13: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – digitalisation (z-scores)
Figure 14: Levels of innovation, by country (%)
Figure 15: Introduction of innovation to the establishment and to the market, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 16: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – innovation (z-scores)
Figure 17: Degree of product market competition, by country (%)
Figure 18: Degree of demand predictability, by country (%)
Figure 19: Dominant product market strategy, by country (%)
Figure 20: Dominant product market strategy, by sector (%)
Figure 21: Market competitiveness, by dominant product market strategy (%)
Figure 22: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – product market strategy (z­-scores)
Figure 23: Collaboration and outsourcing according to activity, by sector (%)
Figure 24: Collaboration and outsourcing, by country (%)
Figure 25: Collaboration and outsourcing, by sector and establishment size and type (%)
Figure 26: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – collaboration and outsourcing (z-scores)
Figure 27: Forms of teamwork, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 28: Establishment type – job complexity and autonomy, by country (%)
Figure 29: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – job complexity and autonomy (z-scores)
Figure 30: Establishment type – job complexity and autonomy, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 31: Proportion of employees with a fixed-term contract, by country (%)
Figure 32: Proportion of employees with a fixed-term contract, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 33: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by proportion of employees with a fixed-term contract (z-scores)
Figure 34: Proportion of employees with a part-time contract, by country (%)
Figure 35: Proportion of employees with a part-time contract, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 36: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by proportion of employees with a part-time contract (z-scores)
Figure 37: Establishment type – recruitment, by country (%)
Figure 38: Establishment type – recruitment, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 39: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – recruitment (z-scores)
Figure 40: Establishment type – recruitment, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 41: Importance of discretionary helping behaviour, by country (%)
Figure 42: Importance of willingness to stay longer when the work requires it, by country (%)
Figure 43: Importance of making suggestions for improvements, by country (%)
Figure 44: Proportion of establishments using different motivational levers, by frequency of use (%)
Figure 45: Establishment type – workplace behaviour and motivational levers, by country (%)
Figure 46: Establishment type – workplace behaviour and motivational levers, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 47: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – workplace behaviour and motivational levers (z-scores)
Figure 48: Establishment type – workplace behaviour and motivational levers, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 49: Establishment type – variable pay, by country (%)
Figure 50: Establishment type – variable pay, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 51: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – variable pay (z-scores)
Figure 52: Establishment type – variable pay, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 53: Skills match of employees, by country (%)
Figure 54: Speed of change in skills requirements, by country (%)
Figure 55: Proportion of employees in jobs requiring continuous training, by country (%)
Figure 56: Proportion of employees in jobs offering limited learning opportunities, by country (%)
Figure 57: Dominant skills development strategy, by country (%)
Figure 58: Proportion of employees who received training during paid working time, by country (%)
Figure 59: Proportion of employees who received on-the-job training, by country (%)
Figure 60: Involvement of the employee representatives in matters concerning training (%)
Figure 61: Perceived importance of training, by country (%)
Figure 62: Establishment type – training and skills development, by country (%)
Figure 63: Establishment type – training and skills development, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 64: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – training and skills development (z-scores)
Figure 65: Establishment type – training and skills development, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 66: Prevalence of tools for engaging with employees and their frequency of use (%)
Figure 67: Areas of employee influence on management decisions, by extent of influence (%)
Figure 68: Establishment type – direct employee participation, by country (%)
Figure 69: Establishment type – direct employee participation, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 70: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – direct employee participation (z-scores)
Figure 71: Establishment type – direct employee participation, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 72: Presence of official structures for employee representation, by country and establishment size (%)
Figure 73: Configurations of employee representation structures (%)
Figure 74: Establishments with employee and employer representation, by country (%)
Figure 75: Establishments where the wages of any employees were set by collective bargaining, by country (%)
Figure 76: Opinions of employee representatives about management (%)
Figure 77: Level of influence of the employee representative on management decisions (%)
Figure 78: Establishment type – social dialogue, by country (%)
Figure 79: Establishment type – social dialogue, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 80: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment type – social dialogue (z-scores)
Figure 81: Establishment type – social dialogue, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure 82: Establishment type – social dialogue, by establishment type – direct participation (%)
Figure 83: Groups of establishments, by country (%)
Figure 84: Groups of establishments, by sector and establishment size (%)
Figure 85: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment group (z-scores)
Figure 86: Relative workplace well-being and establishment performance within each establishment group (%)
Figure 87: Groups of establishments, by digitalisation, innovation and product market strategy (%)
Figure A1 shows the rates for all countries in the survey
Figure A2: Screener success rate (contact details obtained), conversion rate and overall yield rate – employee representative respondents (%)

Customised reports

To show appreciation for the time the ECS 2019 management respondents invested in filling out the questionnaire, Eurofound and Cedefop offered to generate a customised report for their establishment.

The reports are generated automatically, and compare the establishment with other establishments in the same country, size category and sector. They include information on market characteristics, product market strategy, innovation, establishment performance, workplace relations, and human resources challenges.

Over 13,000 respondents requested to receive such a customised report. Upon finalisation of the dataset the at the end of 2019, the reports were generated, and they were distributed to respondents in the beginning of 2020.

Number of pages
180
Reference nº
EF20001
ISBN
978-92-897-2107-3
Catalogue nº
TJ-03-20-568-EN-N
DOI
10.2806/763770
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