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Abstract

Aruandes on kokkuvõte sellest, kuidas 2020. aastal – mil maailmas oli COVID-19 pandeemia – kehtestati miinimumpalgad 2021. aastaks. Aruandes on ülevaade liikmesriikide otsustajate kohatud raskustest ning sellest, kuidas nad tulid toime miinimumpalgaga seotud otsuste tegemisel pandeemiast tingitud majandus- ja ühiskonnahäirete järelmitega. Aruandes kirjeldatakse, kui palju viidati miinimumpalkadele COVID-19-ga seotud toetusmeetmetes. Aruandes käsitletakse ELi piisava miinimumpalga algatuse arengut ning ELi tasandi sotsiaalpartnerite ja riiklike otsustajate reaktsioone. Aruandega kaasneb kaks täiendavat töödokumenti: ühes on madalapalgaliste ja miinimumpalgaga töötajate jaoks viimasel kümnendil toimunud arengute analüüs, teises on uusima ELi riikide, Norra ja Ühendkuningriigi miinimumpalkade kohta tehtud viimaste uuringute kokkuvõte. 

Key findings

Enamikus liikmesriikidest tõsteti 2021. aasta miinimumpalka 2020. aasta omaga võrreldes ettevaatlikult, riikide tõusu mediaan oli 3% (arvutatuna riigi vääringus). Ainult mõni liikmesriik otsustas oma miinimumpalga taseme 2021. aastaks külmutada. See on väga erinev liikmesriikide reaktsioonist finantskriisi ajal.

Ametliku miinimumpalgata riikides (Austria, Itaalia, Rootsi, Soome, Taani ja Norra) tõusid palgad mõõdukalt, kuid läbirääkimised osutusid üldiselt mõistlikult stabiilseks. Et mõnel juhul takistas pandeemia kollektiivläbirääkimisi, lükati mõne kokkuleppe pikendamine ja palgatõusud edasi.

Otsustajatele oli 2020. aastal miinimumpalga kehtestamisel suurim probleem pandeemiat ümbritsev üldine majanduslik ebakindlus. Kui prognoose oli üldse võimalik teha, olid need tavalisest ebakindlamad ja volatiilsemad.

Sotsiaalpartnerite seisukohad kavandatava ELi miinimumpalga direktiivi kohta on jäänud samaks. Tööandjate organisatsioonid on üldiselt kõige kriitilisemad ja eelistaksid mittesiduvat soovitust. Enamik ametiühingutest toetab algatust, kuid soovib, et see oleks ulatuslikum. Valitsuste seisukohad varieeruvad.

List of tables

The report has the following list of tables:

Table 1: Gross minimum wages, selected EU Member States and the UK, in € and national currencies, 2020 and 2021 compared
Table 2: Sub-minimum rates for selected EU Member States and the UK as of January 2021
Table 3: Occupational or sector-related statutory minimum wage rates in Cyprus, Malta and Romania, January 2021
Table 4: Seniority- or qualification-related top-ups of statutory minimum wage rates for private sector workers, January 2021
Table 5: Minimum wage rates related to level of hardship or job demands for private sector workers, January 2021
Table 6: Change in monthly minimum wages in collective agreements (%), between 1 January 2020 and 1 January 2021, for selected low-paid jobs (national currencies)
Table 7: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that followed previous commitments
Table 8: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that adhered to formulas
Table 9: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that fell short of previous targets
Table 10: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that opted for cautious increases
Table 11: Minimum wage setting for 2021 – Countries that froze the level or deferred decisions
Table 12: Change in the number of employees 2019 to 2020 and proportion of minimum wage workers, by sector


Table A1: Legal basis for statutory minimum wages
Table A2: Overview of changes to minimum wage regulations in 2020
Table A3: Wage rates in collective agreements related to 10 selected low-paid jobs, 2020 to 2021, in national currency
Table A4: Minimum wage references used in short-time working schemes or for subsidised employment
Table A5: References to the minimum wage determining the eligibility for income support when employed
Table A6: Minimum wage references used to determine the level of COVID-19-related benefits for self-employed people, working parents and others
Table A7: References to the minimum wage determining the eligibility to obtain certain benefits
Table A8: List of other COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch database cases referred to in this report by country
Table A9: Network of Eurofound Correspondents

List of figures

The report has the following list of figures:

Figure 1: Breakdown of national decision-makers interviewed, based on organisation type and system type (%)
Figure 2: Hourly minimum wages (€), selected Member States, 2021  
Figure 3: Collectively agreed average or median monthly pay in 10 low-paid jobs, January 2021 (€)
Figure 4: Minimum wage setting for 2021 and the role of the social partners
Figure 5: Change in number of employees between 2019 and 2020 and proportion of minimum wage workers by occupation, men and women
Figure 6: Stances towards the proposed directive by respondent type (%)
Figure 7: Stances towards the proposed directive by type of wage setting (%)

Number of pages
74
Reference nº
EF21015
ISBN
978-92-897-2172-1
Catalogue nº
TJ-AS-21-001-EN-N
DOI
10.2806/47491
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