Liigu edasi põhisisu juurde
topic_industrialrelations.jpg

Töösuhted

Ametiühingud, tööandjate organisatsioonid ja avaliku sektori asutused – neil kõigil on töösuhte juhtimisel oma roll. Nad on Euroopa, riiklikul, valdkondlikul, piirkondlikul ja ettevõtte tasandil toimiva süsteemi omavahel seotud osad. Viimastel aastatel, kui tehnoloogia ja töövormid on arenenud pidevalt muutuvas majanduskeskkonnas, on töösuhete süsteemid seisnud silmitsi otsustava tähtsusega ülesannetega.

Euroopa Komisjon algatas 2015. aastal sellega seoses taas Euroopa sotsiaaldialoogi. 2016. aasta juunis tehtud ühisavalduses rõhutasid komisjon, Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu ja sotsiaalpartnerid selle tähtsust ELi tööhõive- ja sotsiaalpoliitika kujundajana.

Topic

Recent updates

ef24017-card-cover.png

This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes...

26 juuni 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eurofoundi töö

Eurofoundi on 40 aasta jooksul arendatud töösuhete suundumuste jälgimise ja analüüsimise peamise eksperdikeskusena. Muu hulgas on jälgitud ja analüüsitud Euroopa ja riikide tasandi sotsiaaldialoogi vahelisi seoseid. Tuginedes 28 ELi liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku teadmistele, on kajastatud kõikides liikmesriikides ja ELis tervikuna toimunud arengusuundumusi. 

Põhipanus

Eurofound on teinud EL 28s ja Norras valitsevate töösuhete kohta mitmesuguseid võrdlevaid analüüse, koostanud artikleid ja korraldanud juhtumiuuringuid ning korrapäraselt ajakohastanud asjaomaste teemade andmebaase.

Hiljutises uuringus antakse ülevaade 21. sajandi Euroopa töösuhete süsteemide asjakohastest põhimõõtmetest ja -näitajatest ning kirjeldatakse neid. Teiseks vaadeldakse, kuidas sotsiaalpartnerid on ELis ja Norras uurinud uusi teemasid, vahendeid ja innovatiivseid käsitlusviise, et lahendada viimastel aastatel tekkinud paljusid uusi poliitilisi, õiguslikke ja sotsiaalseid probleeme.

Tasustamine ja tööaeg on endiselt suurt huvi pakkuvad valdkonnad, mis igal aastal uuesti läbi vaadatakse. Üks tasustamisega seotud hiljutine uus uurimisteema keskendub seadusjärgse miinimumpalga tasemetele ELis, teine aga kollektiivsetele palgaläbirääkimistele.

Eurofound on 2006. aastast alates on Eurofound korraldanud Euroopa Komisjoni antud volituste alusel Euroopa valdkondlike sotsiaalpartnerite organisatsioonide representatiivsuse uuringuid.

Ressursid

Tööelu arengu aruandlus

Eurofound pakub jälgimis- ja aruandlusvahendite kaudu süstemaatilisi ja võrreldavaid andmeid riikide töösuhete süsteemide ja tööelu arengu kohta, tuginedes 28 liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku tööle.

Key outputs

ef23007-card-cover.png

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktoober 2023
Publication
Research report
ef23019_card_cover.png

Miinimumpalga 2023. aasta ülevaade koostati enneolematu üleeuroopalise inflatsiooni kontekstis. Kuigi see tõi paljudes riikides kaasa nominaalpalkade märkimisväärse tõusu, ei piisanud sellest sageli, et säilitada töötajate ostujõud. Viimase kümnendi arengute põhjal...

29 juuni 2023
Publication
Research report
ef21046_card_cover.png

Käesolevas aruandes analüüsitakse kollektiivläbirääkimiste protsesside ja tulemuste hiljutisi arenguid ja uusi tavasid, peamiselt erasektoris. Aruanne hõlmab 10 ELi liikmesriigi kollektiivläbirääkimiste süsteeme ning põhineb juhtumitel, mis on tuvastatud vestlustel riikliku tasandi...

31 august 2022
Publication
Research report
ef20023_card_cover.png

Osana oma ülesandest edendada sotsiaaldialoogi on Eurofound jälginud ja analüüsinud töösuhete süsteemide arengut Euroopa Liidu tasandil ja Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikides üle 40 aasta. Juhtalgatuste aruanne põhineb tööl, mida tehti selles...

11 detsember 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

    ricardo-rodriguez-contreras-2023.png

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
    maria-sedlakova-2023.png

    Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

    Research officer,
    Working life research unit
    victoria-cojocariu-2023.png

    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (517)

    This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes of setting the minimum wage rates for 2024 and beyond. It investigates the extent to which minimum wage earners were affected by

    26 June 2024

    Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

    26 February 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

    08 December 2023

    Previous Eurofound research developed three complementary tools to examine the dynamics of industrial relations and compare how national industrial relations systems are faring in terms of quality and change over time.

    05 December 2023

    In the EU, non-compliance with statutory or negotiated minimum wages averages 6.93% or 1.3%, depending on the statistics used. The lowest national estimate is 0.01% in Belgium and the highest is 11.59% in Hungary.

    27 November 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

    21 November 2023

    This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

    09 November 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

    26 October 2023

    After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

    06 September 2023

    Miinimumpalga 2023. aasta ülevaade koostati enneolematu üleeuroopalise inflatsiooni kontekstis. Kuigi see tõi paljudes riikides kaasa nominaalpalkade märkimisväärse tõusu, ei piisanud sellest sageli, et säilitada töötajate ostujõud. Viimase kümnendi arengute põhjal näitab käesolev aruanne, et

    29 June 2023

    Online resources results (1688)

    Germany: New evidence on the scope of service contracts feeds into social partner debate

    In the wake of the very heated public debate on service contracts, with unions claiming that workers on such contracts are not treated as fairly as core staff, a new study by the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) outlines to what extent German companies use these contracts and presents their

    United Kingdom: Government launches consultation on worker representatives on company boards

    Prime Minister Theresa May first pledged to put worker representatives on the boards of UK companies in July 2016, shortly after taking office. This article outlines the evolution of the proposal, up to the launch on 29 November of the formal process of consultation on corporate governance, and

    France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

    The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

    Germany: Labour Minister launches White Paper on the future of work

    Federal Labour Minister Andrea Nahles launched a White Paper at the end of November on the future of work, including the controversial issue of working time regulation. Both employers and workers’ representatives favour more flexibility than is allowed by current regulations that stipulate an eight

    Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

    The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

    Croatia: New system of trade union training

    Between July 2015 and July 2016, a new system of training for union representatives and shop stewards was introduced to modernise union training and enhance social dialogue. The EDUCA project was promoted by the Union of Autonomous Trade Unions of Croatia (SSSH) with the support of unions from the

    Bulgaria: Recognition of nationally representative employer organisations and trade unions for 2016–2020

    The requirements for trade unions and employers’ organisations to claim representativeness have been amended to make eligibility easier to achieve. Using the new criteria, the Council of Ministers formally recognised five employer organisations and two trade unions as nationally representative in a

    Sweden: Debate on whether solidarity action should be restricted

    A long-running debate about solidarity in industrial action by workers supporting another group, even though their own union is not involved in the dispute, has flared up. There are fears that the turbulence of the 2016 bargaining round will be repeated in 2017 and employers are seeking stricter

    Germany: Union–Amazon conflict escalates in run-up to Christmas

    Since 2013, trade union ver.di has been recruiting members among employees of Amazon and has campaigned for better wages and working conditions. Amazon opposes all collective bargaining but argues that it is a socially responsible employer. A new round of stoppages by ver.di members demanding a

    Norway: Strike in rail sector settled and new rules coming down the line

    Industrial action that disrupted operations on Norwegian railways for five weeks in autumn 2016 was settled, with the government agreeing to reframe the national regulations for train drivers’ qualifications ahead of the planned privatisation of much of the rail network in 2017.


    Blogs results (18)
    ef22069.png

    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

    15 juuni 2022
    image_blog_collective_bargaining_28102020.png

    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

    28 oktoober 2020
    image_blog_minimum_wages_10032020.png

    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 aprill 2020
    main_image_blog_ef20039.png

    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 jaanuar 2020
    image_blog_unions_20112019.png

    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a p

    20 november 2019
    image_blog_100_years_12112019.png

    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 november 2019
    image_blog_joint_cross_border_inspections_17072019.png

    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law guarantee

    17 juuli 2019
    ef19051.png

    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

    seniority-based-entitlements-blog.jpg

    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across E

    17 aprill 2019
    image1_what_about_men_blog_27042018.jpg

    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Mai 2018

    Upcoming publications results (8)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    July 2025

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the political context in 2023; updates on the social partners and social dialogue ins

    July 2024

    Disclaimer

    When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.