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Töösuhted

Ametiühingud, tööandjate organisatsioonid ja avaliku sektori asutused – neil kõigil on töösuhte juhtimisel oma roll. Nad on Euroopa, riiklikul, valdkondlikul, piirkondlikul ja ettevõtte tasandil toimiva süsteemi omavahel seotud osad. Viimastel aastatel, kui tehnoloogia ja töövormid on arenenud pidevalt muutuvas majanduskeskkonnas, on töösuhete süsteemid seisnud silmitsi otsustava tähtsusega ülesannetega.

Euroopa Komisjon algatas 2015. aastal sellega seoses taas Euroopa sotsiaaldialoogi. 2016. aasta juunis tehtud ühisavalduses rõhutasid komisjon, Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu ja sotsiaalpartnerid selle tähtsust ELi tööhõive- ja sotsiaalpoliitika kujundajana.

Topic

Recent updates

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This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes...

26 juuni 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eurofoundi töö

Eurofoundi on 40 aasta jooksul arendatud töösuhete suundumuste jälgimise ja analüüsimise peamise eksperdikeskusena. Muu hulgas on jälgitud ja analüüsitud Euroopa ja riikide tasandi sotsiaaldialoogi vahelisi seoseid. Tuginedes 28 ELi liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku teadmistele, on kajastatud kõikides liikmesriikides ja ELis tervikuna toimunud arengusuundumusi. 

Põhipanus

Eurofound on teinud EL 28s ja Norras valitsevate töösuhete kohta mitmesuguseid võrdlevaid analüüse, koostanud artikleid ja korraldanud juhtumiuuringuid ning korrapäraselt ajakohastanud asjaomaste teemade andmebaase.

Hiljutises uuringus antakse ülevaade 21. sajandi Euroopa töösuhete süsteemide asjakohastest põhimõõtmetest ja -näitajatest ning kirjeldatakse neid. Teiseks vaadeldakse, kuidas sotsiaalpartnerid on ELis ja Norras uurinud uusi teemasid, vahendeid ja innovatiivseid käsitlusviise, et lahendada viimastel aastatel tekkinud paljusid uusi poliitilisi, õiguslikke ja sotsiaalseid probleeme.

Tasustamine ja tööaeg on endiselt suurt huvi pakkuvad valdkonnad, mis igal aastal uuesti läbi vaadatakse. Üks tasustamisega seotud hiljutine uus uurimisteema keskendub seadusjärgse miinimumpalga tasemetele ELis, teine aga kollektiivsetele palgaläbirääkimistele.

Eurofound on 2006. aastast alates on Eurofound korraldanud Euroopa Komisjoni antud volituste alusel Euroopa valdkondlike sotsiaalpartnerite organisatsioonide representatiivsuse uuringuid.

Ressursid

Tööelu arengu aruandlus

Eurofound pakub jälgimis- ja aruandlusvahendite kaudu süstemaatilisi ja võrreldavaid andmeid riikide töösuhete süsteemide ja tööelu arengu kohta, tuginedes 28 liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku tööle.

Key outputs

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktoober 2023
Publication
Research report
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Miinimumpalga 2023. aasta ülevaade koostati enneolematu üleeuroopalise inflatsiooni kontekstis. Kuigi see tõi paljudes riikides kaasa nominaalpalkade märkimisväärse tõusu, ei piisanud sellest sageli, et säilitada töötajate ostujõud. Viimase kümnendi arengute põhjal...

29 juuni 2023
Publication
Research report
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Käesolevas aruandes analüüsitakse kollektiivläbirääkimiste protsesside ja tulemuste hiljutisi arenguid ja uusi tavasid, peamiselt erasektoris. Aruanne hõlmab 10 ELi liikmesriigi kollektiivläbirääkimiste süsteeme ning põhineb juhtumitel, mis on tuvastatud vestlustel riikliku tasandi...

31 august 2022
Publication
Research report
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Osana oma ülesandest edendada sotsiaaldialoogi on Eurofound jälginud ja analüüsinud töösuhete süsteemide arengut Euroopa Liidu tasandil ja Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikides üle 40 aasta. Juhtalgatuste aruanne põhineb tööl, mida tehti selles...

11 detsember 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

    Research officer,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (517)

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2022, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the policy responses of governments to inflation and how inflation has featured in

    05 May 2023

    In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

    29 March 2023

    This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

    20 March 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    20 December 2022

    This document examines the process of assessing the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. It summarises the findings from a comprehensive study on representativeness in this sector. The study identifies ETF, ECA an

    20 December 2022

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the textile and clothing sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

    20 December 2022

    This document examines the process of assessing the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the textile and clothing sector. It summarises the findings from a comprehensive study on representativeness in this sector. The study identifies Indus

    20 December 2022

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    02 December 2022

    Aruanne koostatakse kolmeaastase katseprojekti (2021–2023) „Miinimumpalga roll üldise töögarantii kehtestamisel“ raames, mille Euroopa Komisjon on delegeerinud Eurofoundile. See keskendub projekti 3. moodulile, milles uuritakse miinimumpalka ja füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjate muid palgavorme. Teatud

    30 November 2022

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the Food and drink sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

    23 November 2022

    Online resources results (1688)

    EU level: Latest developments in working life Q2 2020

    Activities of the European Commission and social partners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the high-level hearing on implementing the European Pillar of Social Rights and a fair EU minimum wage initiative are the main topics of interest in this article. This EU update reports on the latest

    EU level: Latest developments in working life in light of the COVID-19 pandemic - Q1 2020

    In early March 2020, working life in EU Member States came under enormous pressure due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease and the precautionary measures taken by governments in subsequent weeks. This article gives a brief overview of the first reactions of European institutions and some of

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    EU seeks views on the minimum wage

    Against a background of growing polarisation, it is worth remembering the model of social dialogue that allows us each year to debate and reach thousands of agreements that start from different and distant positions and interests.

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    To have or have not: A statutory minimum wage

    ​​​​​​​Cyprus and Italy are currently considering the introduction of a universal minimum wage floor by law. With this move, they would be joining 22 other EU Member States that already have one in place. In the remaining Member States – Austria, Denmark, Finland and Sweden – and in Norway, too, min

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    Summer time arrangements in the EU: A tripartite outlook on ‘Cloxit’

    On 31 March 2019, clocks across the EU will go forward one hour, a Union-wide event since 2002. However, the European Commission has proposed abolishing the bi-annual hour change, an idea favoured by the vast majority of respondents in a public consultation. This article discusses reactions by

    Sweden: latest working life developments Q2 2018

    A historic agreement on industrial action regulations and a narrowing gender pay gap are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2018.

    Italy: Increasing fragmentation in collective bargaining at sectoral level

    The increasing fragmentation of sectoral agreements in Italy is highlighted in a report, released in November 2017, by the tripartite National Economic and Labour Council. It adds that decentralised bargaining increasingly deals with performance-related pay and welfare benefits. Although this

    Czech Republic: Attitudes to shorter working hours and flexible working

    There is a growing debate in the Czech Republic over moves to shorten working hours and introduce flexible forms of work to improve people’s work–life balance. This has been sparked by research showing that even though employees, especially men, tend to work long hours, labour productivity and


    Blogs results (18)
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    The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

    28 märts 2018
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    Measures to promote gender pay transparency haven’t been delivered yet in half of Europe – making EU level legislative action to speed up implementation an option. In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Christine Aumayr-Pintar details what we know about the measures from countries that ha

    28 veebruar 2018
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    Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

    6 juuni 2017
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    The growth in average (nominal) pay of employees has accelerated in recent years in EU countries after a slump following the economic crisis. Similar developments show up in data on collectively agreed wages. However, higher wage growth figures do not automatically mean that all employees benefit eq

    27 veebruar 2017
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    Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

    3 oktoober 2016
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    On the eve of the 11th International Labour and Employment Relations Association (ILERA) European Congress, we look at the issue of representativeness in Europe, and how ensuring that workers and employers are fairly represented at EU-level is an important aspect of European democracy.

    7 september 2016
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    The European Union (EU) has strong legislation in place that protects workers from being exploited and also enables businesses to engage in fair competition. Workers are mobile and can move freely within the EU single market across borders – without being dependent upon traffickers. Yet, the latest

    3 Mai 2016
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    ​Nowadays we all know that long or excessive working hours may have serious negative impacts on a person’s health and wellbeing. Eurofound‘s new report 'Working time developments in the 21st century' suggests that if working time standards are mainly left to legislation or to be set unilaterally by

    4 märts 2016

    Upcoming publications results (8)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    July 2025

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the political context in 2023; updates on the social partners and social dialogue ins

    July 2024

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    When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.