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Töösuhted

Ametiühingud, tööandjate organisatsioonid ja avaliku sektori asutused – neil kõigil on töösuhte juhtimisel oma roll. Nad on Euroopa, riiklikul, valdkondlikul, piirkondlikul ja ettevõtte tasandil toimiva süsteemi omavahel seotud osad. Viimastel aastatel, kui tehnoloogia ja töövormid on arenenud pidevalt muutuvas majanduskeskkonnas, on töösuhete süsteemid seisnud silmitsi otsustava tähtsusega ülesannetega.

Euroopa Komisjon algatas 2015. aastal sellega seoses taas Euroopa sotsiaaldialoogi. 2016. aasta juunis tehtud ühisavalduses rõhutasid komisjon, Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu ja sotsiaalpartnerid selle tähtsust ELi tööhõive- ja sotsiaalpoliitika kujundajana.

Topic

Recent updates

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This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes...

26 juuni 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eurofoundi töö

Eurofoundi on 40 aasta jooksul arendatud töösuhete suundumuste jälgimise ja analüüsimise peamise eksperdikeskusena. Muu hulgas on jälgitud ja analüüsitud Euroopa ja riikide tasandi sotsiaaldialoogi vahelisi seoseid. Tuginedes 28 ELi liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku teadmistele, on kajastatud kõikides liikmesriikides ja ELis tervikuna toimunud arengusuundumusi. 

Põhipanus

Eurofound on teinud EL 28s ja Norras valitsevate töösuhete kohta mitmesuguseid võrdlevaid analüüse, koostanud artikleid ja korraldanud juhtumiuuringuid ning korrapäraselt ajakohastanud asjaomaste teemade andmebaase.

Hiljutises uuringus antakse ülevaade 21. sajandi Euroopa töösuhete süsteemide asjakohastest põhimõõtmetest ja -näitajatest ning kirjeldatakse neid. Teiseks vaadeldakse, kuidas sotsiaalpartnerid on ELis ja Norras uurinud uusi teemasid, vahendeid ja innovatiivseid käsitlusviise, et lahendada viimastel aastatel tekkinud paljusid uusi poliitilisi, õiguslikke ja sotsiaalseid probleeme.

Tasustamine ja tööaeg on endiselt suurt huvi pakkuvad valdkonnad, mis igal aastal uuesti läbi vaadatakse. Üks tasustamisega seotud hiljutine uus uurimisteema keskendub seadusjärgse miinimumpalga tasemetele ELis, teine aga kollektiivsetele palgaläbirääkimistele.

Eurofound on 2006. aastast alates on Eurofound korraldanud Euroopa Komisjoni antud volituste alusel Euroopa valdkondlike sotsiaalpartnerite organisatsioonide representatiivsuse uuringuid.

Ressursid

Tööelu arengu aruandlus

Eurofound pakub jälgimis- ja aruandlusvahendite kaudu süstemaatilisi ja võrreldavaid andmeid riikide töösuhete süsteemide ja tööelu arengu kohta, tuginedes 28 liikmesriigis ja Norras asuvate Euroopa korrespondentide võrgustiku tööle.

Key outputs

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktoober 2023
Publication
Research report
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Miinimumpalga 2023. aasta ülevaade koostati enneolematu üleeuroopalise inflatsiooni kontekstis. Kuigi see tõi paljudes riikides kaasa nominaalpalkade märkimisväärse tõusu, ei piisanud sellest sageli, et säilitada töötajate ostujõud. Viimase kümnendi arengute põhjal...

29 juuni 2023
Publication
Research report
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Käesolevas aruandes analüüsitakse kollektiivläbirääkimiste protsesside ja tulemuste hiljutisi arenguid ja uusi tavasid, peamiselt erasektoris. Aruanne hõlmab 10 ELi liikmesriigi kollektiivläbirääkimiste süsteeme ning põhineb juhtumitel, mis on tuvastatud vestlustel riikliku tasandi...

31 august 2022
Publication
Research report
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Osana oma ülesandest edendada sotsiaaldialoogi on Eurofound jälginud ja analüüsinud töösuhete süsteemide arengut Euroopa Liidu tasandil ja Euroopa Liidu liikmesriikides üle 40 aasta. Juhtalgatuste aruanne põhineb tööl, mida tehti selles...

11 detsember 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

    Research officer,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (517)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the private security sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

    05 November 2019

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the insurance sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    07 October 2019

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the banking sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    07 October 2019

    This biennial review charts developments in a range of working time issues in the EU and Norway in 2017–2018. It finds that while the average collectively agreed working week across the EU remains unchanged since 2016 – at 38 hours – there was a slight decrease in the past two years in the 15 Member

    03 October 2019

    This report – the latest in an annual series – describes the main developments in industrial relations and the regulations affecting working conditions at EU level and in the EU Member States and Norway during 2018. Based on data from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, it presents information

    02 October 2019

    In most EU Member States, reviews of the statutory minimum wage rates spark a great deal of public interest. Such reviews affect the wider workforce, beyond those workers on the statutory minimum wage. Pay rates in collective agreements may be adapted in response to an increase in the minimum wage

    04 June 2019

    This report investigates the involvement of the national social partners in the design and implementation of reforms and policies in the context of the European Semester and countryspecific recommendations 2017–2018. In line with previous reports on the same theme, it also analyses the quality of

    23 May 2019

    Living and working in Europe 2015–2018 brings together Eurofound’s work on the quality of life, work and employment of EU citizens over the last four years of the outgoing European Parliament and Commission. It has a been a period of economic expansion, growing employment and rising living standards

    20 May 2019

    Seniority systems – schemes that allot improving employment rights or benefits to employees as their length of employment increases – have not been widely studied. This report provides the first comprehensive study comparing the design and spread of seniority-based entitlements (SBEs) in Europe and

    17 April 2019

    In the context of ongoing negotiations at EU level on adopting a work–life balance package for families and caregivers, Eurofound was requested by the European Commission to provide an update of the available data regarding paternity and parental leave for fathers. This report presents the currently

    07 February 2019

    Online resources results (1688)

    Netherlands: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The increase in wages, rise in self-employed workers, and new reports on the state of the labour market and works councils are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the Netherlands in the third quarter of 2016.

    Lithuania: Job quality and working conditions of home care workers

    As part of an 18-month project to examine employment and demand for services in Lithuania’s elderly care sector, researchers have carried out a survey that highlights the low wages and poor working conditions of the sector. Despite this, the findings indicate that workers in the sector report a high

    Germany: Compromise struck on new temporary agency work legislation

    A revised bill on temporary agency work and service work, set to be passed by the German Federal Government in early March 2016, was finally passed by Parliament in October and awaits approval by the Federal Council. It contains limitations on the use of temporary agency work, but also provides room

    Ireland: New paternity leave law could benefit up to 40,000 fathers

    It is estimated that between 30,000 and 40,000 fathers a year will apply for the new paternity leave benefit which entitles a ‘relevant parent’ to claim two weeks’ continuous paid leave from his or her employment within 26 weeks of the birth/adoption of their child.

    Greece: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Negotiations between Greece and the Troika on labour market reform in the area of collective redundancies, collective action and collective bargaining and the position of the peak social partners are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments

    Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

    Malta: Airline pilots right to strike disputed

    A court injunction preventing Air Malta’s pilots from striking was overturned on appeal in July 2016. The pilots had threatened action over a lack of information on the company’s restructuring plans. A civil court upheld the company’s claim that the action would jeopardise the company, but the

    Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Government measures to support employment, the representativeness of the social partner organisations, and the social partners’ failure to agree on an increase in minimum insurance thresholds are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

    Malta: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The restructuring exercise at Air Malta, which is nearing its end, and the changes to the Industrial Tribunal are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Malta in the third quarter of 2016.

    Ireland: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The establishment of a Labour Employer Economic Forum, pay disputes involving the police and teachers, and the resolution of pay disputes by Dublin bus and tram drivers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Ireland


    Blogs results (18)
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    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

    15 juuni 2022
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    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

    28 oktoober 2020
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    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 aprill 2020
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    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 jaanuar 2020
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    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

    20 november 2019
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    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 november 2019
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    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

    17 juuli 2019
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    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across E

    17 aprill 2019
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    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Mai 2018

    Upcoming publications results (8)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    July 2025

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

    June 2024

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