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Työolot ja kestävä työ

Yksi Eurofoundin vuosien 2021–2024 työohjelman kuudesta keskeisestä teemasta on työolot ja kestävä työ. Eurofound jatkaa työtään tämän alan kehityksen seurannan ja analysoinnin asiantuntijakeskuksena. Työnsä yhteydessä se myös arvioi, miten covid-19-kriisi on vaikuttanut työoloihin ja työn laatuun sekä työskentelykäytäntöihin.

Eurofound tuottaa vuosina 2021–2024 tärkeää tietoa haasteista ja tulevaisuudennäkymistä, joita työoloihin ja kestävään työhön EU:ssa liittyy. Se tarkastelee suuntauksia ja ajan mittaan tapahtuvaa edistymistä sekä määrittää työolojen ja työn laadun yhteydessä esiin nousevia ongelmia. Tässä se hyödyntää vakiintunutta asiantuntemustaan alalta. Analyysissa käsitellään eri maita, sektoreita, ammatteja ja työntekijäryhmiä. Sen aiheita ovat muun muassa työn järjestäminenja etätyö,työaika, työ- ja yksityiselämän yhteensovittaminen, yhdenvertainen kohtelu, työterveys ja työhyvinvointi, osaaminen ja koulutus, ansiot ja uranäkymätsekä työtyytyväisyys. Erityisesti keskitytään epätyypilliseen työhön, etenkin itsenäiseen ammatinharjoittamiseen.

Ikääntyvä väestö aiheuttaa EU:lle demografisen haasteen ja työelämä moninaistuu jatkuvasti. Siksi Eurofound tekee jatkossakin selvitystä tekijöistä, joiden avulla työntekijät pystyisivät pysymään pidempään töissä. Se kiinnit,ää erityistä huomiota myös työn laadun parantamiseen keinona laajentaa työmarkkinaosallistumista ja lisätä työntekijöiden motivaatiota. Näin edistetään kestävää työtä koko eliniän ajan.

Työn ja terveyden välisiä yhteyksiä tutkitaan tiiviissä yhteistyössä Euroopan työterveys- ja työturvallisuusviraston (EU-OSHA) kanssa. Eurofound pyrkii kehittämään yhteistyötään Kansainvälisen työjärjestön (ILO) kanssa työn tulevaisuutta ja työoloja koskevissa maailmanlaajuisissa kysymyksissä.

”Uutiset ovat yleisesti ottaen hyviä, koska työolot Euroopan unionissa ovat paranemassa – vaikkakin hitaasti – mutta huolestuttavaa on se, että paraneminen ei välttämättä koske kaikkia työntekijäryhmiä. Se riippuu hyvin paljon työskentelysektorista, se riippuu koulutustasosta ja rehellisesti sanoen se riippuu myös sukupuolesta.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, työelämäyksikön päällikkö

Topic

Recent updates

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Keskeiset poliittiset viestit

Infografiikka 2021

Päätöksentekijät saavat Eurofoundin tutkimuksen tärkeimmistä havainnoista tietoa, jonka avulla he voivat puuttua alan keskeisiin ongelmiin.

  • Työolojen parantaminen on ratkaisevan tärkeää niin työntekijöille kuin työnantajille. Työn laadussa on otettava huomioon useita eri näkökohtia. Laadukas työ antaa ihmisille mahdollisuuden työuran pidentämiseen ja parantamiseen, mikä edistää kestävää työtä ja työ- ja yksityiselämän yhteensovittamista.
  • Työolot EU:ssa paranevat yleisesti, vaikka edistystä tapahtuukin vähitellen. Kaikkien työntekijäryhmien osalta edistys ei ole ollut yhtä nopeaa: vauhti riippuu työsopimuksen tyypistä, toimialasta ja koulutustasosta.
  • Työoloja ja työn laatua voidaan parantaa EU:ssa monin tavoin. Hallituksilla on tietenkin tärkeä tehtävä puitteiden luomisessa lainsäädännön avulla. Mutta myös työntekijät ja työnantajat organisaatioineen ovat tärkeitä toimijoita. Monissa työn laatua koskevissa näkökohdissa muutos tapahtuu juuri työpaikalla.
  • Ainoastaan viidesosa eurooppalaisista yrityksistä on pystynyt yhdistämään parhaan mahdollisen työhyvinvoinnin ja tuloksellisen liiketoiminnan. Tulokset ovat osoittautuneet parhaiksi sekä työntekijöiden että työnantajien kannalta työpaikoilla, joilla sekä investoimisen että osallistumisen taso on korkea. Niillä lisätään tehokkuutta ja parannetaan työn laatua antamalla työntekijöille entistä enemmän päätösvaltaa omasta työstään, helpottamalla työntekijöiden osallistumista ja edistämällä koulutusta ja oppimista.
  • Monien ihmisten on hankalaa yhdistää työhön liittyviä velvollisuuksia ja muun elämän sitoumuksia. Tämä koskee erityisesti lasten vanhempia ja muita läheishoitajia. Joustavat työjärjestelyt voivat auttaa näiden vaikeuksien selättämisessä, mutta ne aiheuttavat myös haasteita. Esimerkiksi etätyö lisää vapautta valita työskentelyaika ja -paikka, mutta se voi myös pidentää työaikaa ja tehdä työstä raskaampaa. Työstä on myös vaikeampi irrottautua.
  • Etätyön lisääntyminen covid-19-pandemian aikana on korostanut työ- ja yksityiselämän välisen rajan hämärtymistä. Monet hallitukset ja työmarkkinaosapuolet keskustelevat ”oikeus irrottautua” -aloitteista, jotta voidaan estää laajojen työntekijäsegmenttien mahdollinen fyysinen ja henkinen uupuminen.
  • Jatkossa työmarkkinaosapuolten on pyrittävä sisällyttämään säännöksiä, jotka koskevat työntekijöiden etätyön vapaaehtoisuutta tai tiettyjen tehtävien soveltuvuutta etätyöhön, kaikkiin oikeudellisiin kehyksiin tai sopimuksiin. On myös ratkaisevan tärkeää selkeyttää, miten työnantajat voivat osallistua etätyöhön liittyviin kustannuksiin. Yhtä tärkeitä ovat takeet samasta palkasta ja koulutusmahdollisuuksista etätyötä tekeville.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (568)

The number of workers living with chronic health conditions is rising in the EU. Such conditions affect people’s ability to work to varying degrees. While some are unable to continue working, many wish to and would be able to do so if their workplace made adaptations to accommodate their needs.

15 October 2019

This biennial review charts developments in a range of working time issues in the EU and Norway in 2017–2018. It finds that while the average collectively agreed working week across the EU remains unchanged since 2016 – at 38 hours – there was a slight decrease in the past two years in the 15 Member

03 October 2019

This report – the latest in an annual series – describes the main developments in industrial relations and the regulations affecting working conditions at EU level and in the EU Member States and Norway during 2018. Based on data from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, it presents information

02 October 2019

Upward convergence is a process whereby the performance of EU Member States in a given domain or range of domains is seen to improve while gaps between Member States reduce. Achieving upward convergence is of crucial importance to the EU, as the increase of disparities among Member States threatens

25 September 2019

Platform work emerged onto European labour markets about a decade ago. While still small in scale, it is growing and evolving into a variety of forms. Different types of platform work have significantly different effects on the employment and working conditions of the affiliated workers.

23 September 2019

In most EU Member States, reviews of the statutory minimum wage rates spark a great deal of public interest. Such reviews affect the wider workforce, beyond those workers on the statutory minimum wage. Pay rates in collective agreements may be adapted in response to an increase in the minimum wage

04 June 2019

Living and working in Europe 2015–2018 brings together Eurofound’s work on the quality of life, work and employment of EU citizens over the last four years of the outgoing European Parliament and Commission. It has a been a period of economic expansion, growing employment and rising living standards

20 May 2019

This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies a greater number of people in employment who can remain in the workforce for longer. The

13 May 2019

Job quality is a major focus of policymakers around the world. For workers, the enterprises that employ them and for societies, there are benefits associated with high-quality jobs, and costs associated with poor-quality jobs. This report – the result of a pioneering project by the International

06 May 2019

This report addresses the rarely discussed issue of rest breaks at work across the European Union. Based on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, it reveals some of the complexities involved in defining whether such breaks should be paid or unpaid, how long they should be and where

01 May 2019

Online resources results (1778)

Germany: Compromise struck on new temporary agency work legislation

A revised bill on temporary agency work and service work, set to be passed by the German Federal Government in early March 2016, was finally passed by Parliament in October and awaits approval by the Federal Council. It contains limitations on the use of temporary agency work, but also provides room

Ireland: New paternity leave law could benefit up to 40,000 fathers

It is estimated that between 30,000 and 40,000 fathers a year will apply for the new paternity leave benefit which entitles a ‘relevant parent’ to claim two weeks’ continuous paid leave from his or her employment within 26 weeks of the birth/adoption of their child.

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Government measures to support employment, the representativeness of the social partner organisations, and the social partners’ failure to agree on an increase in minimum insurance thresholds are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Malta: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The restructuring exercise at Air Malta, which is nearing its end, and the changes to the Industrial Tribunal are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Malta in the third quarter of 2016.

Belgium: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The definition of hazardous jobs, measures to promote youth employment, a series of collective redundancies and proposals to alter wage formation are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the third quarter of

Italy: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new legal framework for call centres, the issue of work-related fatalities, contract renewals – especially in the large retail and textile sectors – and pension reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Italy

Hungary: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Proposals on how to tackle labour shortages, a strike by municipal employees for higher wages, and mounting tensions around reforms to education and vocational training are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Hungary

Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Good news on unemployment, criticism by social partners of sanctions on Portugal for breaking EU rules on the public deficit, and talks on increasing the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Portugal

Romania: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

Protests and strikes, the transposition of European directives on labour relations, a wage policy to encourage some workers and attempts to improve some public sector salaries are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in


Blogs results (61)
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 kesäkuu 2021
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The massive and rapid adoption of telework in 2020 in response to the COVID-19 lockdowns exposed gaps in the legislation governing telework arrangements across the EU Member States. In some cases, there was no regulation in place; in others, it was too restrictive. Governments scrambled to put

31 toukokuu 2021
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Standard employment is not simply being replaced by non-standard work; employment is becoming more diverse, and policy must accordingly become more tailored. The last decade has seen much public and policy debate on the future of work. Standard employment – permanent, full-time and subject to labour

15 joulukuu 2020
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​​​​​​​With remote working becoming the new normal for many workers, it is surely the case that many employers are anxious to ensure that their employees are putting in full working days. Companies are likely to be investing in and deploying digital technologies for tracking employee performance

9 joulukuu 2020
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 joulukuu 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 lokakuu 2020
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The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

1 huhtikuu 2020
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Health professionals – doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, paramedics, ambulance workers – are in the vanguard of the battle against COVID-19. They are the ones dealing with sick people, triaging, testing and treating them. They are the ones confronting suffering and death. While some of their

31 maaliskuu 2020
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We hear more and more about the platform economy, with the debate often revolving around the potential long-term implications of its growth on the labour market and the impact on traditional and established businesses and industries.

28 tammikuu 2020

Upcoming publications results (3)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024
Data results (1)

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