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Warunki i jakość życia

Warunki i jakość życia to jeden z sześciu obszarów ujętych w programie prac Eurofound na lata 2021-2024. Eurofound będzie nadal opisywać i analizować kluczowe aspekty dotyczące poprawy warunków życia ludności w Europie, co obejmuje także informacje o tym, jak postrzegana jest jakość życia i społeczeństwo. Pandemia COVID-19 i związany z nią kryzys gospodarczy miały ogromny wpływ na życie obywateli i dlatego Eurofound będzie nadal badać wpływ tego kryzysu na obywateli UE na różnych etapach życia.

W latach 2021-2024 badania prowadzone przez Eurofound pozwolą nam uzyskać cenny wgląd w wyzwania i perspektywy związane z warunkami i jakością życia w UE oraz lepiej zrozumieć rolę, jaką odgrywają różne inicjatywy ukierunkowane na zmniejszanie trudności społecznych w różnych grupach obywateli. Szczególna uwaga zostanie poświęcona skutkom obecnego kryzysu dla osób starszych i opieki nad nimi, młodzieży i kwestii ich integracji i mobilności społecznej, a także różnicom w skutkach kryzysu dla mężczyzn i kobiet .

Niezwykle ważną rolę do odegrania w reakcji na kryzys związany z COVID-19 w całej Unii miały usługi publiczne , które musiały się zmierzyć z dużymi wyzwaniami. Działanie usług publicznych zostanie poddane szczegółowej ocenie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem takich kwestii, jak jakość, dostępność i przystępność cenowa. Jak wykazały wcześniejsze badania, kryzys miał nieporównywalnie większy wpływ na pewne grupy społeczne (wyodrębnione na podstawie wieku, obowiązków związanych z opieką oraz równowagi między życiem a pracą zawodową) i te różnice zostaną dokładniej przeanalizowane przez Eurofound.

Eurofound, we współpracy z Europejskim Instytutem ds. Równości Kobiet i Mężczyzn (EIGE), zamierza przeprowadzić badania nad wielowymiarowością różnic w sytuacji kobiet i mężczyzn, analizując wpływ kryzysu związanego z COVID-19 na mężczyzn i kobiety w obszarze zatrudnienia, materialnych warunków życia oraz dobrostanu. Celem tych analiz jest określenie różnic i ustalenie ich wpływu na równość płci.

„ Jakość usług publicznych odgrywa kluczową rolę w budowaniu zaufania do różnych instytucji współczesnej Europy i tak samo duże znaczenie będzie miała dla stawienia czoła obecnym i przyszłym wyzwaniom. Jakość usług to także obszar, w którym można wprowadzić wiele innowacji, zwłaszcza takich, dzięki którym system usług będzie bardziej zdigitalizowany, ekologiczny i odpowiednio przygotowany na zagrożenia, np. przyszłe pandemie”.

Tadas Leončikas, starszy kierownik ds. badań, Dział Polityki Społecznej

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Kluczowe przesłania polityczne

Infografika

Główne wyniki badań prowadzonych przez Eurofound dostarczają decydentom informacji, które pomagają im reagować na kluczowe kwestie w danym obszarze.

  • Postrzeganie napięć w społeczeństwie ma najbardziej szkodliwy wpływ na zaufanie do instytucji, podczas gdy postrzegana jakość usług publicznych jest głównym źródłem większego zaufania do instytucji.
  • Konieczne jest zapewnienie długoterminowej opieki w większym zakresie i o większym stopniu elastyczności. Tak samo potrzebne jest zapewnienie większej dostępności opieki domowej i wsparcia, zwłaszcza w państwach członkowskich, gdzie dochód obywateli jest najniższy.
  • Szybki dostęp do podstawowej opieki zdrowotnej, opieki społecznej oraz opieki długoterminowej pozwala na wczesną interwencję i monitorowanie zmieniających się potrzeb, a także umożliwia zapobieganie eskalacji problemów z opieką długoterminową.
  • Rośnie liczba problemów ze zdrowiem psychicznym wśród młodych ludzi, choć nie jest jasne, czy jest to kwestia zwiększonego występowania takich schorzeń, czy skutek większej świadomości społecznej i lepszej diagnostyki. Kwestie zdrowia psychicznego są ściśle powiązane z innymi kwestiami dotyczącymi młodzieży – mogą one być zarówno skutkiem, jak i przyczyną nierówności. Wśród czynników ryzyka zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego można wymienić między innymi niepełnosprawność oraz długotrwałą chorobę, problemy rodzinne, problemy w relacjach z rówieśnikami oraz nadużywanie mediów społecznościowych.
  • Choć od czasu kryzysu finansowego poziom zaufania i spójność społeczna w UE wróciły do dawnego poziomu, to pojawienie się COVID-19 miało znaczny wpływ na dobrostan obywateli w krajach najbardziej dotkniętych pandemią.
  • Wskutek ograniczeń epidemiologicznych najbardziej ucierpiały między innymi osoby młode, które wraz z osobami bez pracy deklarują najniższy poziom dobrostanu, mimo że od początku pandemii nastąpiła pewna poprawa w tym względzie. Chociaż od kwietnia 2020 r. wzrósł poziom optymizmu i zadowolenia z życia, młodzi ludzie nadal czują się wykluczeni ze społeczeństwa i pozostają najbardziej narażeni na depresję – to pokazuje, że ograniczenia w przemieszczaniu się (tzw. lockdown) mają na nich większy wpływ.
  • Jeśli wystąpią kolejne fale epidemii COVID-19, kluczowe znacznie będą mieć środki służące ograniczeniu zagrożeń dla zdrowia psychicznego osób bezrobotnych i młodych. Do bieżących działań z zakresu polityki musi należeć zapewnienie ukierunkowanego wsparcia, aby umożliwić osobom poszukującym pracy powrót na właściwe tory i poradzenie sobie ze skutkami pandemii, a także zapewnienie młodym ludziom możliwości pełnego uczestnictwa w życiu społecznym.
  • Kryzys związany z COVID-19 miał większy wpływ na obniżenie poziomu optymizmu i równowagę między życiem osobistym a zawodowym u kobiet niż u mężczyzn. Naprawa tych szkód będzie miała zasadnicze znaczenie dla zagwarantowania, żeby kobiety nie ponosiły nieproporcjonalnie wysokich kosztów pandemii.
  • Utrzymanie zaufania społecznego do instytucji krajowych i europejskich musi pozostać w czasie kryzysu kluczowym celem, ponieważ przestrzeganie środków kontroli pandemii COVID-19 zależy w dużej mierze od poziomu zaufania do instytucji i doradztwa naukowego. Wzrost poziomów zaufania instytucjonalnego deklarowanego przez respondentów, którzy skorzystali ze środków wsparcia, również daje jasny sygnał dla rządów krajowych i dla UE.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Styczeń 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Rok 2022 przywitaliśmy z ostrożnym optymizmem. Europa wychodziła z dwuletniej pandemii COVID-19, a program NextGenerationEU nakreślił plan odbudowy dla stworzenia silnej i zrównoważonej przyszłości. Jednak rosyjski atak na Ukrainę na...

4 Maj 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

This report aims to improve understanding of the true cost of inadequate housing to EU Member States and to suggest policy initiatives that might help address its social and financial consequences.

04 August 2016

European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour

27 July 2016

Throughout Europe families have felt the effects of the economic crisis that began in 2008. This report describes their experience in the aftermath of the crisis, up to the present. It looks in detail at developments in 10 Member States that were selected to represent different types of family

27 January 2016

Freedom of movement across Member States is one of the core values of the European Union and is closely linked to European citizenship. There is, however, a heated debate in many of the host Member States about the impact of the rising inflow of mobile citizens on their public services.

10 December 2015

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at mobility and migration in the EU. It reviews the policy background and the practical issues that relate to movement between EU countries by EU citizens and into the EU from third countries.

10 December 2015

Migration is a major policy concern at national and European level. However, while Member States have put in place specific regulations to deal with certain aspects, the overall architecture of migration-related policies is perceived as a challenge. In recent months, the significant inflow of

10 December 2015

Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or

23 September 2015

Many people in Europe do not receive the social benefits to which they are entitled. This is the case across countries and for many types of benefits. Addressing this ‘non-take-up’ of benefits is critical for two key reasons: benefits do not fulfil their objective if they do not reach the people

21 September 2015

This report explores the growing role of the private sector in the provision of public services in the EU. The research is based on sector-specific case studies carried out in Lithuania, Spain, Sweden and the UK. It focuses specifically on social services of general interest (SSGIs) in the areas of

17 September 2015

Online resources results (219)

Work and employment in the creative industries

The study carried out by Joanneum Research [1] and FORBA [2] investigated areas such as working conditions, career paths and strategies for coping with work pressure. [1] http://www.joanneum.at [2] http://www.forba.at

High levels of stress among sales workers and cashiers

On 19 July 2006, the Department of Safety, Health and Environment and the Working Women’s Department of the Cyprus Workers’ Confederation (Συνομοσπονδία Εργαζομένων Κύπρου, SΕΚ [1]) published a nationally representative study entitled /Safety and health in the workplace: Reconciliation of family and

Employment rates of women and men with children

The nationwide research programme ‘Increasing the attractiveness of working life’, conducted as part of the VETO programme (in Finnish) [1] under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health [2] (Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö), has financed projects which focus on employees who are

Barriers to reconciling work and family life identified

Towards the end of 2006, the Spanish Social and Economic Council (Consejo Económico y Social, CES [1]) presented in its quarterly bulletin an analysis on the issue of reconciling work and family life in Spain. This study is based on a special module (in Spanish) [2] within the Labour Force Survey

Not much flexibility in working time arrangements

In August 2005, the National Statistics Office (NSO [1]) published survey findings in a news release [2] outlining the different working time [3] arrangements of workers in the Maltese labour market. As it is possible to measure working time arrangements in various ways, the NSO report recorded the

Case studies document practical experience of teleworking

In March 2005, the Employment and Training Corporation (ETC [1]) published the findings of a research project entitled ‘An enabling framework for telework’ (425Kb PDF) [2]. The study provides details of the current local situation with regard to telework [3] and identifies the developmental changes

Cooperation between employers and employees regarding parental leave

Interrupting one’s career to take parental leave has been an option in the Czech Republic, in comparison with other European countries, for a relatively long period of time. Until a child reaches the age of three years, employees with children are guaranteed the possibility of returning to their

Good practice in reconciling work and family life

The National Thematic Network on reconciliation of family and working life was set up in 2003 for the purpose of highlighting good practice developed after completion of national projects financed under the European Commission’s EQUAL Initiative [1]. The network aimed to further disseminate these

Impact of income on childcare and work–life balance

To combine work and family life represents a highly complex task for families with young children, in particular for working parents with children below school age. Working parents face challenges in relation to their work, such as forced part-time work [1], shift and weekend work, as well as in

Factors influencing take-up of paternity leave

In the summer of 2006, a report published by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC [1]) revealed new research on the take-up of parental leave. The report follows on from previous studies investigating the perspectives of fathers and mothers in this context, and focuses on fathers’ attitudes to


Blogs results (32)
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Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on s

23 Czerwiec 2021
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Grudzień 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 Październik 2020
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour an

3 Czerwiec 2020
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While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

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The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Maj 2019
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Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Czerwiec 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Październik 2023
Reference period:

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