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Condițiile de viață și calitatea vieții

„Condițiile de viață și calitatea vieții” reprezintă una dintre cele șase activități principale ale programului de lucru al Eurofound pentru perioada 2021-2024. Eurofound va continua să cartografieze și să analizeze principalele aspecte legate de îmbunătățirea condițiilor de viață ale cetățenilor europeni, luând în calcul și informațiile privind percepția acestora asupra calității vieții și a societății. Deoarece pandemia de COVID-19 și criza economică provocată de aceasta au afectat profund viețile oamenilor, Eurofound va analiza mai în detaliu impactul acestei crize asupra cetățenilor Uniunii în diferite etape ale vieții.

În perioada 2021-2024, cercetările Eurofound vor oferi informații importante despre provocările și perspectivele legate de condițiile de viață și de calitatea vieții în UE, precum și despre rolul jucat de diferitele inițiative menite să atenueze greutățile de natură socială cu care se confruntă diversele categorii de cetățeni. Prezintă un interes deosebit implicațiile pentru vârstnici și nevoile lor de îngrijire, implicațiile pentru tineri și incluziunea și mobilitatea lor socială, precum și diversele consecințe ale crizei asupra bărbaților și femeilor .

Serviciile publice din întreaga UE au avut un rol important în gestionarea crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19, deși s-au confruntat cu provocări semnificative. Ele vor fi evaluate mai în detaliu, cu accent pe aspecte precum calitatea, accesul și accesibilitatea acestora. După cum au arătat constatările anterioare, această criză a avut efecte disproporționate asupra anumitor categorii de persoane, în funcție de vârstă, de responsabilitățile de îngrijire și de echilibrul între viața profesională și cea privată , iar Eurofound va analiza aceste aspecte mai amănunțit.

Acționând în mod coordonat cu Institutul European pentru Egalitatea de Șanse între Femei și Bărbați (EIGE), Eurofound intenționează să cerceteze problema disparităților de gen multidimensionale prin investigarea impactului crizei provocate de pandemia de COVID-19 asupra bărbaților și a femeilor, din perspectiva participării la ocuparea forței de muncă, a condițiilor de viață materiale și a bunăstării, cu scopul de a identifica diferențele și a evalua efectul crizei asupra disparităților de gen.

„ Calitatea serviciilor publice a fost și este esențială pentru clădirea încrederii în instituțiile din Europa contemporană și va rămâne crucială pentru depășirea provocărilor actuale și viitoare. Asigurarea unor servicii de calitate este și un domeniu deschis inovației, în special în ceea ce privește trecerea la servicii digitale mai ecologice, precum și pregătirea pentru riscuri viitoare, similare pandemiei.”

Tadas Leončikas, director de cercetare principal, unitatea Politici Sociale

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 Mai 2024
Publication
Research report

Mesaje principale în sprijinul elaborării politicilor

Infografic

Principalele constatări rezultate în urma cercetărilor Eurofound îi ajută pe responsabilii de elaborarea politicilor să soluționeze câteva probleme esențiale din acest domeniu.

  • Tensiunile percepute în societate au impactul cel mai nociv asupra încrederii în instituții, în timp ce calitatea percepută a serviciilor publice reprezintă un factor esențial pentru creșterea încrederii în instituții.
  • Sunt necesare mai multe servicii de îngrijire pe termen lung și o mai mare flexibilitate în furnizarea lor. Serviciile de îngrijire și de asistență la domiciliu ar trebui să fie accesibile, în special în statele membre cu cele mai mici venituri din UE.
  • Accesul prompt la servicii de asistență medicală primară, la asistență socială și la îngrijire pe termen lung poate asigura intervenția timpurie și monitorizarea nevoilor în schimbare și poate preveni escaladarea problemelor legate de îngrijirea pe termen lung.
  • Se constată înmulțirea problemelor de sănătate mintală în rândul tinerilor, deși nu este clar dacă acest lucru se datorează incidenței mai mari sau unei mai bune conștientizări și diagnosticări. Problemele de sănătate mintală sunt strâns legate de alte probleme ale tinerilor și pot reprezenta atât un efect al inegalităților, cât și o sursă de inegalitate. Printre factorii de risc asociați problemelor de sănătate mintală se numără dizabilitățile și bolile cronice, problemele familiale, problemele legate de anturaj și utilizarea intensă a platformelor de comunicare socială.
  • Deși încrederea și coeziunea socială în UE au revenit în general la nivelul anterior crizei financiare, apariția pandemiei de COVID-19 a avut un impact semnificativ asupra bunăstării în țările cele mai afectate.
  • Tinerii se dovedesc a fi una dintre categoriile cele mai afectate de izolare: alături de persoanele fără un loc de muncă, tinerii declară cel mai scăzut nivel de bunăstare, în ciuda unei ușoare îmbunătățiri față de debutul pandemiei. Deși satisfacția cu privire la viață și optimismul au crescut față de aprilie 2020, tinerii continuă să se simtă excluși din societate și rămân cei mai expuși riscului de depresie, ceea ce arată că sunt afectați într-o mai mare măsură de restricțiile din perioada de izolare.
  • În eventualitatea unor valuri viitoare de infectări cu coronavirus, va fi esențial să se ia măsuri de diminuare a riscurilor pentru sănătatea mintală a șomerilor și a tinerilor ca urmare a pandemiei de COVID-19. Măsurile de politică actuale trebuie să includă acordarea de sprijin țintit persoanelor care caută un loc de muncă pentru a se redresa și a face față efectelor pandemiei, precum și asigurarea participării depline a tinerilor în societate.
  • Femeile au fost mai afectate de criza provocată de pandemia de COVID-19 decât bărbații din punctul de vedere al nivelului de optimism și al echilibrului între viața profesională și cea privată. Remedierea acestor probleme va fi esențială pentru a contracara impactul disproporționat al pandemiei asupra femeilor.
  • Păstrarea încrederii cetățenilor în instituțiile naționale și europene trebuie să rămână un obiectiv esențial în perioadele de criză, deoarece respectarea măsurilor de ținere sub control a răspândirii COVID-19 depinde în mare măsură de nivelul de încredere în instituții și în recomandările oamenilor de știință. Creșterea nivelului de încredere în instituții, declarată de respondenții care au beneficiat de măsuri de sprijin, transmite de asemenea un mesaj clar guvernelor naționale și Uniunii Europene.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Ianuarie 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Locuințele la prețuri inabordabile reprezintă un motiv de mare îngrijorare în UE. Problema duce la lipsa de adăpost, la insecuritate locativă, la dificultăți financiare și la locuințe inadecvate. De asemenea...

30 Mai 2023
Publication
Research report
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Anul 2022 a început cu un optimism prudent. Europa ieșea din cei doi ani ai pandemiei de COVID-19, iar NextGenerationEU prezenta un plan de redresare pentru construirea unui viitor puternic...

4 Mai 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

As Europe’s population ages, the number of adults needing long-term care is increasing. There are, however, persistent labour shortages in the health and social care sector; well-qualified staff are particularly lacking. At a time when unemployment across much of Europe is high, this study considers

10 September 2013

This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in the Netherlands. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to

10 September 2013

This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Denmark. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

10 September 2013

This country report gives an overview of the labour market policy in community-based care for adults with disabilities in Poland. The main topics discussed are the context in which community care labour market instruments are implemented, the funding structure, the strategies used to recruit new

10 September 2013

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

This document provides background information to the profiles on quality of life in seven EU enlargement countries that are published as individual papers – Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia . It identifies the countries that

01 September 2013

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

Online resources results (219)

Industry-wide collective agreements under increasing pressure

The 1999 Dutch collective bargaining round has seen moves by employers in sectors like construction, healthcare and banking towards replacing their relatively detailed sector-level collective agreements with either a framework agreement or a series of company agreements. By contrast, trade unions

Annualised hours agreements: service sector leads the way

Annualised hours have long been seen as a cost-efficient means of delivering labour flexibility in industries which are subject to varying levels of demand or which have extended operating times. The basic principle behind annualised hours contracts is that working time is defined in terms of the

Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

Churches rally against the 24-hour economy

In June 1998, churches in the Netherlands began a campaign against the "24-hour economy", claiming that this phenomenon damages the well-being of society. They have asked the Government not to wait, but to take immediate action. The initiative received both support and criticism. However, research

Pay trends in Italy since the July 1993 agreement

Italy's tripartite central agreement of 23 July 1993 laid the basis for the structural reduction of inflation and eventual entry into EU Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Following the agreement, wage increases were initially lower than the inflation rate, and dependent workers' share of the

New collective agreements signed in public services

In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

The trade unionist of the 1990s?

The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 Februarie 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 Decembrie 2015

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Octombrie 2023
Reference period:

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