Премини към основното съдържание
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Условия и качество на живот

Условията и качеството на живот е една от шестте основни дейности в работната програма на Eurofound за периода 2021—2024 г. Eurofound ще продължи да набелязва и анализира ключовите аспекти, свързани с подобряването на условията на живот на хората в Европа, включително информация за усещането им за качеството на живот и обществото. След като COVID-19 пандемията и последвалата икономическа криза засегнаха силно живота на хората, Eurofound ще продължи да проучва въздействието на кризата върху гражданите на ЕС през различните етапи от живота.

През периода 2021—2024 г. изследванията на Eurofound ще предоставят важна информация за предизвикателствата и перспективите в областта на условията и качеството на живот в ЕС и за ролята на различни инициативи, целящи облекчаване на социалните трудности, пред които са изправени различни групи от населението. От особен интерес са последиците за по-възрастните хора и нуждите им от грижи, младежите и тяхното социално приобщаване и социална мобилност, както и различните последици от кризата за мъжете и жените .

Обществените услуги в ЕС имаха важна роля за преодоляване на значителни трудности и справяне с извънредното положение поради пандемията от COVID-19. Съответно, те ще бъдат оценени подробно, като акцентът ще се постави върху въпроси като качество, достъп и достъпност. Както е видно от предишни констатации, последиците от кризата са неравномерно разпределени сред дадени групи в зависимост от възрастта, отговорностите за полагане на грижи и равновесието между професионалния и личния живот , поради това Eurofound ще извърши допълнителен анализ в тази посока.

В координация с Европейския институт за равенство между половете (EIGE), Eurofound планира да проучи неравенството между половете в много измерения чрез изследване на въздействието на кризата поради COVID-19 върху мъжете и жените в контекста на участието им в пазара на труда, материалните условия на живот и благосъстоянието с цел определяне на разликите и оценяване на последиците за неравенството между половете.

 

Качеството на обществените услуги е от ключово значение за създаването на доверие в институциите в съвременна Европа и ще бъде изключително важно за преодоляване на съществуващите и бъдещи предизвикателства. Предоставянето на качествени услуги е потенциална област за иновации, по-специално във връзка с преминаването към цифрови, по-екологични услуги и във връзка с готовността за справяне с рискове като пандемията в бъдеще.

— Tadas Leončikas, старши ръководител изследвания, отдел „Социални политики“

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Основни политически послания

Инфографика

Основните констатации от изследванията на Eurofound предоставят входящи данни на авторите на политики при решаването на някои от основните проблеми в тази област.

  • Усещането за напрежение в обществото има най-разрушително въздействие върху доверието в институциите, докато усещането за качеството на обществените услуги е основен двигател за по-голямо доверие в институциите.
  • Необходимо е предоставяне на дългосрочни грижи в по-голяма степен, с по-голяма гъвкавост. Домашните грижи и помощ трябва да станат по-достъпни, особено в държавите — членки на ЕС, където доходите са най-ниски.
  • Бързият достъп до първична медицинска помощ, социални грижи и дългосрочни грижи може да задейства ранна намеса и наблюдение на променящите се нужди и да предотврати ескалацията на проблемите по отношение на дългосрочните грижи.
  • Проблемите с психичното здраве се увеличават сред младите хора, въпреки че не е ясно дали това се дължи на по-голяма заболеваемост или на по-добра осведоменост и по-добро диагностициране. Психичното здраве е тясно свързано с други проблеми на младите хора и може да бъде както резултат, така и източник на неравенства. Рисковите фактори за проблеми с психичното здраве включват увреждания и продължителни заболявания, семейни проблеми, проблеми в отношенията с връстниците, както и прекомерно използване на социалните мрежи.
  • Въпреки че след финансовата криза нивото на доверие и социалното сближаване като цяло бяха възстановени в ЕС, началото на пандемията от COVID-19 оказа сериозно въздействие върху благосъстоянието в държавите, които са най-тежко засегнатите от нея.
  • Младите хора се очертават като едни от най-големите губещи групи вследствие на ограниченията на свободата на движение („локдаун“): заедно с безработните лица, за тях се отчитат най-ниски нива на благосъстояние, въпреки че има известно подобрение от началото на пандемията. Въпреки че удовлетвореността от живота и оптимизмът са се повишили от април 2020 г., младите хора продължават да се чувстват изключени от обществото и остават изложени на най-голям риск от депресия, което показва, че ограниченията на свободата на движение им се отразяват в по-голяма степен.
  • Мерките за намаляване на рисковете за психичното здраве сред безработните лица и младите хора след COVID-19 ще бъдат от решаващо значение в случай на следващи вълни на коронавируса. Да се осигури целенасочена подкрепа, която ще позволи на търсещите работа да се възстановят и да се справят с въздействието на пандемията, както и да се гарантира, че младите хора могат да участват пълноценно в обществото, трябва да бъдат част от текущите мерки на политиката.
  • COVID-19 понижи нивата на оптимизъм и засегна равновесието между професионалния и личния живот повече сред жените, отколкото сред мъжете. Отстраняването на това вредно въздействие ще бъде от решаващо значение, за да се гарантира, че жените не са несъразмерно ощетени от пандемията.
  • Поддържането на доверието на гражданите в националните и европейските институции трябва да остане ключов приоритет по време на криза, тъй като спазването на мерките за контрол на COVID-19 до голяма степен зависи от нивата на доверие в институциите и научните съвети. Увеличаването на нивата на институционално доверие, отчетено от анкетираните, които са се възползвали от мерките за подкрепа, също отправя ясно послание към националните правителства и ЕС.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 January 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Жилищата на недостъпни цени са повод за сериозна загриженост в ЕС. Това води до бездомничество, жилищна несигурност, финансово напрежение и неподходящи жилища. Това също така пречи на младите хора да...

30 May 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022 година започна с предпазлив оптимизъм. Европа излизаше от двугодишния период на пандемията от COVID-19 и в NextGenerationEU беше изложен план за възстановяване, предвиждащ изграждане на силно и устойчиво бъдеще...

4 May 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Considering the late start of immigration - 10 years ago -, integration policies in Terrassa have developed rather quickly and the implementation of social measures has been undertaken in a dynamic and energetic way. Measures include visiting immigrants in order to prevent problems in apartment

29 September 2009

The main aim of the workshop was to examine the rise in the number of young people claiming disability benefits. In many EU Member States, there is increasing policy concern about the growing numbers of young people who are entering long-term disability schemes. It appears that the nature of the

28 September 2009

This issue of Foundation Findings is dealing with demographic change and social services. The face of Europe is changing. Europeans are living longer, being set to gain five years in life expectancy by the year 2050, according to the European Commission’s Communication on demographic change

24 June 2009
Publication
Foundation Findings

Amsterdam is the largest city in the Netherlands, with 743,104 inhabitants (January 2007). Although The Hague is the seat of government, Amsterdam is the capital of the country. Immigration to Amsterdam is as old as the city itself. The proportion of foreign born nationals in Amsterdam was

23 June 2009

The city of Valencia has a population of 807,396 inhabitants and is the centre of an extensive metropolitan area which brings the number to a million and a half people. This total represents 18% of the population of the Valencian region and makes Valencia, in terms of population, the third largest

23 June 2009

Breda is a medium-sized city in the southern part of the Netherlands, with a population of 170,495 inhabitants (January 2007). About 10% of the population of Breda consists of non-western immigrants, including the second generation immigrants with at least one parent of immigrant origin, while

23 June 2009

Malmö is Sweden’s third largest city, with 280,000 inhabitants in December 2008. During the period 1990–1993, the city lost almost 20% of its job opportunities. The crisis coincided with a strong increase in the immigration of refugees and other new immigrants from war-torn areas in eastern Europe

23 June 2009

Located on the western coast of Turkey, İzmir is the third largest city in the country. The total population, comprising the city centre, urban municipalities and surrounding rural areas, is over three million people. The administrative status of the central city has changed with the inclusion of 19

22 June 2009

Tallinn’s population composition differs significantly from that of Western European cities in that Russian-speaking residents make up about half of its population. Only in the 1990s did the question of the integration of residents with Russian ethnicity into Estonian society arise. In 2000, the

02 June 2009

Antwerp is the largest city in Flanders and its population comprises around 13% foreigners. Yet a quarter of the inhabitants have a migration background and they represent 30% of the working population. Until recently, the diversity policy adopted by the city focused on specific target groups –

02 June 2009

Online resources results (219)

Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued conflict at the Port of Gothenburg and an increase in sick leave due to mental ill-health in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2017.

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Restrictions on extended working hours and tax reforms in the healthcare sector, strike action by family doctors, and social partner discussions on the national minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Austria: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

A new minimum wage of €1,500, the breakdown of negotiations on working time flexibility, a record low of occupational accidents and difficult working conditions in the health sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Spain: Agreement to reduce temporary employment in public administration

Approximately 250,000 temporary employment positions in Spain’s public administration will become permanent in the next three years, after an agreement on the issue was reached by the Spanish Ministry of Finance and Public Function and the major Spanish unions representing public employees. The

Estonia: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Sectoral collective bargaining in the healthcare sector, changes to the dispute resolution mechanism and equal treatment for men and women in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the first

Portugal: Gender differences in time use

A national survey, carried out in 2015, sheds light on how men and women in Portugal use their time. It shows that, especially with regard to paid work and unpaid care work, the working day for women is, on average, longer than it is for men and that women spend longer on unpaid care work.

Sweden: Work-related diseases more often caused by social factors

Work-related diseases due to organisational and social factors are increasing in Sweden, according to the Swedish Environment Authority. Since 2011, diseases due to these factors have increased by 77%. This, plus a recent spike in sick leave, has sparked a debate on how best to combat ill-health in

Norway: Equal treatment of temporary agency workers

An evaluation of the implementation of Norwegian regulations transposing the directive on temporary agency work concluded that the ‘equal treatment’ principle had led to more equality, in practice, but that challenges remained in smaller temporary work agencies and where agencies were hiring out

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The latest Country Specific Recommendations for Member States, the recent EU-level boost for social dialogue, the latest developments on the revision of the Posting of Workers Directive and recent migration initiatives are among the main topics of interest in this article. This update reports on the

Romania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Opposition to new measures to reduce public sector wage inequality, a fresh start for the Social and Economic Council, and new measures to reconcile family and working life are the main topics of interest of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in Romanian working


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 February 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 December 2015

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 October 2023
Reference period:

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