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Arbejdsmarkedsrelationer

Fagforeninger, arbejdsgiverorganisationer og offentlige myndigheder spiller alle en rolle i forvaltningen af beskæftigelsesforholdet. De er indbyrdes forbundne dele i et system, der opererer på europæisk og nationalt plan, på sektorplan og regionalt plan samt på virksomhedsniveau. I lyset af, at teknologi og arbejdsformer udvikler sig inden for en økonomisk kontekst i konstant forandring, har arbejdsmarkedsordningerne i de seneste år stået over for kritiske udfordringer.

I denne forbindelse lancerede Europa-Kommissionen i 2015 en "ny start" for den europæiske sociale dialog. I en fælleserklæring fra juni 2016 understregede Kommissionen, Rådet for Den Europæiske Union og arbejdsmarkedets parter dens afgørende rolle som en væsentlig del af EU's politiske beslutningstagning på beskæftigelses- og socialområdet.

Topic

Recent updates

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This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes...

26 juni 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eurofounds arbejde

Eurofound har gennem 40 år udviklet sig til at blive et vigtigt ekspertisecenter for overvågning og analyse af tendenser inden for arbejdsmarkedsrelationer. Dette omfatter forbindelser mellem social dialog på europæisk og nationalt plan. På grundlag af viden i sit netværk af europæiske korrespondenter i 28 EU-medlemsstater og Norge har det registreret udviklingen i alle medlemsstater og i EU som helhed. 

Væsentlige bidrag

Eurofound har udarbejdet en række komparative analyser, artikler og casestudier i EU-28 og Norge inden for arbejdsmarkedsrelationer samt løbende opdateret databaser om relaterede emner.

I en nylig undersøgelse kortlægges og drøftes centrale dimensioner og indikatorer af relevans for arbejdsmarkedsordningerne i Europa i det 21. århundrede. I en anden undersøgelse er der set nærmere på, hvordan arbejdsmarkedets parter i EU og Norge har udforsket nye emner, værktøjer og innovative tilgange med henblik på at reagere på de mange nye politiske, juridiske og sociale udfordringer, der er opstået i de seneste år.

Løn og arbejdstid er fortsat områder af stor interesse, som gennemgås hvert år. Et element i den nylige opdatering på lønområdet har fokus på lovbestemte mindstelønninger i hele EU, mens et andet har fokus på kollektive lønforhandlinger.

Eurofound har siden 2006 gennemført undersøgelser om de europæiske arbejdsmarkedsparters repræsentativitet i forskellige sektorer efter anmodning fra Europa-Kommissionen.

Ressourcer

Rapportering om udviklingen i arbejdslivet

Eurofound tilvejebringer systematiske og sammenlignelige data om nationale arbejdsmarkedsordninger og udviklingen i arbejdslivet ved hjælp af overvågnings- og rapporteringsværktøjer på grundlag af bidrag fra sit netværk af europæiske korrespondenter 28 medlemsstater og Norge.

Key outputs

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 oktober 2023
Publication
Research report
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Den årlige gennemgang af mindstelønninger i 2023 er udarbejdet i en tid med en hidtil uset inflation i hele Europa. Selv om dette førte til store stigninger i de nominelle...

29 juni 2023
Publication
Research report
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Som en del af sit mandat til at fremme dialogen mellem arbejdsmarkedets parter har Eurofound i mere end 40 år overvåget og analyseret udviklingen i systemerne for arbejdsmarkedsrelationer på EU-plan...

11 december 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

    ricardo-rodriguez-contreras-2023.png

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

    Research officer,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (517)

    This study aims to provide the necessary information to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the furniture sector in the EU28. The aim of Eurofound’s series of representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

    26 February 2016

    This study provides information designed to aid sectoral social dialogue in the ports sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of representativeness studies is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected sectors. Top

    22 February 2016

    This report explores the involvement of peak social partners in the European Semester at EU and national level during the period 2011 to 2014. While their role in the European Semester is not set out in the European economic governance provisions (the so-called ‘Six-Pack’), the European

    16 February 2016

    This study provides information designed to aid sectoral social dialogue in the temporary agency work sector. The study is divided into three parts: a summary of the sector’s economic and employment background; an analysis of the relevant social partner organisations in all EU Member States

    08 February 2016

    In 22 out of 28 EU Member States, there is a generally applicable statutory minimum wage and the level of this minimum wage varies greatly from one country to another. This article provides information on statutory minimum wage levels and how this is determined across the EU in January 2016.

    29 January 2016

    This study provides information designed to aid sectoral social dialogue in the graphical industry. The study is divided into three parts: a summary of the sector’s economic and employment background; an analysis of the relevant social partner organisations in all EU Member States, including their

    18 January 2016

    This article reviews the current debate among social partners and governments about how to integrate asylum seekers into the EU's workforce. While employers claim that refugees could help to address skill shortages, unions are concerned about the consequences for the working conditions of both the

    07 January 2016

    This report studies practices in EU establishments for direct and indirect employee participation in decision-making. Indirect employee participation is the involvement of employee representatives in decision-making processes, while direct employee participation describes direct interaction between

    14 December 2015

    Air transport has been in the news in recent months as strikes and difficulties in social dialogue across the European Union have strained relations between the sector’s unions and companies. Disputes in the different countries have revolved around pay and working conditions, restructuring and

    09 December 2015

    Strike activity across the EU dropped in 2014 following a crisis-related peak in 2010. However, evidence from EurWORK correspondents suggests that the more highly unionised public sector has been a focus of industrial action recently. In general, strikes have been triggered by pay freezes and cuts

    24 November 2015

    Online resources results (1688)

    Italy: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    Measures to amend and implement the Jobs Act, national-level tripartite and bipartite agreements, and progress in negotiations to renew national collective bargaining agreements covering public employees are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    Competition between unions, the launch of a substitute for collective agreements, laws on asylum seekers’ residence permits, employers’ responsibility for sick pay, and a pilots’ strike are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

    Lithuania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    The debate on the controversial new Labour Code, the opening of an information centre for posted and migrant workers, and the rise in the minimum monthly wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Lithuania in the

    Denmark: Siemens case sparks debate on working environment

    Since May 2016 a lot of political attention has been drawn to the so-called Siemens Case when 64 cases of occupational diseases were identified in a working place awarded for its excellence in occupational health and safety efforts.

    Czech Republic: Survey points to rise in collective agreements on commitment to raise wages

    According to the 2015 Information on Working Conditions survey, there has been a significant increase in the number of collective agreements in the Czech Republic containing commitments on overall wage increases and commitments to increase salary tariff. However, the number of agreements dealing

    Lithuania: Launch of Information Centre for posted and migrant workers

    On 21 April 2016, the first Information Centre in Europe for posted and migrant workers was opened in Lituania at the Kalvarija border crossing post near the Lithuanian-Polish border.

    Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    The re-introduction of four holidays and the 35-hour week in the public sector; as well as job precariousness and unemployment, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Portugal in the first quarter of 2016.

    Greece: Widespread protests at proposed social security and tax reforms

    There has been widespread opposition, including general strikes and mass demonstrations, to proposed reforms to the social security and taxation system. The reforms, unveiled in January 2016, were prompted by the need to comply with the terms of the most recent financial assistance programme

    Romania: Relaunch of the Economic and Social Council

    A new Government emergency ordinance is expected to re-launch the activity of the most important consultative tripartite body, the Economic and Social Council.

    United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    The outcome of the referendum on EU membership, the immediate impact of the vote to leave, the social partners’ reaction and the steel industry crisis are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first


    Blogs results (18)
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    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

    15 juni 2022
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    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

    28 oktober 2020
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    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 april 2020
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    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 januar 2020
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    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

    20 november 2019
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    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 november 2019
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    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law

    17 juli 2019
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    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across E

    17 april 2019
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    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 maj 2018

    Upcoming publications results (8)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    July 2025

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results.

    June 2024

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