Direkt zum Inhalt
image_activity4_living_conditions_quality_of_life.png

Lebensbedingungen und Lebensqualität

Lebensbedingungen und Lebensqualität sind einer der sechs wichtigsten Tätigkeitsbereiche im Arbeitsprogramm von Eurofound für den Zeitraum 2021-2024. Eurofound wird auch weiterhin grundlegende Aspekte in Verbindung mit der Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen der Menschen in Europa erfassen und analysieren, einschließlich Informationen darüber, wie sie Lebensqualität und die Qualität der Gesellschaft wahrnehmen. Da die COVID-19 Pandemie und die daraus resultierende Wirtschaftskrise einen tiefen Einschnitt im Leben der Menschen bedeuten, wird Eurofound die Auswirkungen der Krise auf die EU-Bürgerinnen und -Bürger in verschiedenen Lebensabschnitten weiter untersuchen.

Im Zeitraum 2021-2024 wird Eurofound wichtige Erkenntnisse zu den Herausforderungen und Aussichten in den Bereichen Lebensbedingungen und Lebensqualität in der EU sowie zur Rolle verschiedener Initiativen zur Milderung sozialer Härten bereitstellen, von denen unterschiedliche Gruppen von Bürgern betroffen sind. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den Folgen für ältere Menschen und ihren Pflegebedarf, Jugendlichen, ihrer gesellschaftlichen Einbindung und sozialen Mobilität sowie den unterschiedlichen Folgen der Krise für Männer und Frauen .

Öffentliche Dienstleistungen in der gesamten EU spielten bei der Bekämpfung der COVID-19-Krise, die mit gewaltigen Herausforderungen einherging, eine entscheidende Rolle, und sie werden noch eingehender geprüft werden, insbesondere im Hinblick auf Themen wie Qualität, Zugang und Erschwinglichkeit. Wie bisherige Erkenntnisse gezeigt haben, waren die Auswirkungen der Krise auf bestimmte Gruppen je nach Alter, Pflege-/Betreuungsaufgaben und Vereinbarkeit und Beruf und Privatleben unverhältnismäßig stark, ein Thema, mit dem sich Eurofound noch eingehender befassen wird.

In Abstimmung mit dem Europäischen Institut für Gleichstellungsfragen (EIGE) beabsichtigt Eurofound, die mehrdimensionalen geschlechtsspezifischen Diskrepanzen durch die Untersuchung der Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Krise auf Männer und Frauen im Hinblick auf Erwerbsbeteiligung, materielle Lebensbedingungen und Wohlbefinden zu erforschen, um die Unterschiede zu ermitteln und deren Auswirkungen auf geschlechtsspezifische Diskrepanzen einschätzen zu können.

Die Qualität öffentlicher Dienstleistungen hat entscheidend dazu beigetragen, das Vertrauen in Institutionen im Europa von heute aufzubauen, und sie wird von maßgeblicher Bedeutung sein, um die aktuellen und künftigen Herausforderungen zu meistern. Hochwertige Dienstleistungen sind aber auch ein Bereich, in dem Innovation gefragt ist, insbesondere bei der Umstellung auf digitale, umweltfreundlichere Dienstleistungen und im Hinblick darauf, in Zukunft auf Risiken wie z. B. die Pandemie vorbereitet zu sein.

— Tadas Leončikas, Leitender Forschungsleiter, Referat „Sozialpolitik“

Topic

Recent updates

ef23018-card-cover.png

Increasing emphasis on independent living and social inclusion is driving deinstitutionalisation – the shift away from a reliance on residential institutions towards family- and community-based settings for the provision of...

25 Oktober 2024
Publication
Research report

Die wichtigsten politischen Erkenntnisse

Infografik

Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Forschungsarbeiten von Eurofound dienen politischen Entscheidungsträgern als Informationsquelle, um sich mit einigen zentralen Themen in diesem Bereich näher auseinanderzusetzen.

  • Die größten negativen Auswirkungen auf das Vertrauen in die Institutionen ergeben sich aus der Wahrnehmung gesellschaftlicher Spannungen, während die wahrgenommene Qualität öffentlicher Dienstleistungen ein entscheidender Faktor ist, der das Vertrauen in die Institutionen stärkt.
  • Was wir brauchen, ist ein langfristiges Betreuungsangebot – zusammen mit mehr Flexibilität. Häusliche Pflege und Hilfe sollten besser zugänglich gemacht werden, insbesondere in den EU-Mitgliedstaaten mit den geringsten Einkommen.
  • Ein sofortiger Zugang zu medizinischer Grundversorgung, Sozialfürsorge und Langzeitpflege kann ein frühzeitiges Eingreifen und die Beobachtung der sich verändernden Bedürfnisse auslösen und verhindern, dass Probleme in Verbindung mit der Langzeitpflege eskalieren.
  • Psychische Gesundheitsprobleme bei jungen Menschen nehmen zu, obwohl nicht klar ist, ob dies auf eine höhere Inzidenz oder auf ein ausgeprägteres Bewusstsein oder bessere Diagnosemöglichkeiten zurückzuführen ist. Psychische Gesundheit steht in einem engen Zusammenhang mit anderen Problemen Jugendlicher und kann sowohl eine Folge von Ungleichheiten als auch selbst eine Ursache dafür sein. Zu den Risikofaktoren für psychische Gesundheitsprobleme gehören Erwerbsunfähigkeit und langwierige Erkrankungen, familiäre Probleme, Beziehungsprobleme mit Gleichaltrigen und die übermäßige Nutzung sozialer Medien.
  • Zwar konnten seit der Finanzkrise das Vertrauen und der soziale Zusammenhalt überall in der EU wiederhergestellt werden, doch hatte der Ausbruch von COVID-19 erhebliche Auswirkungen auf das Wohlbefinden in den von der Pandemie am meisten geschüttelten Ländern.
  • Junge Menschen gehören zu denjenigen, die als die größten Verlierer aus dem Lockdown hervorgehen: Eigenen Angaben zufolge weisen sie ebenso wie Arbeitslose das geringste Wohlbefinden auf, trotz einer Reihe von Verbesserungen seit dem Ausbruch der Pandemie. Zwar haben sich Lebenszufriedenheit und Optimismus seit April 2020 verbessert, doch fühlen sich Jugendliche auch weiterhin von der Gesellschaft ausgeschlossen und sind besonders depressionsgefährdet, was deutlich macht, dass sie stärker von den Einschränkungen während der Kontakt- und Ausgangsbeschränkungen betroffen sind.
  • Maßnahmen, mit denen Risiken für die psychische Gesundheit von Arbeitslosen und Jugendlichen im Zuge von COVID-19 begegnet werden soll, werden im Fall weiterer Wellen des Coronavirus unabdingbar sein. Die Bereitstellung von gezielter Unterstützung, damit diejenigen, die eine Stelle suchen, beruflich wieder auf die Beine kommen und die Auswirkungen der Pandemie verkraften können, sowie die Gewährleistung der uneingeschränkten Teilhabe junger Menschen an der Gesellschaft müssen Bestandteil der laufenden politischen Maßnahmen sein.
  • Die COVID-19-Krise hat bei Frauen stärker als bei Männern den Optimismus erschüttert und die Möglichkeiten, Beruf und Privatleben miteinander zu vereinbaren, beeinträchtigt. Es wird entscheidend sein, dass dieser Schaden behoben wird, damit Frauen nicht unverhältnismäßig stark für die Pandemie bezahlen müssen.
  • Die Wahrung des Vertrauens der Bürgerinnen und Bürger in nationale und europäische Institutionen muss in Krisenzeiten ein zentrales Ziel bleiben, da die Einhaltung von Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung von COVID-19 in hohem Maße vom Vertrauen in Institutionen und in wissenschaftliche Beratung abhängt. Das zunehmende Vertrauen in Institutionen, von dem Befragte berichteten, die in den Genuss von Hilfsmaßnahmen kamen, ist auch eine klare Botschaft an nationale Regierungen und die EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

image_event_ep_24012023.png

Die Gestaltung des Arbeitsprogramms 2024 steht im Zusammenhang mit den bevorstehenden Europawahlen, dem Krieg in der Ukraine, einem erneuten Nahostkonflikt und steigenden Lebenshaltungskosten in der gesamten Europäischen Union.

23 Januar 2024
Publication
Work programme
ef22024_card_cover.png

Unbezahlbarer Wohnraum gibt in der EU Anlass zu großer Sorge. Die Folgen sind Obdachlosigkeit, Wohnungsunsicherheit, finanzielle Belastung und unangemessene Wohnverhältnisse. Außerdem wird dadurch verhindert, dass junge Menschen von zu Hause...

30 Mai 2023
Publication
Research report
ef23016_card_cover.png

Das Jahr 2022 begann mit vorsichtigem Optimismus. In Europa waren gerade zwei von der Pandemie geprägte Jahre zu Ende gegangen, und mit NextGenerationEU wurde ein Plan für eine Erholung vorgelegt...

4 Mai 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
massimiliano-mascherini-2023.png

Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
sanna-nivakoski-2023.png

Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (310)

Die Beobachtung von Veränderungen der Lebensqualität der Europäer und die Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung ihres Wohlbefindens nehmen in der Debatte in der Europäischen Union einen immer höheren Stellenwert ein. Es wird zunehmend anerkannt, dass Wirtschaftsindikatoren wie z. B. das

16 February 2012

Im Rahmen des dritten Forschungsmoduls des CLIP-Netzwerks werden die interkulturelle Politik und die damit verbundenen Praktiken 31 europäischer Städte untersucht, um den Erfahrungsaustausch und das gegenseitige Lernen zwischen den Städten zu unterstützen. Gegenstand der Forschung sind die Analyse

16 February 2012

This report describes over 50 cases of companies in 11 Member States that have adopted measures to support their employees with care responsibilities for disabled children or adults. Key initiatives by companies include: various types of leave; reduced working hours; and such supportive measures as

07 December 2011

Household over-indebtedness is among the causes of the current financial crisis. In turn, the crisis exacerbated both public and private debt problems. In this paper, household over-indebtedness is broadly defined as the situation where a household cannot comply with payment requirements – whether

06 December 2011

Parenting support and education encompass different types of interventions (e.g. information, training, counselling, etc.) directly linked to rearing children. The ultimate goals of parenting support and education are helping parents raise their children and having a positive impact on the physical

28 November 2011

Perceived quality of life is lower in the candidate countries of Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey than in the EU27, largely due to poverty. Women’s labour force participation is low and jobs in general are characterised by long hours and poor work–life balance. Families

13 September 2011

Europe is undergoing a previously unwitnessed ageing of the population. In view of this, social inclusion of the elderly and strategies to promote voluntary work among older people are now important items on the EU’s political agenda. This report is based on 30 case studies from 11 Member States in

08 September 2011

This report explores the subject of work and family life across Europe, looking at ways to find a better balance between the demands of work and family responsibilities. Based on data from the second European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), conducted by Eurofound in 2007, the report analyses tensions

22 August 2011

Many European countries have seen high levels of immigration from all parts of the world in the past two decades and the population of visible minority ethnic groups has grown rapidly. This report presents the results of a research programme analysing the quality of life in ethnically diverse

18 August 2011

The present document reports on the quality of the 2nd EQLS. It assesses the quality of the survey processes in all its stages, starting from the sampling design to the final dissemination of data. It also assesses the quality of the survey output on the following five key quality components set out

07 August 2011

Online resources results (219)

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

A small rise in employment, the issue of pensions, and efforts to form a new coalition government in the wake of the June General Election are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Spain in the second quarter of 2016..

Czech Republic: Transformations in the quality of working life

Findings from a recent survey aim to capture national developments in the Czech Republic in the quality of working life. Results from the survey on the nature of work, job security, workers’ experiences of stress and its intensity, and the evaluation of different aspects of work are highlighted in

Norway: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Rising unemployment, the start of the biannual collective bargaining round, a report from the expert committee on working time, and a new report focusing on young workers and sustainable work life are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments

France: Social partners approve Workplace health plan for 2016–2020

On 8 December 2015, following lengthy consultations, the government and all representative social partners at national level adopted the third Workplace health plan. The plan has two key objectives: to reinforce a culture of risk prevention and to improve the quality of working conditions.

Sweden: Government scraps contested labour market reforms

Sweden’s coalition government has reversed changes to the welfare system made by the previous centre-right government. It has removed a cut-off point of 2.5 years for claiming sickness benefit and scrapped a scheme for mandatory workplace activities for the unemployed. The decision to reverse rather

Ireland: National Minimum Wage rise follows Low Pay Commission report

The first rise in Ireland's National Minimum Wage (NMW) since 2007 was implemented on January 1, 2016. It comes after a recommendation in the Low Pay Commission’s first annual report to increase the NMW by 50 cents per hour to a new hourly rate of €9.15.

France: Agreement signed to protect compulsory supplementary pension schemes

In France, two compulsory supplementary pension schemes managed by the social partners are facing financial difficulties. The social partners have signed an agreement to protect the schemes. The agreement introduces a bonus–penalty system to encourage employees to retire later.

Denmark: Greater acceptance of LGBT colleagues in female-dominated workplaces

It is likely to be more difficult to be an LGBT person in a male-dominated Danish workplace than a female-dominated one, according to a recent union-backed survey. The survey reveals significant differences between men’s and women’s experiences regarding the acceptance of LGBT people in Danish

Spain: Impact of social dialogue among workers with disabilities

A report on the reasons for the limited integration of people with disabilities in the labour market in Spain concludes that there is no uniform approach regarding the inclusion of issues affecting disabled workers in collective agreements. The report finds that these issues are dealt with in a


Blogs results (32)
ef21080.png

Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on s

23 Juni 2021
ef20083.png

An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Dezember 2020
ef20074.png

As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 Oktober 2020
image_blog_ef20065_covid_and_gender_03062020.png

​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour an

image_blog_covid_youth_18052020.png

While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

image_blog_jme_12052020.png

The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

image_blog_digitalisation_ps_23042020.png

‘Digital transformation’ has been a buzzword in policy circles for some time now, and commitments to making it work for citizens, business and society as whole abound. Brussels has been no exception – the European Commission presented its data and artificial intelligence (AI) strategies in February

23 April 2020
ef19051.png

The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

image_1_blog_rural_europe_08052019.png

Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Mai 2019
image1_europe_s_economic_recovery_blog_18062018.jpg

Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Juni 2018

Upcoming publications results (2)

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024
Data results (1)
24 Oktober 2023
Reference period:

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.