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Servicios públicos

Servicios públicos como la sanidad, la educación, la asistencia social y el transporte son esenciales para lograr unos niveles elevados de protección, cohesión e integración sociales. Sin embargo, son la calidad de los servicios y el acceso a estos los que determinan su éxito en un panorama social y demográfico cambiante.

El reto para los responsables de la formulación de políticas consiste en garantizar el diseño y la prestación de los servicios sanitarios y sociales que satisfagan las distintas necesidades de los ciudadanos. Dicho reto se ha agravado por las severas restricciones financieras en los últimos años, y por una demanda creciente, impulsada en parte por el envejecimiento demográfico y, en cierta medida, por la llegada de refugiados a Europa. Además de la asequibilidad y la calidad, se plantean nuevas dificultades, entre las que figura el riesgo de que los nuevos canales digitales para la provisión de servicio puedan aislar a comunidades ya desfavorecidas, y las posibles dificultades para garantizar los estándares pertinentes en el acceso a los servicios y la calidad de estos.

El Conjunto de medidas sobre inversión social de la Comisión Europea, presentado en 2013, insta a los Estados miembros a otorgar mayor prioridad a la consecución de unos servicios públicos de calidad elevada. Por otra parte, en la Estrategia relativa a un Mercado Único Digital para Europa, adoptada en 2015, se hace hincapié en la modernización de los servicios públicos como medio para impulsar la competitividad. La asunción de nuevas tecnologías, los servicios públicos en línea y la interoperabilidad transfronteriza son factores esenciales para elevar la eficiencia en relación con los costes y la calidad de los servicios. En abril de 2017, la Comisión puso en marcha el paquete de medidas del Pilar europeo de los derechos sociales, que comprende entre sus principios fundamentales el acceso a una educación de buena calidad, la educación y los cuidados de la primera infancia, la asistencia sanitaria, la vivienda social y otros servicios esenciales.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...

Podcast
Group of children eating healthy food in day care centre © Oksana Kuzmina/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support access to healthy nutrition and at least one healthy meal each school day.

Web page
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

Web page

EU context

La labor de Eurofound

Eurofound examina las necesidades de los ciudadanos en general, prestando especial atención a los jóvenes, las personas de edad avanzada, los que adolecen de problemas de salud física o mental, y los que tienen un origen migrante. Sigue y analiza los cambios en los servicios públicos causados por las restricciones presupuestarias, las modificaciones en las políticas y los avances en la tecnología y la digitalización. Mediante los estudios de caso pormenorizados, en la investigación de Eurofound sobre los servicios públicos se examinan además las perspectivas de los proveedores de servicios y su respuesta a la transformación en las necesidades de los usuarios.

Aportaciones fundamentales

En el análisis de la Encuesta europea sobre calidad de vida (EQLS) de Eurofound se examina el impacto de la crisis en la sociedad europea, y el modo en que los europeos perciben la calidad de sus sociedades y de sus servicios públicos. En los estudios pormenorizados se abordan varios temas esenciales, entre los que se cuenta el efecto de la crisis económica y las reformas del estado del bienestar en los niveles de vida y en la calidad de la sociedad.

En particular, utilizando los datos de la EQLS, los estudios se han centrado en las desigualdades sociales en cuatro ámbitos fundamentales de la vida: la salud, el nivel de vida, las actividades productivas y valoradas, y la vida individual, familiar y social. Las familias también han sido un objeto primordial del análisis, y se ha considerado la diversa calidad de vida en la UE para diferentes tipos de familias con hijos, comparando sus niveles de vida y su situación social. 

Otras áreas de interés han sido los costes sociales y económicos y las consecuencias de las deficiencias en el terreno de la vivienda, así como el auge de la prestación privada de servicios hospitalarios en toda Europa. También ha sido objeto de debate el impacto de la creciente afluencia de «ciudadanos móviles» en los servicios públicos de los Estados miembros de la UE.

Las medidas de apoyo a la integración social de los jóvenes y la experiencia de ejecución de la Garantía Juvenil han sido asuntos importantes para Eurofound. Por otro lado, el acceso a los servicios de educación y cuidados de la primera infancia, y la calidad de estos, han adquirido una relevancia creciente en el debate sobre políticas de la UE, y han sido objeto además de diversos estudios de Eurofound.

Utilizando los datos de la cuarta EQLS, llevada a cabo en 2016, en las investigaciones de Eurofound se examinará lo bien que satisfacen los servicios públicos las necesidades de los distintos grupos sociales, con el fin de asistir a los responsables de la formulación de políticas en la provisión de unos servicios sociales adecuados y apropiados. Eurofound abordará la repercusión de la digitalización más allá de límites sociales y geográficos, examinando el modo en que las nuevas tecnologías pueden facilitar el diseño y la prestación de los servicios sanitarios y sociales.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    This is a report of a conference held in Helsinki 2–3 October 2006, organised by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES) and the Finnish Institute of Occupational

    22 January 2007

    Childcare is a topic of much debate in the enlarged EU due to demographic changes and an ageing population. Against this background, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions initiated research into the EU childcare sector, focusing on out-of-school care for

    09 November 2006

    In the context of an ageing population and increasing demand for care services in the European Union, there is growing concern about the supply of suitably qualified care workers. Low pay, low status, and high rates of turnover and burnout make it difficult to attract workers to the care sector and

    28 July 2006

    Childcare is a topic of much debate in the enlarged EU due to demographic changes and an ageing population. Against this background, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions initiated research into the EU childcare sector, focusing on out-of-school care for

    26 July 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    02 July 2006

    In the context of an ageing population and increasing demand for care services in the European Union, there is growing concern about the supply of suitably qualified care workers. Low pay, low status, and high rates of turnover and burnout make it difficult to attract workers to the care sector and

    28 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    18 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    18 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    11 June 2006

    The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

    11 June 2006

    Online resources results (54)

    Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

    The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

    National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

    The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

    Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

    During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

    New collective agreements signed in public services

    In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

    The trade unionist of the 1990s?

    The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

    Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

    The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes

    Substantial wage increases and a new bargaining situation for the medical profession

    As a result of the 1996 wage settlement, medical physicians employed at Norwegian hospitals gained substantial wage increases. These increases can in part be explained by an increase in basic wages, and in part by prolonging weekly working hours through permitting more overtime and at the same time

    Hospital administration and working conditions reform proposed

    A public debate has begun in Portugal about the privatisation of public hospitals. Medical, paramedical and nursing unions have reacted largely negatively to proposed changes in the regulation of industrial relations, employment contracts and working conditions, and strikes were due in August

    Continuity and change in pay and working time

    One of the most significant transformations of British industrial relations in recent years has been the shift from national to enterprise-level bargaining. Multi-employer bargaining arrangements have tended to be replaced with multi-establishment, single employer bargaining, although there are also

    Strikes in the hospital sector

    The law on social welfare, adopted in November 1995, included provisions on a range of matters, such as: the submission of the social security budget to parliamentary vote; the setting up of a new tax known as "social security deficit clearance" (Remboursement de la dette sociale); the abolition of


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 Octubre 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

    5 Mayo 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 Enero 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Diciembre 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 Mayo 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

    3 Febrero 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 Noviembre 2023
    Reference period:
    24 Octubre 2023
    Reference period:

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