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Services publics

Les services publics tels que la santé, l’éducation, les soins sociaux et les transports sont essentiels pour atteindre des niveaux élevés de protection, de cohésion et d’inclusion sociales. Mais ce sont la qualité et l’accessibilité des services qui déterminent leur succès dans un paysage social et démographique en mutation.

Le défi pour les décideurs consiste à garantir la conception et la prestation de services sanitaires et sociaux qui répondent aux besoins variés des citoyens. Cette difficulté a été amplifiée par des contraintes financières importantes durant ces dernières années, et par une demande croissante, due au vieillissement démographique d’une part, et à l’afflux de réfugiés en Europe d’autre part. Outre le caractère abordable et la qualité, de nouvelles questions se posent. Elles incluent le risque que les nouvelles filières numériques utilisées pour la prestation des services n’isolent les communautés déjà défavorisées, mais aussi des difficultés potentielles s’agissant de garantir un niveau suffisant d’accessibilité et de qualité des services.

Le «paquet investissements sociaux» de la Commission, lancé en 2013, exhorte les États membres de l’UE à accorder une attention accrue à des services publics de qualité. De plus, la stratégie du marché unique numérique pour l’Europe, adoptée en 2015 par la Commission, place l’accent sur la modernisation des services publics en tant que moyen de stimuler la compétitivité. L’adoption de nouvelles technologies, les services publics en ligne et l’interopérabilité transfrontalière jouent un rôle essentiel dans l’amélioration de la rentabilité et de la qualité des services. En avril 2017, la Commission a lancé le socle européen des droits sociaux, qui inclut parmi ses principes fondamentaux l’accès à une éducation de qualité, à l’éducation et à l'accueil des jeunes enfants, aux soins de santé, aux logements sociaux et à d’autres services essentiels.

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Research Manager Daniel Molinuevo about the European Child Guarantee, how bad the situation is with regard to child poverty...

Podcast
Group of children eating healthy food in day care centre © Oksana Kuzmina/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support access to healthy nutrition and at least one healthy meal each school day.

Web page
Happy dad, excited kid play in cardboard boxes in new house © Davids C/peopleimages.com/Adobe Stock

The European Child Guarantee outlines recommendations for Member States to support effective access to adequate housing for children at risk of poverty or social exclusion.

Web page

EU context

Le travail d’Eurofound

Eurofound examine les besoins des citoyens en général, en se concentrant sur les jeunes, les personnes âgées, les personnes souffrant de problèmes de santé physique ou mentale, et les personnes issues de l’immigration. Elle surveille et analyse les changements survenus dans les services publics en raison des contraintes budgétaires, des changements de politiques et des progrès de la technologie et de la numérisation. Grâce à des études de cas approfondies, les recherches consacrées par Eurofound aux services publics portent également sur les perspectives des prestataires de services et leurs réponses à l’évolution des besoins des utilisateurs.

Principales contributions

L’enquête européenne sur la qualité de vie (EQLS) d’Eurofound analyse les incidences de la crise sur la société européenne et la manière dont les Européens perçoivent la qualité de leur société et de leurs services publics. Des études approfondies sont consacrées à plusieurs thèmes clés, y compris les effets de la crise économique et des réformes de l’aide sociale sur les niveaux de vie et la qualité de la société.

Les recherches, effectuées à l’aide des données de l’EQLS, ont étudié les inégalités sociales dans quatre domaines essentiels de l’existence: la santé, le niveau de vie, les activités productives et valorisées, et la vie individuelle, familiale et sociale. Les analyses se sont également intéressées aux familles, observant l’évolution de la qualité de vie de différents types de familles avec enfants dans l’ensemble de l’UE, et comparant leur niveau de vie et leur situation sociale. 

Les coûts sociaux et économiques et les conséquences d’un logement inadéquat, ainsi que l’augmentation de la part des prestations privées de services hospitaliers en Europe, font également partie des domaines d’intérêt. Par ailleurs, les incidences de l’afflux croissant de citoyens mobiles sur les services publics des États membres de l’UE ont suscité des débats.

Les mesures visant à soutenir l’inclusion sociale des jeunes et l’expérience de la mise en œuvre de la garantie pour la jeunesse ont été des sujets importants pour Eurofound. De plus, l’accès aux services d’éducation et d’accueil des jeunes enfants et la qualité de ces services ont acquis une importance accrue dans le débat politique de l’UE, et ont également occupé une place centrale dans les recherches d’Eurofound.

En utilisant les données de la quatrième EQLS effectuée en 2016, les recherches d’Eurofound examineront dans quelle mesure les services publics répondent aux besoins des groupes sociaux, afin d’aider les décideurs à mettre à disposition des services sociaux suffisants et appropriés. Eurofound s’intéressera aux incidences de la numérisation au-delà des frontières sociétales et géographiques, examinant de quelle manière les nouvelles technologies peuvent faciliter la conception et la prestation des services sanitaires et sociaux.

Social inclusion: Protecting young people and children

Measures to support the social inclusion of young people and experience of the implementation of the reinforced Youth Guarantee have been important topics for Eurofound. In addition, access to early childhood education and care services and the quality of such services have been gaining greater prominence in the EU policy debate around the European Child Guarantee and have also been the focus of Eurofound research.

Focus on various public services

Other areas of interest for Eurofound include housing unaffordability and inadequacy, as well as household over-indebtedness and debt advisory services. Research has also explored access to energy, public transport and digital communications for people on low incomes. 

Future research will focus on mental health services and services facilitating independent living. Furthermore, the impact of the inflow of mobile citizens on the public services of EU Member States will be an important consideration.

Key outputs

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The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in...

21 septembre 2023
Publication
Policy brief

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Examining services for labour market integration of people with disabilities based on data from the EQLS 2016 to support policymaking in designing relevant and efficient services
    • Mapping developments in advisory for household debt in EU countries as well as identifying barriers to access these services to combat poverty and assessing take-up
    • Analysing differences and inequalities in access to social services of general interest in the EU and assessing the nature and extent of convergence/divergence

     

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

    Senior research manager,
    Social policies research unit
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    Daniel Molinuevo is a research manager in the Social Policies unit, having joined Eurofound in 2010. His research on health and social care has focused on the quality and...

    Research manager,
    Social policies research unit
    Publications results (103)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the human health sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

    12 November 2020

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the education sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    15 October 2020

    Le droit d’accès à des services de soin de qualité est mis en exergue dans le socle européen des droits sociaux. Le présent rapport met l’accent sur trois types de services de soin: l’éducation et l’accueil des jeunes enfants (EAJE), les soins de santé et les soins de longue durée. Il a été démontré

    08 October 2020

    This report summarises out-of-school care (OSC) in the EU and examines related issues, including take-up of OSC, barriers and policy solutions. The report uses information gathered by the Network of Eurofound Correspondents, data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2015 (EWCS 2015), the Euro

    03 April 2020

    To support the European Commission’s objective of ensuring Europe is fit for the digital age, this report examines the use of digital technologies in social services and the policies that promote digital transformation. The report explores some of the main issues involved in implementing

    02 April 2020

    This report addresses the problem of household over-indebtedness, which is broadly defined as being unable to make payments related to regular commitments.

    12 March 2020

    Les données sur la qualité de vie montrent que, dans la plupart des pays, la capitale présente des atouts par rapport aux régions situées en dehors de la capitale. Compte tenu de la croissance continue de la population des capitales et de la concentration des ressources en leur sein, cette note d

    27 January 2020

    What have been the major developments in quality of life and public services in Europe in recent years, as captured by research into these areas in Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020? This flagship publication provides a synthesis of the main findings on several key topics, based, in part, on

    22 October 2019

    Good quality public services are a key element in EU debate and contribute greatly to meeting needs for health and welfare, and enabling people to participate in society and the labour market.

    15 October 2019

    Public services are essential for achieving high levels of social protection, social cohesion and social inclusion. However, to be effective in this regard, services must be of good quality and they must be equally accessible to the broadest possible range of citizens.

    11 July 2019

    Online resources results (54)

    France: Agreement signed to protect compulsory supplementary pension schemes

    In France, two compulsory supplementary pension schemes managed by the social partners are facing financial difficulties. The social partners have signed an agreement to protect the schemes. The agreement introduces a bonus–penalty system to encourage employees to retire later.

    Portugal: Rejection of austerity measures in public sector

    In 2014, Portugal's Constitutional Court ruled that a number of the coalition government's austerity measures were unconstitutional. The government’s response was a new austerity package that extended the possibility of wage cuts to 2018 and included permanent cuts to public pensions. The

    Social security contributions, wages and labour market feature in run-up to central bargaining

    With negotiations over a new intersectoral agreement due later in the year, the debate in Belgium in spring 2002 has focused on social security contributions, the growth of wage costs and labour market participation. On the first point, the federal government has in recent years taken measures to

    MEDEF makes proposals for social protection reform

    In November 2001, France's MEDEF employers' confederation issued proposals for the reform of the social protection system. They clearly reflect the organisation's desire to separate employment-related social protection from those aspects of welfare that have been extended to the whole population

    Medical specialists strike

    In September and October 2001, Belgian clinical biologists, radiologists and kidney specialists were due to strike for a total of 12 days. They were primarily protesting against 'unusual' savings and budget over-run recovery measures being applied to their sector.

    35-hour week negotiations in public hospitals

    Negotiations over the introduction of the 35-hour week in France's public hospitals started in earnest in September 2001, following a government announcement that 40,000 jobs (a figure later raised to 45,000) were to be created to accompany the working time reductions. Trade unions have reservations

    Changes ahead in hospital sector industrial relations

    On 1 January 2002, the ownership of public hospitals in Norway will be transferred from the local government level (mainly county municipalities) to the state. The hospitals will be organised as subsidiaries under the control of one of five regional public enterprises that will also be established

    Unions protest against new management models for public services

    Early 2001 saw trade union protests in various areas of the Portuguese public services - notably healthcare and some municipal services - where new management models are being tried out. The changes have led trade unions to protest against what they see as a privatisation of essential services. In

    New law reforms social services

    In October 2000, the Italian parliament approved a new framework law reforming the national system of social service provision. The new law provides for an integrated network of all types of provision (including social, healthcare, labour market measures), with new responsibilities for regional and


    Blogs results (7)

    Child poverty and exclusion in the EU is on the rise. To address this worrying trend, EU policy needs to focus on access to services, which requires improving data collection, targeting inequalities and involving the workforce that delivers services in policymaking.

    24 octobre 2023
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    The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

    5 mai 2022
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    Healthcare providers have been overwhelmed by the demand for COVID-19-related care. Medical appointments and treatments for other conditions have often been delayed, potentially leading to escalating health problems and greater future care needs among those who have missed out. If the pandemic leads

    18 janvier 2021
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 décembre 2020
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    Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

    8 mai 2019
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    Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

    3 février 2016
    Upcoming publications results (1)

    Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

    September 2024
    Data results (2)
    7 novembre 2023
    Reference period:
    24 octobre 2023
    Reference period:

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