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Plaća i dohodak

Plaća i dohodak ključni su za radne odnose i kvalitetu života. To je pitanje dobilo još više pozornosti na razini EU-a zbog krizom izazvanih događaja u gospodarstvu i društvu u cjelini.

Topic

Recent updates

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This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes...

26 lipnja 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Europski stup socijalnih prava utvrđuje obveze EU-a u pogledu plaća: pravo radnika na pravednu plaću koja osigurava pristojan životni standard; osiguravanje odgovarajućih minimalnih plaća; sprečavanje siromaštva unatoč zaposlenju.

Rad Eurofounda

Eurofound redovito izvješćuje o različitim aspektima plaće i dohotka u kontekstu promjenjivih gospodarskih okolnosti u cijeloj Europi.

Praćenje plaća

S pomoću Europskog opservatorija radnog vijeka (EurWORK) Eurofound objedinjuje cijeli niz podataka o plaćama. Redovitim izvješćivanjem dobiva se dulji niz zapažanja o kolektivno ugovorenoj plaći kako bi se mogli pratiti trendovi. Eurofound redovito objavljuje tematska izvješća o zajamčenim minimalnim plaćama i kolektivno ugovorenim plaćama. Eurofound prati razvoj događaja na nacionalnoj razini u odnosu na mehanizme za određivanje plaća, jednaku plaću, varijabilnu plaću, nisku plaću i razlike u plaćama među spolovima.

Profili zemalja u pogledu radnog vijeka sadržavaju podatke o plaćama na nacionalnoj razini i redovito se ažuriraju. EurWORK održava dvije baze podataka o plaćama (vidjeti izvore u nastavku).

Eurofoundov Europski centar za praćenje poslova (EJM) prema različitim kvalitativnim mjerama, uključujući plaću, procjenjuje promjene u zaposlenosti po poslovima. To posebno doprinosi našem znanju o pojavi polarizacije zapošljavanja, tj. o mjeri u kojoj postoji veća vjerojatnost da će rast zaposlenosti biti veći u zanimanjima koja su najviše, odnosno najmanje plaćena nego u zanimanjima u kojima su plaće srednje vrijednosti.

Rezultati istraživanja

Eurofoundova istraživanja prate i situaciju u EU-u u pogledu plaća. Plaća je ključan element u Eurofoundovu istraživanju o kvaliteti rada. U Europskom istraživanju o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) zarada je jedan od sedam pokazatelja kvalitete posla. Europsko istraživanje o radnim uvjetima izvješćuje i o razlikama u plaćama među spolovima. Istražite EWCS-ov interaktivni alat za vizualizaciju podataka .

Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života (EWCS) prati utjecaj dohotka na životni standard te istražuje kako je nejednakost u dohodcima povezana sa socijalnom kohezijom i dobrobiti. U njemu se analizira kako je gospodarska kriza utjecala na obitelji, pridajući posebnu pažnju obiteljima s niskim dohotkom, dugu kućanstava i skupinama koje su u riziku od siromaštva. U Europskom istraživanju o kvaliteti života prikupljaju se podatci i o dohotku u mirovini te mogućnostima produljenja radnog vijeka. Istražite EQLS-ov interaktivni alat za vizualizaciju podataka.

Europsko istraživanje o poduzećima (ECS) obuhvaća upotrebu sustava varijabilnih plaća u ustanovama, kao i kolektivne ugovore o plaćama svih zaposlenika tih ustanova. Istraživanje omogućava povezivanje podataka o varijabilnoj plaći i pregovaranju o plaćama s podacima o organizaciji rada, upravljanju ljudskim resursima, izravnom sudjelovanju zaposlenika i socijalnom dijalogu, kao i učinkovitosti i dobrobiti na radnom mjestu.

Key outputs

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Godišnji pregled minimalnih plaća za 2023. pripremljen je u kontekstu dosad nezabilježene inflacije u cijeloj Europi. Iako je to dovelo do velikih povećanja nominalnih stopa plaća u brojnim zemljama, u...

29 lipnja 2023
Publication
Research report
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U ovom se izvješću analizira raspodjela bogatstva kućanstava u državama članicama EU-a i uloga bogatstva u okviru društvene mobilnosti. Izvješće je usmjereno na bogatstvo po članu kućanstva i temelji se...

30 ožujka 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (124)

Nakon razdoblja opreznog određivanja minimalne plaće za 2021. nominalne stope značajno su porasle za 2022. jer su se negativne posljedice pandemije ublažile, a situacija u gospodarstvima i na tržištima rada poboljšala. U tom je kontekstu 20 od 21 države članice EU-a povisilo svoje zakonski propisane

15 June 2022

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries – the 27 EU Member States and Norway. The country reports summarise evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey results during 2021. They

19 May 2022

Despite the well-known adverse effects of regular long working hours on workers’ health, well-being and performance, many workers in the EU continue to work beyond their normal hours. Part of this additional working time is classified as overtime. This report takes a comparative overview of how

10 March 2022

Osim nekih povremenih povećanja, posljednjih je godina došlo do općeg smanjenja sindikalnog djelovanja u državama članicama EU-a. Tijekom pandemije uzrokovane bolešću COVID-19 taj je trend nastavljen, pri čemu se očekivano najviše radnih sporova vodilo u sektoru ljudskog zdravlja i socijalnih usluga

07 February 2022

Ovo se izvješće bavi utjecajem krize uzrokovane pandemijom bolesti COVID-19 na kvalitetu života starijih građana, uključujući utjecaj na njihovu dobrobit, financije, zaposlenost i socijalnu uključenost. U njemu se istražuju učinci na korištenje usluga skrbi i oslanjanje starijih osoba na druge

28 January 2022

Jedan od najuočljivijih događaja u proteklih pola stoljeća bio je golem porast sudjelovanja žena na tržištu rada. Žene su zaposlene na dva od tri neto nova radna mjesta otvorena tijekom posljednja dva desetljeća u EU-u. Istodobno se povećao udio starijih radnika na tržištu rada, kao posljedica

14 December 2021

Despite the increasing participation of women in the labour market and a higher share of women than men being hired into well-paid jobs in recent years, a gender pay gap exists across all EU Member States. Pay differentials between women and men have been shown to be significantly influenced by the

14 December 2021

Europskim zelenim planom EU pokreće niz politika i mjera usmjerenih na sprječavanje i ublažavanje učinaka klimatskih promjena. Glavni je cilj započeti prelazak na klimatski neutralno gospodarstvo. Međutim, te prijeko potrebne klimatske politike mogu imati neželjene distribucijske učinke na pojedince

06 July 2021

U ovom se izvješću sažeto prikazuje kako su tijekom 2020., godine obilježene pandemijom bolesti COVID-19, određene minimalne plaće za 2021. Iznosi se pregled poteškoća s kojima su se suočili donositelji odluka na nacionalnoj razini te kako su odgovorili na izazove gospodarskog i socijalnog pada

10 June 2021

U ovom se izvješću analizira raspodjela bogatstva kućanstava u državama članicama EU-a i uloga bogatstva u okviru društvene mobilnosti. Izvješće je usmjereno na bogatstvo po članu kućanstva i temelji se na podatcima iz triju skupova podataka (Ankete o financijama i potrošnji kućanstava, Istraživanja

30 March 2021

Online resources results (889)

Norway: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Rising unemployment, the start of the biannual collective bargaining round, a report from the expert committee on working time, and a new report focusing on young workers and sustainable work life are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments

Slovenia: Cross-border workers create new union

With more than 20,000 Slovenian workers travelling daily to work in Austria, Slovenian cross-border workers have established a new trade union to fight double taxation.

Ireland: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

The first General Election since Ireland exited the bailout programme, continuing local pay bargaining and a six-day strike over pay at light rail tram company Luas are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Ireland in

United Kingdom: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

The forthcoming referendum on the UK’s membership of the European Union and the UK’s productivity gap are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first quarter of 2016.

Czech Republic: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Positive trends in economic performance (raising the issue of an imbalance between cheap labour and productivity), measures to deal with disadvantaged groups on the labour market, and equal pay are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Italy: New Stability Law extends range of tax-exempt benefits

Italy’s 2016 Stability Law supports the uptake of private welfare measures by extending the types of tax-exempt benefits offered by employers to include those agreed through collective bargaining.

Cyprus: Report analyses impact of crisis and adjustment programme

The annual economic report of the Cyprus Labour Institute concludes that fiscal adjustment had negative effects on GDP, employment and the unemployment rate, diverted resources from social uses towards servicing public debt, and caused a sharp deterioration in living conditions.

Finland: Immigrant employment – debate and action

Social partners seek to facilitate the integration of immigrants, but trade unions dismiss proposals for reduced salaries for unqualified immigrants.

Norway: Employer confederations seek minimum wage for refugees and immigrants

There is no national statutory minimum wage in Norway. However, several employer confederations have taken an initiative to introduce a minimum wage in relation to the current refugee situation.

Croatia: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

​The election of Croatia’s new Prime Minister and government, and serious challenges to public finance over public-sector wages are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Croatia in the first quarter of 2016.


Blogs results (22)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 svibnja 2024
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 siječnja 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 kolovoza 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

15 lipnja 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially depriv

26 listopada 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 lipnja 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 lipnja 2021
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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to ta

28 travnja 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 veljače 2021

Upcoming publications results (1)

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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