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Condizioni e qualità della vita

Le condizioni e la qualità della vita rappresentano una delle sei attività principali del programma di lavoro di Eurofound per il periodo 2021-2024. Eurofound continuerà a mappare e ad analizzare gli aspetti chiave relativi al miglioramento delle condizioni di vita degli europei, comprese le informazioni sulla loro percezione della qualità della vita e della società. Dal momento che la pandemia da COVID-19 e la conseguente crisi economica hanno profondamente inciso sulla vita cittadini dell’UE, Eurofound indagherà ulteriormente sull’impatto di questa crisi sulle diverse fasi della loro vita.

Nel corso del periodo 2021-2024, la ricerca di Eurofound fornirà un’importante panoramica delle sfide e delle prospettive nel settore delle condizioni e della qualità della vita nell’UE e sul ruolo svolto da varie iniziative volte ad alleviare il disagio sociale di vari gruppi di cittadini. Di particolare interesse sono le implicazioni per gli anziani e le esigenze di assistenza nonché per i giovani e la loro inclusione e mobilità sociale, come anche le diverse conseguenze della crisi su uomini e donne.

servizi pubblici in tutta l’UE hanno svolto un ruolo importante nel far fronte alla crisi da COVID-19 affrontando al contempo sfide significative e saranno valutati in modo più dettagliato, prestando particolare attenzione a questioni quali la qualità, la disponibilità e l’accessibilità economica di tali servizi. Come hanno dimostrato i risultati precedenti, la crisi ha avuto effetti sproporzionati su alcuni gruppi in base all’età, alle mansioni di assistenza e all’ equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata , aspetti che Eurofound analizzerà ulteriormente.

In coordinamento con l’Istituto europeo per l’uguaglianza di genere (EIGE), Eurofound intende svolgere una ricerca sul divario di genere multidimensionale indagando l’impatto su uomini e donne della crisi da COVID-19 in termini di partecipazione al lavoro, condizioni di vita materiali e benessere, al fine di individuare le differenze e valutarne l’effetto sui divari di genere.

La qualità dei servizi pubblici è stata fondamentale per creare fiducia nelle istituzioni dell’Europa contemporanea e sarà cruciale per affrontare le sfide attuali e future. Quella dei servizi di qualità rappresenta altresì un’area di innovazione, soprattutto nel passaggio a servizi digitali e più rispettosi dell’ambiente e nella preparazione ad affrontare i rischi, come la pandemia, in futuro.

— Tadas Leončikas, responsabile di alto livello della ricerca, unità Politiche sociali

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 Maggio 2024
Publication
Research report

Messaggi strategici chiave

Infografica

I principali risultati emersi dalla ricerca di Eurofound servono ai responsabili politici da spunto per affrontare alcune delle questioni chiave in questo settore.

  • La percezione delle tensioni nella società è il fattore che esercita l’impatto maggiormente negativo sulla fiducia nelle istituzioni, che viene invece accresciuta in modo determinante dalla qualità percepita dei servizi pubblici.
  • È necessario offrire una migliore assistenza a lungo termine, con maggiore flessibilità. L’assistenza e l’assistenza domiciliare dovrebbero essere maggiormente disponibili, soprattutto negli Stati membri dell’UE in cui il reddito è più basso.
  • L’accesso immediato all’assistenza sanitaria di base, all’assistenza sociale e all’assistenza a lungo termine può innescare un intervento precoce e il monitoraggio dei mutevoli bisogni nonché prevenire l’intensificazione dei problemi di assistenza a lungo termine.
  • I problemi di salute mentale sono in aumento tra i giovani, anche se non è chiaro se ciò sia dovuto a una maggiore incidenza o a una migliore consapevolezza e diagnosi. La salute mentale è strettamente legata ad altre questioni giovanili e può essere sia il risultato di disuguaglianze che essa stessa una fonte di disuguaglianza. I fattori di rischio relativi ai problemi di salute mentale includono disabilità e malattie a lungo termine, problemi familiari, problemi relazionali con i coetanei e l’uso intenso dei social media.
  • Sebbene i livelli di fiducia e di coesione sociale abbiano complessivamente registrato una ripresa nell’UE dopo la crisi finanziaria, l’insorgenza della COVID-19 ha avuto un impatto significativo sul benessere dei paesi più duramente colpiti dalla pandemia.
  • I giovani sono tra i soggetti maggiormente colpiti dal blocco: insieme ai disoccupati, riferiscono i livelli di benessere più bassi, nonostante qualche miglioramento dall’inizio della pandemia. Benché la soddisfazione personale e l’ottimismo siano cresciuti a partire da aprile 2020, i giovani continuano a sentirsi esclusi dalla società e rimangono esposti a un maggior rischio di depressione, mostrando di essere più colpiti di altre categorie dalle restrizioni introdotte durante il blocco.
  • Le misure volte a mitigare i rischi per la salute mentale dei disoccupati e dei giovani in seguito alla COVID-19 saranno di importanza fondamentale nelle nuove ondate di coronavirus. Gli interventi politici in atto devono comprendere azioni volte a fornire sostegno mirato a coloro che sono in cerca di lavoro, affinché possano rimettersi in carreggiata e far fronte all’impatto della pandemia, nonché a garantire la piena partecipazione dei giovani alla società.
  • La crisi da COVID-19 ha eroso i livelli di ottimismo andando a colpire l’equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata delle donne in misura maggiore rispetto agli uomini. Sarà essenziale porre rimedio a questi effetti negativi per garantire che le donne non debbano pagare un prezzo sproporzionato per la pandemia.
  • Fare sì che i cittadini continuino ad avere fiducia nelle istituzioni nazionali ed europee deve restare un obiettivo fondamentale in tempi di crisi, dal momento che il rispetto delle misure volte a tenere sotto controllo la pandemia di COVID-19 dipende in gran parte dal grado di fiducia nelle istituzioni e nelle raccomandazioni scientifiche. Anche l’aumento della fiducia nelle istituzioni espresso dai partecipanti che hanno beneficiato di misure di sostegno rappresenta un chiaro messaggio per i governi nazionali e l’UE.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Gennaio 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Il caro alloggi è motivo di grande preoccupazione nell’UE in quanto può comportare deprivazione o insicurezza abitativa, difficoltà finanziarie e condizioni precarie degli alloggi. Inoltre, impedisce ai giovani di andare...

30 Maggio 2023
Publication
Research report
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Il 2022 si è aperto con cauto ottimismo. L’Europa stava uscendo da due anni di pandemia di COVID-19, con NextGenerationEU che definiva un piano per una ripresa che costruisse un...

4 Maggio 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

The enormity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and work of Europeans is hard to capture, but Eurofound’s priority in 2020 was to record and assess the experience of this societal upheaval across the EU Member States in all its detail, variety and modulation. Living and working in

07 May 2021

La presente relazione esamina gli sviluppi politici negli Stati membri dell’UE volti a sostenere l’inclusione delle persone con disabilità nel mercato del lavoro aperto, con un’attenzione particolare alle tre fasi di inserimento nel mercato occupazionale, permanenza nel posto di lavoro e ritorno al

19 April 2021

La presente relazione prende in esame la distribuzione della ricchezza delle famiglie negli Stati membri dell’UE e analizza il ruolo della ricchezza nella mobilità sociale. Utilizzando i dati di tre serie (l’indagine sulle finanze e sui consumi delle famiglie, l’indagine su salute, invecchiamento e

30 March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on the accessibility of health, education and care services for all Europeans. This is also the case for children, who in several countries have seen their schools closed and replaced with remote learning. They have been affected, too, by the pandemic

28 January 2021

The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report

14 December 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the human health sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

12 November 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the education sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

15 October 2020

Il diritto di accesso a servizi di cura di buona qualità è evidenziato nel pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali. La presente relazione si concentra su tre servizi di cura: l’educazione e cura della prima infanzia (ECEC), l’assistenza sanitaria e l’assistenza a lungo termine. È stato dimostrato che l

08 October 2020

This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online, among respondents who were reached via Eurofound’s

28 September 2020

Living and working in Europe, Eurofound’s 2019 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as explored in the Agency’s research activities over the course of 2019. The range of topics as a result is broad, from the growing diversity of employment

08 June 2020

Online resources results (219)

Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued conflict at the Port of Gothenburg and an increase in sick leave due to mental ill-health in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2017.

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Restrictions on extended working hours and tax reforms in the healthcare sector, strike action by family doctors, and social partner discussions on the national minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Austria: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

A new minimum wage of €1,500, the breakdown of negotiations on working time flexibility, a record low of occupational accidents and difficult working conditions in the health sector are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Spain: Agreement to reduce temporary employment in public administration

Approximately 250,000 temporary employment positions in Spain’s public administration will become permanent in the next three years, after an agreement on the issue was reached by the Spanish Ministry of Finance and Public Function and the major Spanish unions representing public employees. The

Estonia: Latest working life developments – Q1 2017

Sectoral collective bargaining in the healthcare sector, changes to the dispute resolution mechanism and equal treatment for men and women in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the first

Portugal: Gender differences in time use

A national survey, carried out in 2015, sheds light on how men and women in Portugal use their time. It shows that, especially with regard to paid work and unpaid care work, the working day for women is, on average, longer than it is for men and that women spend longer on unpaid care work.

Sweden: Work-related diseases more often caused by social factors

Work-related diseases due to organisational and social factors are increasing in Sweden, according to the Swedish Environment Authority. Since 2011, diseases due to these factors have increased by 77%. This, plus a recent spike in sick leave, has sparked a debate on how best to combat ill-health in

Norway: Equal treatment of temporary agency workers

An evaluation of the implementation of Norwegian regulations transposing the directive on temporary agency work concluded that the ‘equal treatment’ principle had led to more equality, in practice, but that challenges remained in smaller temporary work agencies and where agencies were hiring out

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The latest Country Specific Recommendations for Member States, the recent EU-level boost for social dialogue, the latest developments on the revision of the Posting of Workers Directive and recent migration initiatives are among the main topics of interest in this article. This update reports on the

Romania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Opposition to new measures to reduce public sector wage inequality, a fresh start for the Social and Economic Council, and new measures to reconcile family and working life are the main topics of interest of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in Romanian working


Blogs results (32)
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Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on

23 Giugno 2021
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Dicembre 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 Ottobre 2020
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour

3 Giugno 2020
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While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

18 Maggio 2020
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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

12 Maggio 2020
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The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

30 Maggio 2019
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Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Maggio 2019
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Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Giugno 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Ottobre 2023
Reference period:

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