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Condizioni e qualità della vita

Le condizioni e la qualità della vita rappresentano una delle sei attività principali del programma di lavoro di Eurofound per il periodo 2021-2024. Eurofound continuerà a mappare e ad analizzare gli aspetti chiave relativi al miglioramento delle condizioni di vita degli europei, comprese le informazioni sulla loro percezione della qualità della vita e della società. Dal momento che la pandemia da COVID-19 e la conseguente crisi economica hanno profondamente inciso sulla vita cittadini dell’UE, Eurofound indagherà ulteriormente sull’impatto di questa crisi sulle diverse fasi della loro vita.

Nel corso del periodo 2021-2024, la ricerca di Eurofound fornirà un’importante panoramica delle sfide e delle prospettive nel settore delle condizioni e della qualità della vita nell’UE e sul ruolo svolto da varie iniziative volte ad alleviare il disagio sociale di vari gruppi di cittadini. Di particolare interesse sono le implicazioni per gli anziani e le esigenze di assistenza nonché per i giovani e la loro inclusione e mobilità sociale, come anche le diverse conseguenze della crisi su uomini e donne.

servizi pubblici in tutta l’UE hanno svolto un ruolo importante nel far fronte alla crisi da COVID-19 affrontando al contempo sfide significative e saranno valutati in modo più dettagliato, prestando particolare attenzione a questioni quali la qualità, la disponibilità e l’accessibilità economica di tali servizi. Come hanno dimostrato i risultati precedenti, la crisi ha avuto effetti sproporzionati su alcuni gruppi in base all’età, alle mansioni di assistenza e all’ equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata , aspetti che Eurofound analizzerà ulteriormente.

In coordinamento con l’Istituto europeo per l’uguaglianza di genere (EIGE), Eurofound intende svolgere una ricerca sul divario di genere multidimensionale indagando l’impatto su uomini e donne della crisi da COVID-19 in termini di partecipazione al lavoro, condizioni di vita materiali e benessere, al fine di individuare le differenze e valutarne l’effetto sui divari di genere.

La qualità dei servizi pubblici è stata fondamentale per creare fiducia nelle istituzioni dell’Europa contemporanea e sarà cruciale per affrontare le sfide attuali e future. Quella dei servizi di qualità rappresenta altresì un’area di innovazione, soprattutto nel passaggio a servizi digitali e più rispettosi dell’ambiente e nella preparazione ad affrontare i rischi, come la pandemia, in futuro.

— Tadas Leončikas, responsabile di alto livello della ricerca, unità Politiche sociali

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 Maggio 2024
Publication
Research report

Messaggi strategici chiave

Infografica

I principali risultati emersi dalla ricerca di Eurofound servono ai responsabili politici da spunto per affrontare alcune delle questioni chiave in questo settore.

  • La percezione delle tensioni nella società è il fattore che esercita l’impatto maggiormente negativo sulla fiducia nelle istituzioni, che viene invece accresciuta in modo determinante dalla qualità percepita dei servizi pubblici.
  • È necessario offrire una migliore assistenza a lungo termine, con maggiore flessibilità. L’assistenza e l’assistenza domiciliare dovrebbero essere maggiormente disponibili, soprattutto negli Stati membri dell’UE in cui il reddito è più basso.
  • L’accesso immediato all’assistenza sanitaria di base, all’assistenza sociale e all’assistenza a lungo termine può innescare un intervento precoce e il monitoraggio dei mutevoli bisogni nonché prevenire l’intensificazione dei problemi di assistenza a lungo termine.
  • I problemi di salute mentale sono in aumento tra i giovani, anche se non è chiaro se ciò sia dovuto a una maggiore incidenza o a una migliore consapevolezza e diagnosi. La salute mentale è strettamente legata ad altre questioni giovanili e può essere sia il risultato di disuguaglianze che essa stessa una fonte di disuguaglianza. I fattori di rischio relativi ai problemi di salute mentale includono disabilità e malattie a lungo termine, problemi familiari, problemi relazionali con i coetanei e l’uso intenso dei social media.
  • Sebbene i livelli di fiducia e di coesione sociale abbiano complessivamente registrato una ripresa nell’UE dopo la crisi finanziaria, l’insorgenza della COVID-19 ha avuto un impatto significativo sul benessere dei paesi più duramente colpiti dalla pandemia.
  • I giovani sono tra i soggetti maggiormente colpiti dal blocco: insieme ai disoccupati, riferiscono i livelli di benessere più bassi, nonostante qualche miglioramento dall’inizio della pandemia. Benché la soddisfazione personale e l’ottimismo siano cresciuti a partire da aprile 2020, i giovani continuano a sentirsi esclusi dalla società e rimangono esposti a un maggior rischio di depressione, mostrando di essere più colpiti di altre categorie dalle restrizioni introdotte durante il blocco.
  • Le misure volte a mitigare i rischi per la salute mentale dei disoccupati e dei giovani in seguito alla COVID-19 saranno di importanza fondamentale nelle nuove ondate di coronavirus. Gli interventi politici in atto devono comprendere azioni volte a fornire sostegno mirato a coloro che sono in cerca di lavoro, affinché possano rimettersi in carreggiata e far fronte all’impatto della pandemia, nonché a garantire la piena partecipazione dei giovani alla società.
  • La crisi da COVID-19 ha eroso i livelli di ottimismo andando a colpire l’equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata delle donne in misura maggiore rispetto agli uomini. Sarà essenziale porre rimedio a questi effetti negativi per garantire che le donne non debbano pagare un prezzo sproporzionato per la pandemia.
  • Fare sì che i cittadini continuino ad avere fiducia nelle istituzioni nazionali ed europee deve restare un obiettivo fondamentale in tempi di crisi, dal momento che il rispetto delle misure volte a tenere sotto controllo la pandemia di COVID-19 dipende in gran parte dal grado di fiducia nelle istituzioni e nelle raccomandazioni scientifiche. Anche l’aumento della fiducia nelle istituzioni espresso dai partecipanti che hanno beneficiato di misure di sostegno rappresenta un chiaro messaggio per i governi nazionali e l’UE.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Gennaio 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Il caro alloggi è motivo di grande preoccupazione nell’UE in quanto può comportare deprivazione o insicurezza abitativa, difficoltà finanziarie e condizioni precarie degli alloggi. Inoltre, impedisce ai giovani di andare...

30 Maggio 2023
Publication
Research report
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Il 2022 si è aperto con cauto ottimismo. L’Europa stava uscendo da due anni di pandemia di COVID-19, con NextGenerationEU che definiva un piano per una ripresa che costruisse un...

4 Maggio 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Feelings of insecurity in several dimensions of life are widespread in the EU population, even among those who are materially well-off. Policymakers need to take these insecurities into account to better understand the concerns and dissatisfactions of citizens.

09 October 2018

Living and working in Europe, Eurofound’s 2017 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as recounted in the Agency’s research activities over the course of 2017. As economies recover, Eurofound reported on the positive trends in employment, with

12 June 2018

Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European Quality of Life Survey. This overview report presents the findings for the EU Member States. It uses information from

23 January 2018

With people living longer, the need for affordable care of high quality to support Europe’s population increases. Over the last ten years there has been an expansion of the private sector in terms of the number of care homes and the places they provide. This increase takes place in a context of

28 November 2017

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for central government administration. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national

17 November 2017

Employment policies tend to focus on unemployed people, but evidence indicates that many people who are economically inactive also have labour market potential. This report examines groups within the inactive population that find it difficult to enter or re-enter the labour market and explores the

31 October 2017

The ‘working poor’ are a substantial group, the latest estimate putting 10% of European workers at risk of poverty, up from 8% in 2007. This report describes the development of in-work poverty in the EU since the crisis of 2008, picking up where an earlier Eurofound report on this subject, published

05 September 2017

EU citizens are increasingly concerned that today’s young people will have fewer opportunities for upward social mobility than their parents’ generation. This report maps patterns of intergenerational social mobility in the EU countries. It first looks at absolute social mobility – how societies

19 April 2017

In the past 10 years there has been a substantial increase in the number of for-profit private hospitals, while the number of public hospitals decreases. This has been heightened by the recent economic and financial crisis where hospital closures have created new opportunities for private providers.

27 January 2017

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at work–life balance and some of the factors that help or hinder workers in combining working with non-working life.

23 December 2016

Online resources results (219)

Factors impacting negatively on work–life balance

Combining work and non-working life is becoming an increasingly important subject of interest due to the growing number of employed women in the Netherlands and the fact that government policy is directed at encouraging even more women to become active in the labour market and to work more hours

Perceptions of the impact of work on private life

Finding a balance between one’s family and professional life is one of the preconditions for personal contentment and a high quality of life. In 2005, the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (Sociologický ústav Akademie věd České republiky, SOÚ AV ČR [1]) carried

Young employees and family-friendly work practices

Between 2005 and 2007, a partnership comprising two Slovenian research institutions and the social partners carried out a study entitled ‘Young mother/Family-friendly employment [1]’; the two research bodies included the Faculty of Social Sciences (Fakulteta za družbene vede, FDV [2]) at the

Flexible working hours can hinder work–life balance

The Norwegian government has focused its efforts in the area of work-life balance [1] on adapting the working lives of parents to be compatible with family responsibilities. An example of this is the law established in 2006 giving all employees in Norway the right to flexible working hours. This law

Flexible working hours seen as key to better work–life balance

In 2006, the International Research Institutes (IriS [1]), an international association of market research companies, carried out a survey on work-life balance [2] in 24 countries, including Portugal; see below for further details about the survey methodology. The main objectives of the study were

Few Spanish workers benefit from flexible working time

Flexibility [1] in working time is one of the most valuable tools that individuals have to reconcile work with other aspects of life, particularly in relation to family duties. Thus, this practice is gradually extending throughout European workplaces as an effective way to reconcile work and

Working time flexibility improves work–life balance of working parents

Feelings of neglecting home matters because of work commitments are quite common among Finnish working parents, especially those with small children. According to the Finnish Quality of Work Life Survey (FQWLS) in 2003, in general, about one fifth of employees – 19% of women and 20% of men – without

Survey highlights rise in psychosocial demands at work

The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, formerly the National Institute of Occupational Health, has conducted the fourth Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS) covering the five-year period 2000–2005. The 2005 results indicate no clear trend of overall better or worse

Time use survey highlights changing working conditions

The latest population time use survey indicates changes in the profile of time use in Latvia in 2003, compared with 1996. In 2003, all workers used a greater part of the total weekly time budget (168 hours) for personal care and sleep; however, men spent a greater part of the total time in paid work

Barriers to promotion for female managers

In March 2007, the Centre for Sociological Research (Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, CIS [1]), a public institution which carries out studies on diverse dimensions of Spanish society, published a report entitled Women managers: Transition towards top management (in Spanish, available for


Blogs results (32)
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Discussions on Germany at European level invariably focus on the country’s strong economic performance and how this relates to the labour market and broader society. This is a narrative I have myself contributed to in a previous blog piece. However, Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

7 Marzo 2018
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The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), carried out by Eurofound every four years, explores a variety of aspects related to living standards, health, family and work–life balance, as well as people's happiness levels, satisfaction with their lives, and their perceptions regarding the quality of

21 Febbraio 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 Gennaio 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Manager Anna Ludwinek looks at the substantial section of the population that is not working and does not figure in unemployment statistics, but retains significant employment potential.

20 Dicembre 2017
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Europe – a world-class place to live and work? ‘A world-class place to live and work.’ That is how President Juncker described Europe at the summit to formally proclaim the EU Pillar of Social Rights in Gothenburg last month. And he added: ‘Europe is more than just a single market, more than money

7 Dicembre 2017
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In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be i

13 Ottobre 2017
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Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

6 Giugno 2017
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Equality of opportunity and upward social mobility are important aspects of the European social model. Until quite recently concerns about rising inequalities were often countered by assurances about protecting social mobility, and the assertion that an individual’s status is mainly down to their wo

26 Aprile 2017
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in employmen

26 Settembre 2016
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In this blog piece, originally posted on Social Europe, Eurofound Director Juan Menéndez-Valdés looks the complex and multi-faceted story of what it is to live and work in the European Union of today.

13 Giugno 2016

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Ottobre 2023
Reference period:

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