Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
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Darbo santykiai ir socialinis dialogas

Darbo santykiai ir socialinis dialogas yra viena iš šešių pagrindinių EUROFOUND 2021–2024 m. darbo programoje numatytų veiklų. EUROFOUND tęs veiklą kaip ES lygmens ekspertinis centras darbo santykių sistemų ir socialinio dialogo raidos stebėjimo ir analizės srityje. EUROFOUND ir toliau rems administracijos ir darbuotojų dialogą, atsižvelgdamas į COVID-19 poveikį ir remdamasis EUROFOUND nacionalinio lygmens korespondentų tinklo sukauptomis žiniomis.

Per ateinančius ketverius metus EUROFOUND pateiks svarbių įžvalgų, susijusių su iššūkiais ES darbo santykių ir socialinio dialogo srityse bei šių sričių ateities perspektyvomis. Sukaupęs ilgametę praktinę patirtį šioje srityje, EUROFOUND nagrinėja pagrindinius pokyčius, kurie daro poveikį darbo santykių dalyviams, procesams ir pagrindiniams rezultatams. Jis lygina nacionalines darbo santykių sistemas, įskaitant nacionaliniu lygmeniu vykstantį socialinį dialogą ir kolektyvines derybas . Remdamasis savo 2020 m. sukurtos „COVID-19 EU PolicyWatch“ duomenų bazės informacija, EUROFOUND stebės vyriausybių, socialinių partnerių ir kitų dalyvių vykdomas politikos iniciatyvas, kuriomis siekiama sušvelninti socialines ir ekonomines krizės pasekmes bei remti atsigavimo pastangas. Bus toliau rengiamos EUROFOUND reguliariai teikiamos ataskaitos apie pokyčius atlyginimo nustatymo, minimalaus darbo užmokesčio ir darbo laiko ;srityje, taip pat apie profesinio gyvenimo rezultatus.

EUROFOUND praktinė patirtis padeda socialiniams partneriams didinti pajėgumus, siekiant veiksmingo socialinio dialogo, taip pat agentūra skatina Europos socialinio dialogo vystymą, vertindama socialinių partnerių organizacijų atstovavimą skirtinguose sektoriuose, taip siekdama įvertinti jų tinkamumą dalyvauti socialinio dialogo komitetuose.

„Esame čia tam, kad remtume administracijos ir darbuotojų dialogą. Ir manau, kad duomenys, kuriuos kartu surenkame, ir tyrimai, kuriuos vykdome , yra svarbūs, jei jie padeda geriau dirbti patiems darbo santykių dalyviams... Tvirtas socialinis dialogas yra vadinamosios socialinės rinkos ekonomikos, kurios siekia Europos Sąjunga, dalis.“

David Foden, darbo santykių konsultantas

 

Topic

Recent updates

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This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results...

26 Liepa 2024
Publication
Other

Pagrindinės politikos gairės

Infografikas

Vadovaudamiesi pagrindinėmis EUROFOUND tyrimų išvadomis politikos formuotojai sprendžia kai kurias esmines problemas šioje srityje.

  • Socialiniai partneriai per kolektyvines derybas atlieka labai svarbų vaidmenį užtikrinant sąžiningą elgesį su Europos darbuotojais ir stabilią bei patikimą sistemą darbdaviams.
  • Veiksmingomis kolektyvinėmis derybomis užtikrinama, kad įmonių konkurencija skatintų veiklos našumą, o ne dirbančiųjų išnaudojimą įvedant bendras darbo užmokesčio ir darbo sąlygų taisykles.
  • Darbo santykių sistemoms vis didesnę grėsmę kelia visuomenės, darbo rinkų ir darbo organizavimo pokyčiai. Dėl to kilo su valstybių narių darbo santykių sistemų pagrindinių dalyvių pajėgumu susijusių iššūkių.
  • Kalbant apie atlyginimą, tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad septyni iš dešimties darbuotojų, gaunančių minimalųjį darbo užmokestį, vos suduria galą su galu, palyginti su mažiau nei penkiais iš dešimties kitų darbuotojų; tačiau šie skaičiai įvairiose šalyse labai skiriasi. Esant pandeminei situacijai, minimalusis darbo užmokestis gali būti viena iš politikos priemonių, kuriomis siekiama stabilizuoti pajamas ir atitinkamai paklausą, kad būtų išvengta padėties blogėjimo, galinčio lemti ekonomikos nuosmukį arba kainų smukdymą.
  • Europos socialinio dialogo veiksmingumas turi būti skatinamas stiprinant nacionalinio lygmens ryšius, siekiant, kad ES darbotvarkė išliktų aktuali, o ES autonominiai susitarimai būtų tikslingai įgyvendinami nacionaliniu lygmeniu.
  • Nors buvo pasiūlytos kelios bendros su Europos socialiniu dialogu susijusios iniciatyvos, buvo sudaryta nedaug sutarčių. Kai kuriuose sektoriuose reiškiamas susirūpinimas dėl atmestų socialinių partnerių siūlymų įgyvendinti susitarimus pasitelkiant Europos teisės aktus, taip pat dėl nepakankamų ES ir nacionalinio lygmenų ryšių, kuriuos reikia gerinti.
  • Mažėjantis profesinių sąjungų skaičius kelia nerimą daugelyje valstybių narių. Mažiau nei vienoje iš trijų (29 proc.) ES esančių darboviečių (turinčių 10 ar daugiau darbuotojų) veikia tam tikri darbuotojų atstovavimo organai. Teisiniai reikalavimai yra esminė atstovavimo didinimo priemonė.
  • Kolektyvinės derybos išlieka ES darbo santykių sistemų pagrindas. Politikos formuotojai turėtų pasinaudoti COVID-19 krizės padėtimi, siekdami parengti naujas iniciatyvas, kuriomis būtų skatinamos, stiprinamos ir remiamos kolektyvinės derybos.
  • Be socialinių partnerių pastangų, siekiant veiksmingo socialinio dialogo ir tinkamų darbo santykių, taip pat reikia viešųjų lėšų ir valdžios institucijų paramos. Politikos formuotojai turėtų pasidomėti naujomis žinių perdavimo, išteklių teikimo arba bendradarbiavimo su ES ir nacionalinio lygmenų socialiniais partneriais formomis.
  • Siekiant užtikrinti įtraukų ir tvarų vystymąsi ir socialinę pažangą ES, ypač svarbu apsaugoti ir skatinti sąžiningus, tinkamus ir darnius darbo santykius. COVID-19 pandemijai atslūgus, tai taps svarbia politikos formuotojų kryptimi, siekiant socialinių ir ekonominių ES aspektų integravimo, kaip numatyta Europos socialinių teisių ramstyje.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects in the area of industrial relations and social dialogue in the EU. With a long-established expertise in this field, Eurofound explores the main developments affecting the actors, processes and key outcomes of industrial relations. It compares national systems of industrial relations, including national social dialogue and collective bargaining. Building on its EU PolicyWatch database created in 2020, Eurofound will monitor policy initiatives by governments, social partners and other actors to cushion the social and economic fallouts of the crisis, as well as to assist in the recovery efforts. Its regular reporting on pay setting, minimum wage and working time developments, as well as working life outcomes, will be ongoing.

Eurofound’s expertise supports the capacity-building of the social partners to achieve effective social dialogue, and the Agency promotes the development of the European social dialogue by looking at the representativeness of social partner organisations in different sectors to assess their eligibility to participate in social dialogue committees.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist the European institutions, national public authorities and social partners at various levels to address the challenges facing the EU and at national level in the areas of policy formation, social dialogue, collective bargaining and the regulation of employment relations.

The Agency’s work programme is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, Eurofound will support the policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights linked to social dialogue and the involvement of workers, particularly in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific findings will be available to inform the European policy debate on minimum wages and pay transparency, as well as on working time. In consultation with the European Commission, Eurofound will continue its focused work on European social dialogue through its series of representativeness studies in selected sectors.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues its national monitoring of trends and developments in industrial relations, social dialogue, collective bargaining and working life regulations and outcomes. 

To support European social dialogue, in 2024 the Agency plans to publish studies on the representativeness of social partner organisations in six sectors: construction, extractive industries, chemical sector, road transport including urban public transport, postal and courier services, and graphical industries. In addition, studies are ongoing on the following sectors: agriculture, temporary agency work, ports, maritime transport, tanning and leather, footwear, sugar, inland waterway transport, central government administration, railways and commerce. Eurofound continues its work on initiatives to support capacity building for effective social dialogue. In 2024, the Agency launches a new phase of Tripartite Exchange Seminars in collaboration with the European Training Foundation, Cedefop and the European Environment Agency.

Eurofound carries out its annual exercise of examining the involvement of national social partners in policymaking, in the context of the European Semester process and the Recovery and Resilience Facility, which in 2024 includes findings on the role of tripartite discussions held in Economic and Social Councils in Member States having such bodies. The contribution made by sectoral social partners to the implementation of reforms and investments included in the Recovery and Resilience Plans is also analysed, looking at policy processes that link European and national policy agendas. 

Eurofound’s EU PolicyWatch database continues to capture relevant policy initiatives by governments, social partners and other actors, including those taken to mitigate the socioeconomic consequences of the war in Ukraine, as well as those related to the twin transition.

Work on outcomes in collective bargaining agreements beyond the topic of pay concludes in 2024 and the results and dataset are planned for 2025. Research also concludes on how larger increases in statutory minimum wages affect collective bargaining and collectively agreed wages for low-paid groups. 

Eurofound collaborates with the European Institute for Gender Equality in 2024 to investigate further experiences with the implementation of gender pay transparency measures, with a focus also on those Member States that have recently introduced new legislation, and how the ‘work of equal value principle’ is defined and implemented.

The annual reviews on minimum wages and on working time in the EU continue in 2024. The working life country profiles are also being updated. The ongoing monitoring of industrial relations systems includes regular updates to the European Industrial Relations Dictionary.

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Sausis 2024
Publication
Work programme
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2023 m. metinė minimaliojo darbo užmokesčio peržiūra buvo parengta precedento neturinčios infliacijos visoje Europoje aplinkybėmis. Nors dėl jos daugelyje šalių nominalusis darbo užmokestis stipriai išaugo, daugeliu atvejų to nepakako, kad...

29 Birželis 2023
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (533)

Atsižvelgdamas į savo įgaliojimus, susijusius su vadovų ir darbuotojų socialinio dialogo skatinimu, EUROFOUND ilgiau nei 40 metų stebėjo ir analizavo darbo santykių sistemų tendencijas ES lygmeniu ir ES valstybėse narėse. Ši ataskaita apie pavyzdinę iniciatyvą grindžiama darbu, kuris šiomis

11 December 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the human health sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

12 November 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the education sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

15 October 2020

Ši ataskaita grindžiama ketvirtuoju Europos įmonių tyrimo leidimu, kurį 2019 m. kartu atliko EUROFOUND ir CEDEFOP. Jame aprašoma labai įvairi Europos įmonių taikoma praktika ir strategijos, susijusios su darbo organizavimu, žmogiškųjų išteklių valdymu, įgūdžių naudojimu ir ugdymu, taip pat

13 October 2020

The aim of this report is to add to the discussion on how Eurofound can contribute to supporting capacity building of social partners for effective social dialogue. The report includes a review by Eurofound aimed at identifying the capacity-building needs and initiatives of social partners in

10 September 2020

This report assesses the role of the social partners in tackling workplace discrimination. Against the background of EU and national anti-discrimination legislation, it highlights the extent to which the need to tackle discrimination on different grounds is on the radar of cross-sectoral social

31 August 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the sea fisheries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

10 August 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the paper sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

04 August 2020

Developments in information and communication technology (ICT) have been among the key drivers of change in working life over the past two decades. Specifically, telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) exemplifies how digital technology has led to more flexible workplace and working time

02 July 2020

The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives of individuals and societies, including on the economy and labour markets, is unprecedented. The impact of the global health emergency has placed a growing number of businesses under threat, putting the jobs of more and more workers at risk and

24 June 2020

Online resources results (1770)

Strike wave across Greece may herald end of social calm

Unions all over Greece and in almost every sector of the economy have scheduled a series of strikes for October 1997 and for the first half of November which may reverse a climate of peace, as far as strikes are concerned, which has prevailed from 1990 until today.

Preparations for upcoming incomes policy negotiations have started

The Finnish social partners started the preparatory negotiations concerning the next comprehensive incomes policy solution on 30 September 1997. The discussions took place in Helsinki under the lead of the Prime Minister, Paavo Lipponen.

Public sector pay claims for 1998

In September 1997, trade unions, government departments and public employers began to submit written evidence to the five independent pay review bodies that will make recommendations on pay increases for 1.3 million public service employees in February 1998 (UK9702104N [1]). Each year, the evidence

Conference on employment, pay and working time

France's tripartite "national conference on employment, pay and working time" was held on 10 October 1997. The agenda was very full, ranging from youth employment to working time by way of pay policy. Prime Minister Lionel Jospin's most dramatic decision was a bill to implement a 35-hour working

Plans for a collective agreement in computing

In October 1997, negotiations for a collective agreement covering salaries and working conditions in the computing industry are about to start. They will cover about 10,000 employees working in software and will be conducted by the Union of Salaried Employees (Gewerkschaft der Privatangestellten

Setback for new national social pact

The budget proposed by the Belgian Government for 1998 has greatly disappointed the social partners. Although the Government had asked them to conclude a new social pact to encourage employment, they believe that it has not allocated enough resources to finance one. The partners themselves had

A wave of trade union mergers

In October 1997, six German trade unions took the decision to merge with one another, reducing the number of affiliates of the German Federation of Trade Unions (Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB) from 15 to 11 unions. There were two large merger blocks, centred around the two major industrial unions

The transition of the Hungarian industrial relations system

This is the latest in a series of articles examining the industrial relations systems of the Central and Eastern European countries which are due to start European Union accession negotiations in 1998 - see EU9708143F [1] and EU9709146F [2]. [1] www.eurofound.europa.eu/ef/observatories/eurwork

Renewal of chemicals agreement centres on working time

Bargaining over the renewal of the collective agreement for the Italian chemicals industry started in September 1997. The trade unions' platform of demands contains innovative proposals for the management of working time, which is seen as a way both to create new jobs and maintain current employment

Women workers contribute to an all-time high in trade union density

By international standards, trade union density in Sweden has always been exceptionally high. Nevertheless, just as in most western European countries, it began to decline in the mid-1980s from its all-time high. Since the beginning of the 1990s however, Swedish workers have again begun to join


Blogs results (22)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

15 Birželis 2022
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With the arrival of the month of May, the 2022 European Semester Spring Package is anticipated soon. After a transformative year in 2021, which saw the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) under NextGenerationEU, the European Semester cycle has resumed its role as the reference frame

3 Gegužė 2022
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that na

18 Birželis 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Birželis 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Spalis 2020
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The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

1 Balandis 2020
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As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

15 Sausis 2020
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Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a p

20 Lapkritis 2019
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The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

12 Lapkritis 2019
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The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law guarantee

17 Liepa 2019

Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024
Data results (10)

Eurofound publishes gross and nominal statutory minimum wages applicable in EU countries that have a statutory minimum wage.

25 Sausis 2024
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When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.