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Darba apstākļi un ilgtspējīgs darbs

Darba apstākļi un ilgtspējīgs darbs ir viena no sešām galvenajām darbībām Eurofound darba programmā 2021.–2024. gadam. Eurofound turpinās darboties kā kompetences centrs, lai uzraudzītu un analizētu norises šajā jomā, tostarp to, kā Covid-19 krīze ir ietekmējusi darba apstākļus un darba kvalitāti, kā arī praksi darbavietā.

Eurofound periodā no 2021. gada līdz 2024. gadam sniegs svarīgu ieskatu par problēmām un prognozēm, kas saistītas ar darba apstākļiem un ilgtspējīgu darbu ES. Pamatojoties uz jau sen uzkrātām zināšanām šajā jomā, Eurofound aplūkos tendences un progresu laika gaitā un noteiks jaunas problēmas saistībā ar darba apstākļiem un darba kvalitāti. Analīze aptvers dažādas valstis, nozares, profesijas un darbinieku grupas tādos jautājumos kā darba organizācijaun tāldarbs, darba laiks, darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvars, vienlīdzīga attieksme, veselība un labklājība darbavietā, prasmes un apmācība, ienākumi un izredzes un apmierinātība ar darbu. Īpaša uzmanība tiks pievērsta nestandarta nodarbinātības veidiem , jo īpaši pašnodarbinātībai.

Ņemot vērā ES demogrāfiskās problēmas saistībā ar sabiedrības novecošanu un pieaugošo darba dzīves daudzveidību, Eurofound turpinās pētīt faktorus, kas ļauj lielākam skaitam darbinieku ilgāk palikt darba tirgū. Tā arī pievērsīs uzmanību darba kvalitātes uzlabošanai kā lielākas līdzdalības darba tirgū un lielākas darbinieku motivācijas veicinātājai, sekmējot ilgtspējīgu darbu visa mūža garumā.

Saiknes starp darbu un veselību tiek pētītas ciešā sadarbībā ar Eiropas Darba drošības un veselības aizsardzības aģentūru (EU-OSHA). Eurofound mērķis ir turpināt sadarbību ar Starptautisko Darba organizāciju (SDO) jautājumos par darba nākotni un darba apstākļiem pasaules līmenī.

“Kopumā tā ir laba ziņa, jo darba apstākļi Eiropas Savienībā uzlabojas, lai arī lēni, tomēr tas, ka tas ne vienmēr attiecas uz visām darbinieku grupām, rada bažas. Tas lielā mērā ir atkarīgs no tā, kurā nozarē jūs strādājat, un, godīgi sakot, arī no iegūtās izglītības, kā arī no tā, vai esat vīrietis vai sieviete.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, Darba dzīves nodaļas vadītāja

Topic

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Galvenie politikas vēstījumi

Infografika 2021

Galvenie secinājumi, kas izriet no Eurofound pētījuma, palīdz politikas veidotājiem risināt dažus no galvenajiem jautājumiem šajā jomā.

  • Darba apstākļu uzlabošana ir būtiska darbiniekiem un darba devējiem. Ir jāņem vērā daudzi dažādi darba kvalitātes aspekti. Kvalitatīvas darbvietas nodrošina cilvēkiem ilgāku un labāku darba mūžu, veicinot ilgtspējīgu darbu un labvēlīgu darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvaru.
  • Darba apstākļi ES kopumā uzlabojas, pat ja progresa temps ir pakāpenisks. Dažās darbinieku grupās progress nav bijis tik straujš: tas ir atkarīgs no darba līguma veida, nozares un iegūtās izglītības līmeņa.
  • Ir daudz veidu, kā uzlabot darba apstākļus un darba kvalitāti ES. Valdībām noteikti ir svarīga nozīme regulējuma izveidē. Tomēr svarīgi dalībnieki ir arī strādājošie, darba devēji un to organizācijas. Daudzās darba kvalitātes dimensijās pārmaiņas notiek darbavietā.
  • Tikai viena piektdaļa Eiropas uzņēmumu ir sapratuši, kā panākt optimālu labklājību darbavietā un uzņēmējdarbības rezultatīvos rādītājus. Ir pierādīts, ka “lielas investīcijas, augsts iesaistes līmenis” darbavietās sniedz labākos rezultātus darbiniekiem un darba devējiem, uzlabojot sniegumu un darba kvalitāti, palielinot darbinieku autonomiju, atvieglojot darbinieku iesaistīšanos un veicinot apmācību un mācīšanos.
  • Daudziem cilvēkiem, galvenokārt vecākiem un citiem aprūpētājiem, ir grūtības apvienot darba un ar darbu nesaistītus pienākumus. Lai gan elastīgs darba režīms var palīdzēt risināt šīs grūtības, tas rada arī problēmas. Piemēram, tāldarbs piedāvā lielāku brīvību izvēlēties, kad un kur strādāt, bet tas var arī novest pie garāka darba laika ar lielāku intensitāti un lielākām grūtībām atslēgties no darba.
  • Tāldarba pieaugums Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā ir parādījis to, kā izplūst darba un privātās dzīves robežas. Daudzas valdības un sociālie partneri apspriež “tiesības atslēgt” iniciatīvas, lai novērstu lielas darbinieku daļas pakļaušanu fiziskas un emocionālas izsīkšanas riskam.
  • Turpmāk sociālajiem partneriem ir jācenšas jebkurā tiesiskajā regulējumā vai nolīgumos iekļaut noteikumus darbiniekiem par tāldarba brīvprātīgumu vai īpašu uzdevumu piemērotību tāldarbam. Ļoti svarīga būs arī skaidrība par to, kā darba devēji var segt izdevumus saistībā ar darbu no mājām, kā arī garantēt vienlīdzīgu atalgojumu un piekļuvi apmācībai attālināti strādājošajiem.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (568)

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change risks are associated with

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02 May 2024

Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-1

30 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 and building on a theoretical model that differentiates between job stressors and job resources, this report examines key psychosocial risks in the workplace and their impact on health.

23 November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment.

10 October 2023

Termins "hibrīddarbs" tika popularizēts līdz ar attālinātā darba uzplaukumu Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā, kad uzņēmumi un darbinieki sāka apspriest darba organizēšanas veidus pēc krīzes. Šis termins arvien vairāk izmantots, lai atsauktos uz situācijām, kurās (teledarbspējīgs) darbs tiek veikts no divām

25 May 2023

2022. gads aizsākās ar piesardzīgu optimismu. Eiropa atguvās no diviem Covid-19 pandēmijas gadiem, un NextGenerationEU nāca klajā ar atveseļošanas plānu, kas veido spēcīgu un ilgtspējīgu nākotni. Krievijas uzbrukums Ukrainai gada sākumā kardināli mainīja situāciju, taču radīja jaunus satricinājumus

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Ziņojumā aplūkoti ticami un iedomājami scenāriji, kuros analizēts, kā tāldarbs un hibrīddarbs ES varētu attīstīties līdz 2035. gadam, un to ietekme uz darba pasauli. Cik gatavi ir vadītāji un darbinieki, darba devēju organizācijas un arodbiedrības, kā arī politikas veidotāji, lai šie darba

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This paper presents an analytical summary of current academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage the transition to a carbon-neutral economy on four key domains: employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the main empirical

12 April 2023

Online resources results (1778)

Norway: Whistle-blowing and freedom of speech in the workplace

New research suggests that, while the observed amount of wrongdoing in Norwegian workplaces and the proportion of employees who chose to report this has remained relatively stable, the number of reprisals against whistle-blowers rose between 2013 and 2016, while the effectiveness of employees’

Cyprus: Disputes continue on health scheme proposals

Debate is continuing over a draft law to replace the existing public health scheme, which provides free healthcare only to patients with chronic or incurable diseases and/or who are on low incomes. Trade unions and employer organisations oppose proposals for insurance contributions, with the unions

Belgium: A short analysis of ‘Peeters law’

A law proposed by Kris Peeters, the Minister of Employment, Economy and Consumers, has been met with mixed reactions by the social partners. The law, adopted by the Chamber of Representatives in February, aims to allow more flexibility in work organisation in order to modernise the Belgian labour

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Amidst widespread union opposition, Poland’s controversial education reform plan was signed into law by the President in January and will take effect from September. The reform sees a return to the former two-tier system, with a focus on vocational training. The Polish Teachers’ Union is still not

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A national survey, carried out in 2015, sheds light on how men and women in Portugal use their time. It shows that, especially with regard to paid work and unpaid care work, the working day for women is, on average, longer than it is for men and that women spend longer on unpaid care work.

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The new law to extend the scope of parental leave, and establish an allowance for this which is proportional to income, came into force in Luxembourg on 1 December 2016. The government has also presented a draft law to increase certain types of family leave, also with the aim of achieving a better

Norway: Low-paid workers fall behind

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Norway: Improving gender balance in management posts

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Blogs results (61)
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The latest research from Eurofound on working conditions in Europe highlights that the 9-to-5 day is not the norm for many workers, and work commonly spills over into home life. Such patterns make it difficult to balance work and life outside work.

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Upcoming publications results (3)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024
Data results (1)

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