Pārlekt uz galveno saturu
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Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte

Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte ir viena no sešām galvenajām darbībām Eurofounddarba programmā 2021.–2024. gadam.Eurofound turpinās apzināt un analizēt galvenos aspektus, kas saistīti ar cilvēku dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanu Eiropā, tostarp informāciju par to, kā viņi uztver dzīves kvalitāti un sabiedrību. Tā kā Covid-19 pandēmija un tās izraisītā ekonomikas krīze ir smagi ietekmējusi cilvēku dzīvi, Eurofound turpinās pētīt šīs krīzes ietekmi uz ES pilsoņiem dažādos dzīves posmos.

Eurofound pētījumi 2021.–2024. gadā nodrošinās svarīgu izpratni par problēmām un perspektīvām dzīves apstākļu un dzīves kvalitātes jomā Eiropas Savienībā un to, cik nozīmīgas ir daudzveidīgas iniciatīvas ar mērķi mazināt sociālās grūtības, ar kurām saduras dažādas iedzīvotāju grupas. Īpaša uzmanība jāpievērš vecāka gadagājuma cilvēkiem un viņu aprūpes vajadzībām, jauniešiem un viņu sociālajai iekļaušanai un sociālajai mobilitātei, kā arī atšķirībām krīzes ietekmē uz vīriešiem un sievietēm .

Sabiedriskie pakalpojumi bija ļoti nozīmīgi Covid-19 krīzes risināšanā visā ES, taču vienlaikus šī joma saskārās ar būtiskām problēmām, un tās tiks izvērtētas sīkāk, iedziļinoties galvenokārt tādos jautājumos kā sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte, pieejamība un cenu samērīgums. Iepriekš jau tika konstatētas lielas atšķirības krīzes ietekmē uz noteiktām iedzīvotāju grupām atkarībā no vecuma, aprūpes pienākumiem un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvara , un Eurofound veiks sīkāku analīzi.

Sadarbībā ar Eiropas Dzimumu līdztiesības institūtu (EIGEEurofound plāno pētīt dzimumu atšķirības vairākos aspektos, noskaidrojot, kā Covid-19 krīze ir ietekmējusi vīriešu un sieviešu nodarbinātību, materiālos apstākļus un labklājību, lai noteiktu atšķirības un novērtētu ietekmi uz dzimumu nelīdztiesību.

„Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitātei ir bijusi būtiska nozīme, veidojot uzticēšanos iestādēm mūsdienu Eiropā, un tai būs izšķiroša nozīme pašreizējo un turpmāko problēmu risināšanā. Kvalitatīvi pakalpojumi ir arī joma, kur ieviest inovācijas, jo īpaši runājot par pāreju uz digitāliem, videi draudzīgākiem pakalpojumiem un gatavību pandēmijai līdzīgiem riskiem nākotnē.”

Tads Leončiks, Sociālās politikas daļas vecākais pētniecības vadītājs

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Galvenie politikas vēstījumi

Infografika

Galvenie secinājumi, kas izriet no Eurofound pētījumiem, palīdz politikas veidotājiem risināt dažas no būtiskākajām problēmām šajā jomā.

  • Uzticēšanos iestādēm visvairāk grauj uzskats, ka sabiedrībā valda spriedze, savukārt sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte ir galvenais faktors, kas veicina lielāku uzticēšanos iestādēm.
  • Jānodrošina plašāks – un elastīgāks – ilgtermiņa aprūpes pakalpojumu klāsts. Būtu jāpadara pieejamāka aprūpe un palīdzība mājās, jo īpaši tajās ES dalībvalstīs, kurās iedzīvotāju ienākumi ir viszemākie.
  • Ātra piekļuve primārajai veselības aprūpei, sociālajai aprūpei un ilgtermiņa aprūpei var veicināt agrīnu iejaukšanos un mainīgo vajadzību uzraudzību, kā arī novērst ilgtermiņa aprūpes problēmu saasināšanos.
  • Jauniešu garīgās veselības problēmas pieaug, lai gan nav skaidrs, vai tas ir saistīts ar biežāku saslimstību vai labāku informētību un diagnostiku. Garīgā veselība ir cieši saistīta ar citām jauniešu problēmām, un tā var būt gan nevienlīdzības rezultāts, gan nevienlīdzības cēlonis. Garīgās veselības problēmu riska faktori ietver invaliditāti un ilgstošu slimību, ģimenes problēmas, problēmas attiecībās ar vienaudžiem un sociālo plašsaziņas līdzekļu pārlieku aktīvu izmantošanu.
  • Lai gan uzticības un sociālās kohēzijas līmenis Eiropas Savienībā kopumā ir uzlabojies kopš finanšu krīzes, Covid-19 uzliesmojums ir būtiski ietekmējis labklājību valstīs, kuras pandēmija skārusi vissmagāk.
  • Jaunieši ir viena no tām sabiedrības grupām, kuras izolācijas dēļ cieš visvairāk. Līdztekus bezdarbniekiem, arī jauniešu vērtējums par savu labklājību ir viszemākais, kaut arī tas ir nedaudz uzlabojies kopš pandēmijas sākuma. Kopš 2020. gada aprīļa apmierinātība ar dzīvi un optimisms ir pieaudzis, tomēr jaunieši aizvien jūtas izstumti no sabiedrības un joprojām ir visvairāk pakļauti depresijas riskam, kas liecina, ka izolācijas laikā viņi vairāk cieš no ierobežojumiem.
  • Pasākumiem bezdarbnieku un jauniešu garīgās veselības risku mazināšanai pēc Covid-19 uzliesmojuma būs būtiska nozīme, ja sekos turpmāki koronavīrusa viļņi. Politikas pasākumos pastāvīgi jāparedz mērķorientēts atbalsts, kas ļautu darba meklētājiem atgūties un pārvarēt pandēmijas sekas, kā arī nodrošinātu jauniešiem iespēju pilnvērtīgi iekļauties sabiedrībā.
  • Salīdzinot ar vīriešiem, sieviešu optimismu un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvaru Covid-19 krīze ir iedragājusi smagāk. Ir būtiski novērst šo kaitējumu, lai nepieļautu, ka sievietes nesamērīgi cieš no pandēmijas.
  • Arī turpmāk krīzes situācijās jārūpējas, lai pilsoņi saglabātu uzticību valstu un Eiropas iestādēm, jo Covid-19 izplatības ierobežošanas pasākumu ievērošana ir lielā mērā atkarīga no uzticēšanās iestādēm un zinātnieku ieteikumiem. Arī fakts, ka uzticēšanās iestādēm ir pieaugusi starp respondentiem, kuri saņēma palīdzību atbalsta pasākumu ietvaros, pauž skaidru vēstījumu valstu valdībām un ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Janvāris 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Eiropas Savienībā lielu satraukumu rada nepietiekama mājokļu pieejamība. Tas noved pie bezpajumtniecības, mājokļa nedrošības, finansiālas spriedzes un neatbilstīgiem mājokļiem. Tas arī liedz jauniešiem pamest savu ģimenes dzīvesvietu. Šīs problēmas ietekmē...

30 Maijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022. gads aizsākās ar piesardzīgu optimismu. Eiropa atguvās no diviem Covid-19 pandēmijas gadiem, un NextGenerationEU nāca klajā ar atveseļošanas plānu, kas veido spēcīgu un ilgtspējīgu nākotni. Krievijas uzbrukums Ukrainai gada...

4 Maijs 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

This report describes over 50 cases of companies in 11 Member States that have adopted measures to support their employees with care responsibilities for disabled children or adults. Key initiatives by companies include: various types of leave; reduced working hours; and such supportive measures as

07 December 2011

Household over-indebtedness is among the causes of the current financial crisis. In turn, the crisis exacerbated both public and private debt problems. In this paper, household over-indebtedness is broadly defined as the situation where a household cannot comply with payment requirements – whether

06 December 2011

Parenting support and education encompass different types of interventions (e.g. information, training, counselling, etc.) directly linked to rearing children. The ultimate goals of parenting support and education are helping parents raise their children and having a positive impact on the physical

28 November 2011

Perceived quality of life is lower in the candidate countries of Croatia, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey than in the EU27, largely due to poverty. Women’s labour force participation is low and jobs in general are characterised by long hours and poor work–life balance. Families

13 September 2011

Europe is undergoing a previously unwitnessed ageing of the population. In view of this, social inclusion of the elderly and strategies to promote voluntary work among older people are now important items on the EU’s political agenda. This report is based on 30 case studies from 11 Member States in

08 September 2011

This report explores the subject of work and family life across Europe, looking at ways to find a better balance between the demands of work and family responsibilities. Based on data from the second European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), conducted by Eurofound in 2007, the report analyses tensions

22 August 2011

Many European countries have seen high levels of immigration from all parts of the world in the past two decades and the population of visible minority ethnic groups has grown rapidly. This report presents the results of a research programme analysing the quality of life in ethnically diverse

18 August 2011

The present document reports on the quality of the 2nd EQLS. It assesses the quality of the survey processes in all its stages, starting from the sampling design to the final dissemination of data. It also assesses the quality of the survey output on the following five key quality components set out

07 August 2011

The aim of this workshop was to contribute towards improving data on the living conditions of migrants by bringing together experts to discuss the quality of data and methods, as well as the results from research in this area. The workshop also aimed to identify areas where there is a potential need

23 March 2011

Older people have typically been seen as the beneficiaries of voluntary activities. Indeed, the role of voluntary services is likely to become increasingly important in the context of cuts in state-provided welfare services and payments as a result of the economic crisis. However, increasing

14 March 2011

Online resources results (219)

Substantial wage increases and a new bargaining situation for the medical profession

As a result of the 1996 wage settlement, medical physicians employed at Norwegian hospitals gained substantial wage increases. These increases can in part be explained by an increase in basic wages, and in part by prolonging weekly working hours through permitting more overtime and at the same time

Survey argues that UK employees are better off than their European neighbours

A combination of falling unemployment and soaring corporate profit has still not generated demands from UK workers for a round of substantial pay increases. The annual rate of growth of average earnings fell slightly from 4.5% in April 1997 to 4.25% in both May and June, according to the latest

Hospital administration and working conditions reform proposed

A public debate has begun in Portugal about the privatisation of public hospitals. Medical, paramedical and nursing unions have reacted largely negatively to proposed changes in the regulation of industrial relations, employment contracts and working conditions, and strikes were due in August

Continuity and change in pay and working time

One of the most significant transformations of British industrial relations in recent years has been the shift from national to enterprise-level bargaining. Multi-employer bargaining arrangements have tended to be replaced with multi-establishment, single employer bargaining, although there are also

Strikes in the hospital sector

The law on social welfare, adopted in November 1995, included provisions on a range of matters, such as: the submission of the social security budget to parliamentary vote; the setting up of a new tax known as "social security deficit clearance" (Remboursement de la dette sociale); the abolition of

Proposal for reform of the welfare state

On 5 March 1997, the Italian Prime Minister, Romano Prodi, informed the political parties and social partners about the report drawn up by the "Commission for macroeconomic compatibility of social expenditure", a committee of experts established by the Government and chaired by Professor Paolo

New collective agreement for hospitals

At the end of February 1997, the social partners in Luxembourg's hospital sector concluded a new collective agreement in a "cooperative" atmosphere. The deal provides for pay increases and a reduction and reorganisation of working hours for 5,000 employees.

Public sector pay policies

Three independent pay review bodies were created more than 25 years ago in what has been described as an attempt "to remove a range of highly sensitive settlements from the political arena" (P Bassett, /The Times,/ 7 February 1997). They recommended pay increases for doctors and dentists, the most

Agreement on working time at EDF and GDF

On 21 January 1997, the two French electricity and gas public utility companies signed an agreement with three trade unions ( the CFDT, the CFTC and the CFE-CGC). This agreement is designed to improve their competitiveness and productivity while at the same time maintaining their workforce at


Blogs results (32)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Maijs 2024

The state in which the EU finds itself has been described as a ‘permacrisis’, whereby the Union is confronted by challenge after challenge, and citizens are constantly having to adapt to a ‘new normal’.

11 Decembris 2023
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Spiralling housing costs are causing despair across the EU. The situation is making people anxious that they will lose their accommodation or become homeless; they may become overburdened financially or forced to live in substandard accommodation; and many young people are unable to leave home. Whil

4 Aprīlis 2023
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Lower levels of health, increasing financial pressure and a significant degree of unmet healthcare: these are the findings of the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty – a report that presents an overview of responses from over 200,000 people ac

6 Oktobris 2022
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy p

3 Augusts 2022
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Trust in national institutions has declined across the EU over the past two years. Driven by increasingly difficult economic circumstances and unreliable news sources, even people who previously expressed higher trust levels – such as those in financially secure positions – have become less trusting

25 Jūlijs 2022
Image of people waiting for tram in city street and man cycling on cycle path

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions have caused energy prices to soar. Governments seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of price increases on households have introduced energy subsidies and VAT reductions for electricity, gas and fuel. While such policies may be needed

10 Jūnijs 2022
Image of family cooking around camp fire outside home under bombardment in Ukraine

We are 100 days on from the invasion by Russia of Ukraine on 24 February, when peace in Europe was shattered. As the human tragedy began to unfold and with more than 6.8 million Ukrainians, mostly women and children, escaping their country since the start of the war, European citizens have been watc

8 Jūnijs 2022
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The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

5 Maijs 2022

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Oktobris 2023
Reference period:

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