Pārlekt uz galveno saturu
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Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte

Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte ir viena no sešām galvenajām darbībām Eurofounddarba programmā 2021.–2024. gadam.Eurofound turpinās apzināt un analizēt galvenos aspektus, kas saistīti ar cilvēku dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanu Eiropā, tostarp informāciju par to, kā viņi uztver dzīves kvalitāti un sabiedrību. Tā kā Covid-19 pandēmija un tās izraisītā ekonomikas krīze ir smagi ietekmējusi cilvēku dzīvi, Eurofound turpinās pētīt šīs krīzes ietekmi uz ES pilsoņiem dažādos dzīves posmos.

Eurofound pētījumi 2021.–2024. gadā nodrošinās svarīgu izpratni par problēmām un perspektīvām dzīves apstākļu un dzīves kvalitātes jomā Eiropas Savienībā un to, cik nozīmīgas ir daudzveidīgas iniciatīvas ar mērķi mazināt sociālās grūtības, ar kurām saduras dažādas iedzīvotāju grupas. Īpaša uzmanība jāpievērš vecāka gadagājuma cilvēkiem un viņu aprūpes vajadzībām, jauniešiem un viņu sociālajai iekļaušanai un sociālajai mobilitātei, kā arī atšķirībām krīzes ietekmē uz vīriešiem un sievietēm .

Sabiedriskie pakalpojumi bija ļoti nozīmīgi Covid-19 krīzes risināšanā visā ES, taču vienlaikus šī joma saskārās ar būtiskām problēmām, un tās tiks izvērtētas sīkāk, iedziļinoties galvenokārt tādos jautājumos kā sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte, pieejamība un cenu samērīgums. Iepriekš jau tika konstatētas lielas atšķirības krīzes ietekmē uz noteiktām iedzīvotāju grupām atkarībā no vecuma, aprūpes pienākumiem un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvara , un Eurofound veiks sīkāku analīzi.

Sadarbībā ar Eiropas Dzimumu līdztiesības institūtu (EIGEEurofound plāno pētīt dzimumu atšķirības vairākos aspektos, noskaidrojot, kā Covid-19 krīze ir ietekmējusi vīriešu un sieviešu nodarbinātību, materiālos apstākļus un labklājību, lai noteiktu atšķirības un novērtētu ietekmi uz dzimumu nelīdztiesību.

„Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitātei ir bijusi būtiska nozīme, veidojot uzticēšanos iestādēm mūsdienu Eiropā, un tai būs izšķiroša nozīme pašreizējo un turpmāko problēmu risināšanā. Kvalitatīvi pakalpojumi ir arī joma, kur ieviest inovācijas, jo īpaši runājot par pāreju uz digitāliem, videi draudzīgākiem pakalpojumiem un gatavību pandēmijai līdzīgiem riskiem nākotnē.”

Tads Leončiks, Sociālās politikas daļas vecākais pētniecības vadītājs

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Galvenie politikas vēstījumi

Infografika

Galvenie secinājumi, kas izriet no Eurofound pētījumiem, palīdz politikas veidotājiem risināt dažas no būtiskākajām problēmām šajā jomā.

  • Uzticēšanos iestādēm visvairāk grauj uzskats, ka sabiedrībā valda spriedze, savukārt sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte ir galvenais faktors, kas veicina lielāku uzticēšanos iestādēm.
  • Jānodrošina plašāks – un elastīgāks – ilgtermiņa aprūpes pakalpojumu klāsts. Būtu jāpadara pieejamāka aprūpe un palīdzība mājās, jo īpaši tajās ES dalībvalstīs, kurās iedzīvotāju ienākumi ir viszemākie.
  • Ātra piekļuve primārajai veselības aprūpei, sociālajai aprūpei un ilgtermiņa aprūpei var veicināt agrīnu iejaukšanos un mainīgo vajadzību uzraudzību, kā arī novērst ilgtermiņa aprūpes problēmu saasināšanos.
  • Jauniešu garīgās veselības problēmas pieaug, lai gan nav skaidrs, vai tas ir saistīts ar biežāku saslimstību vai labāku informētību un diagnostiku. Garīgā veselība ir cieši saistīta ar citām jauniešu problēmām, un tā var būt gan nevienlīdzības rezultāts, gan nevienlīdzības cēlonis. Garīgās veselības problēmu riska faktori ietver invaliditāti un ilgstošu slimību, ģimenes problēmas, problēmas attiecībās ar vienaudžiem un sociālo plašsaziņas līdzekļu pārlieku aktīvu izmantošanu.
  • Lai gan uzticības un sociālās kohēzijas līmenis Eiropas Savienībā kopumā ir uzlabojies kopš finanšu krīzes, Covid-19 uzliesmojums ir būtiski ietekmējis labklājību valstīs, kuras pandēmija skārusi vissmagāk.
  • Jaunieši ir viena no tām sabiedrības grupām, kuras izolācijas dēļ cieš visvairāk. Līdztekus bezdarbniekiem, arī jauniešu vērtējums par savu labklājību ir viszemākais, kaut arī tas ir nedaudz uzlabojies kopš pandēmijas sākuma. Kopš 2020. gada aprīļa apmierinātība ar dzīvi un optimisms ir pieaudzis, tomēr jaunieši aizvien jūtas izstumti no sabiedrības un joprojām ir visvairāk pakļauti depresijas riskam, kas liecina, ka izolācijas laikā viņi vairāk cieš no ierobežojumiem.
  • Pasākumiem bezdarbnieku un jauniešu garīgās veselības risku mazināšanai pēc Covid-19 uzliesmojuma būs būtiska nozīme, ja sekos turpmāki koronavīrusa viļņi. Politikas pasākumos pastāvīgi jāparedz mērķorientēts atbalsts, kas ļautu darba meklētājiem atgūties un pārvarēt pandēmijas sekas, kā arī nodrošinātu jauniešiem iespēju pilnvērtīgi iekļauties sabiedrībā.
  • Salīdzinot ar vīriešiem, sieviešu optimismu un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvaru Covid-19 krīze ir iedragājusi smagāk. Ir būtiski novērst šo kaitējumu, lai nepieļautu, ka sievietes nesamērīgi cieš no pandēmijas.
  • Arī turpmāk krīzes situācijās jārūpējas, lai pilsoņi saglabātu uzticību valstu un Eiropas iestādēm, jo Covid-19 izplatības ierobežošanas pasākumu ievērošana ir lielā mērā atkarīga no uzticēšanās iestādēm un zinātnieku ieteikumiem. Arī fakts, ka uzticēšanās iestādēm ir pieaugusi starp respondentiem, kuri saņēma palīdzību atbalsta pasākumu ietvaros, pauž skaidru vēstījumu valstu valdībām un ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Janvāris 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Eiropas Savienībā lielu satraukumu rada nepietiekama mājokļu pieejamība. Tas noved pie bezpajumtniecības, mājokļa nedrošības, finansiālas spriedzes un neatbilstīgiem mājokļiem. Tas arī liedz jauniešiem pamest savu ģimenes dzīvesvietu. Šīs problēmas ietekmē...

30 Maijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022. gads aizsākās ar piesardzīgu optimismu. Eiropa atguvās no diviem Covid-19 pandēmijas gadiem, un NextGenerationEU nāca klajā ar atveseļošanas plānu, kas veido spēcīgu un ilgtspējīgu nākotni. Krievijas uzbrukums Ukrainai gada...

4 Maijs 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

This report aims to improve understanding of the true cost of inadequate housing to EU Member States and to suggest policy initiatives that might help address its social and financial consequences.

04 August 2016

European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour

27 July 2016

Throughout Europe families have felt the effects of the economic crisis that began in 2008. This report describes their experience in the aftermath of the crisis, up to the present. It looks in detail at developments in 10 Member States that were selected to represent different types of family

27 January 2016

Freedom of movement across Member States is one of the core values of the European Union and is closely linked to European citizenship. There is, however, a heated debate in many of the host Member States about the impact of the rising inflow of mobile citizens on their public services.

10 December 2015

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at mobility and migration in the EU. It reviews the policy background and the practical issues that relate to movement between EU countries by EU citizens and into the EU from third countries.

10 December 2015

Migration is a major policy concern at national and European level. However, while Member States have put in place specific regulations to deal with certain aspects, the overall architecture of migration-related policies is perceived as a challenge. In recent months, the significant inflow of

10 December 2015

Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or

23 September 2015

Many people in Europe do not receive the social benefits to which they are entitled. This is the case across countries and for many types of benefits. Addressing this ‘non-take-up’ of benefits is critical for two key reasons: benefits do not fulfil their objective if they do not reach the people

21 September 2015

This report explores the growing role of the private sector in the provision of public services in the EU. The research is based on sector-specific case studies carried out in Lithuania, Spain, Sweden and the UK. It focuses specifically on social services of general interest (SSGIs) in the areas of

17 September 2015

Online resources results (219)

France: A legal right to switch off from work

On 19 June 2013, France’s social partners adopted a national interprofessional agreement on well-being at work which encourages businesses to find ways of avoiding intrusion on employees' private lives by defining periods when devices can be switched off and no company emails will be sent. The aim

Portugal: Effects of shiftwork

Conventional working hours in Portugal have become less common in the last few decades and shift work and night work is increasingly prevalent. A recently published study aims to look at how organisations can improve the effects of shift work on their workers, particularly in the way such work is

Italy: Work climate improves while job satisfaction declines

The third Quality of work survey report, published by Italy’s National Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training Employment and Social Policies (Isfol), provides both synthetic indicators and an accurate overview of the quality of work in Italy. It shows that while the work climate is

Measures to tackle absenteeism and stress at work

Work absenteeism statistics in Slovenia suggest that between 38,000 and 40,000 employees are off work every day. The figures show the country loses 10 million working days a year due to temporary absence from work for health reasons – such as illness and injury – or because family members need care.

Gender stereotyping still an issue among older people

On December 2013 Istat [1], Italy’s national bureau of statistics, and the Department for Equal Opportunities presented a report on gender stereotypes and discrimination. The report, Gender stereotypes, disclaimers and discrimination [2], was based on a survey [3] of discrimination based on gender

Stress and burnout prevalent in the workplace

In 2007, data from the Slovenian Government Statistical Office (in Slovenian [1]) showed that stress and depression were the second most frequent work-related problems, just behind back pain. [1] http://www.stat.si/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=1532

Better ‘workability’ means longer careers

Every three years, the Foundation for Innovation and Labour [1], part of the Flemish Social-Economic Council (SERV [2]), carries out a survey of attitudes towards work in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The results are used to assess the ‘workability’ of jobs in the region. The survey was first

Women at work: difficulties achieving work–life balance

Women’s employment patterns in Portugal have been examined in a new study, New labour dynamics and the challenges of articulation with family life (in Portuguese, 1.14 MB PDF) [1]. [1] http://sociologiapp.iscte.pt/pdfs/10340/10481.pdf

Women struggle to maintain work–life balance

A study has been carried out in Portugal on the challenges faced by women shift workers trying to balance family and working life. The study, Shift work defined in the feminine: What challenges to work–life balance? (in Portuguese, 1.04 MB PDF) [1], was the basis for a dissertation for master’s

Working conditions of professional athletes

A joint study, An analysis of the working conditions of professional sports players (4.31MB PDF) [1], has been carried out by social partners in the sector, including the European Elite Athletes Association (EU Athletes [2]) and UNI Sport PRO, the professional athletes’ branch of the Uni Europa [3]


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 Februāris 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 Decembris 2015

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Oktobris 2023
Reference period:

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