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Sociālais dialogs

Sociālo dialogu var definēt kā sarunas, konsultācijas, kopīgu rīcību, diskusijas un informācijas apmaiņu, kurā piedalās darba devēji un darba ņēmēji. Labi funkcionējošs sociālais dialogs, kurā iesaistīti daudzi dažādu līmeņu dalībnieki, ir viens no galvenajiem darba apstākļu veidošanas līdzekļiem. Tas līdzsvaro darbinieku un darba devēju intereses un veicina gan ekonomikas konkurētspēju, gan sociālo kohēziju.

Nesen notikušajās ES līmeņa politiskajās debatēs uzsvērts, ka jo īpaši kopš 2008. gada krīzes izveidojušās jaunās debates par sociālo taisnīgumu, demokrātiju, darba kvalitāti un jauniem darba attiecību modeļiem ir likušas apšaubīt tradicionālos sociālo partneru attiecību veidus un sociālā dialoga sistēmas.

Trīsdesmit gadus pēc Eiropas sociālā dialoga vēsturiskajiem pirmsākumiem Val Duchesse pilī Briselē Komisija augsta līmeņa konferencē "Jauns sākums sociālajam dialogam", kura notika 2015. gada 5. martā un kurā piedalījās sociālo partneru organizācijas no visas Eiropas, ir paziņojusi par procesa atjaunošanu. Eiropas sociālais dialogs ir ES sociālās politikas instruments, kas tieši palīdz veidot ES darba tiesību aktus un politiku.

Topic

Recent updates

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French presidency 2022: Eurofound's contribution

From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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Spanish presidency 2023: Eurofound's contribution

From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Eurofound darbs

Politikas veidotājiem vajag pārliecinošus pierādījumus, lai izprastu darba tirgū notiekošās pārmaiņas un reaģētu uz sociālo partneru attiecību mainīgo dinamiku Eiropā. Eurofound izmanto sava korespondentu tīkla 28 ES dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā savāktos datus un analīzi, lai kartētu tendences un modeļus un izceltu labi funkcionējoša sociālā dialoga piemērus Eiropas un valstu līmenī.

Eurofound pētījumos tiek analizēti tādi aspekti kā darbinieku līdzdalība, kolektīvās sarunas, darbinieku pārstāvība un sociālo partneru attiecības visos līmeņos. Tajos tiek izvērtēts, cik lielā mērā sociālo partneru attiecības ir pielāgojušās, ņemot vērā daudznacionālu organizāciju parādīšanos. Pētījumos tiek izmantota arī globāla perspektīva, salīdzinot sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmas un rezultātus ekonomikās ārpus ES, piemēram, ASV un Japānā.

Svarīgākais ieguldījums

Eurofound 40 gadu laikā ir publicējis daudz materiālu, kuros ir kartēti daudzie un mainīgie aspekti, kas raksturo sociālo dialogu Eiropā dažādos līmeņos – uzņēmumu, valstu, Eiropas un starptautiskā līmenī.

Pēdējos gados Eurofound ir veicis padziļinātu analīzi par daudziem sociālā dialoga kontekstā svarīgiem jautājumiem, piemēram: 

Eurofound reprezentativitātes pētījumi, kas saskaņā ar 2006. gadā saņemto Komisijas pilnvarojumu tiek veikti daudzās jomās, nodrošina Eiropas nozaru sociālā dialoga komiteju izveidei un darbībai vajadzīgo pamatinformāciju.

Resursi

Eiropas sociālo partneru attiecību vārdnīca, kas 2005. gadā tika izveidota kā tiešsaistes atsauces līdzeklis politikas veidotāju un praktizējošu speciālistu vajadzībām, ir vērtīga krātuve, kurā pieejama informācija par nodarbinātību un sociālo partneru attiecībām ES. Darba dzīves valstu profili sniedz svarīgu kontekstuālu informāciju par darba dzīves pamatā esošajām struktūrām, institūcijām un noteikumiem 28 ES dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā, kā arī ES līmenī.

Datubāzes par darba samaksas noteikšanas sarunām un algām, darba laiku un kolektīvajiem strīdiem ir izveidotas, lai nodrošinātu pētniekiem un politikas veidotājiem kvantitatīvu un kvalitatīvu informāciju par šiem tematiem visās dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā no 2000. gada līdz mūsdienām.

Key outputs

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Kolektīvie darba strīdi ES

Pēdējos gados ES dalībvalstīs ir vērojama vispārēja protesta akciju samazināšanās, ja neskaita dažus neregulārus kāpumus. Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā šī tendence ir turpinājusies, un nav pārsteigums, ka nozīmīgākie darba strīdi notiek...

7 Februāris 2022
Publication
Research report
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Working life in the COVID-19 pandemic 2020

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marts 2021
Publication
Other
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Sociālo partneru attiecības: norises 2015.–2019. gadā

Pildot savu pienākumu veicināt dialogu starp darba devējiem un darba ņēmējiem, Eurofound ir uzraudzījis un analizējis norises sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmās ES līmenī un ES dalībvalstīs vairāk nekā 40 gadu...

11 Decembris 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras

Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková

Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Atveseļošanas un noturības mehānisma sociālā pārvaldība: Valstu sociālo partneru iesaistīšana

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024
Publication
Research report
Darba attiecības un sociālais dialogs
Sociālais dialogs
Social partners
Sociālo partneru attiecības
Structural change

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Furniture sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Woodworking sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the social partners in European cross-industry social dialogue

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Professional football sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Ētiskā digitalizācija darbā No teorijas līdz praksei

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023
Publication
Research report
Pārmaiņu ietekmes paredzēšana un pārvaldība
Digitalisation
Working conditions
Sociālais dialogs
Agreements
Skills and training
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Inflācijas pieauguma problēmas risināšana nozaru koplīgumu sarunās par darba samaksu

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023
Publication
Research report
Darba attiecības un sociālais dialogs
Minimālā alga
Collective bargaining
Agreements
Darba samaksa un ienākumi
Sociālo partneru attiecības
Sociālais dialogs
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Involvement of social partners in the implementation of national recovery and resilience plans

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023
Publication
Research report
Social dialogue
Social partners
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations
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Trends in national social dialogue in responding to external shocks or crises: Background paper

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023
Publication
Customised report
Social dialogue
Social partners
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations
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Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Civil aviation sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations
Online resources results (435)

Patterns and trends in social partner involvement in times of crises

Patterns and trends in social partner involvement in times of crises. 20-21 March 2023, EMCO meeting hosted by the Swedish Presidency, Stockholm. Presentation by Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras, Research Manager, Eurofound.

23 Marts 2023
Presentation
Stand with Ukraine
Social dialogue
Social partners
Minimum wage
Migration and mobility
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Mixed impacts of COVID-19 on social dialogue and collective bargaining in 2020

​​​​​​​A first analysis of developments in working life in 2020 shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on social dialogue and collective bargaining in the EU, Norway and the UK, albeit to varying degrees. While in some countries, standard procedures were by and large maintained,

27 Aprīlis 2021
Article
Collective bargaining
COVID-19
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Social dialogue
Teleworking
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Changing priorities: The impact of COVID-19 on national policy agendas

A first analysis of working life policies and developments in 2020 shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has in some cases speeded up and in other cases slowed down several policy developments in the EU, Norway and the UK, albeit to varying degrees, and dependent on national contexts. Increased

22 Aprīlis 2021
Article
COVID-19
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Social dialogue
Social protection
Teleworking

EU level: Latest developments in working life Q2 2020

Activities of the European Commission and social partners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the high-level hearing on implementing the European Pillar of Social Rights and a fair EU minimum wage initiative are the main topics of interest in this article. This EU update reports on the latest

20 Jūlijs 2020
Article
COVID-19
Social dialogue
Industrial relations
Labour market policies
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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EU labour law directives and national collective agreements: A clash of cultures?

3 Jūlijs 2020
Article
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
Agreements
Industrial relations
Labour and social regulation
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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EU seeks views on the minimum wage

Against a background of growing polarisation, it is worth remembering the model of social dialogue that allows us each year to debate and reach thousands of agreements that start from different and distant positions and interests.

17 Februāris 2020
Article
Social dialogue
Pay and income
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations
Minimum wage
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Latvia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

A new agreement on overtime pay, a warning about the power balance between employers and employees, an increase in wages and a workforce deficit are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Latvia in the second quarter of

13 Septembris 2018
Article
Collective bargaining
Disability and chronic disease
Employment and labour markets
Pay and income
Social dialogue
Working time
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

New employment strategies to address labour shortages, the post-election political shift in the Chamber of Deputies and an award-winning documentary on working conditions are the main points of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

7 Februāris 2018
Article
Employment and labour markets
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Working poor
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Lithuania: Trilateral agreement promoting social dialogue signed

An agreement on reforms crucial to Lithuania’s economic growth was signed on 16 October after almost a year of discussions. The agreement, signed by Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis and representatives of the social partners, identifies long-term objectives such as improving efficiency in the

1 Decembris 2017
Article
Agreements
Social dialogue
Social partners
Industrial relations and social dialogue

EU-level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2017

Launch of the second phase consultation of social partners of the Written Statement Directive, social partners’ positions regarding aspects of the European Pillar of Social Rights​ , and President Juncker's State of the Union address are the main topics of interest in this article. This country

27 Novembris 2017
Article
Social dialogue
Social protection
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Blogs results (6)

Healthy social dialogue for a healthy healthcare sector

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembris 2023
Jorge Cabrita
Blog
Working conditions and sustainable work
Job quality
Health and well-being at work
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
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Minimum wages rise again, but the pandemic puts a brake on their growth

Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Jūnijs 2021
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
Blog
Social dialogue
Pay and income
Working poor
Minimum wage
European Pillar of Social Rights
Labour market policies
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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New impetus to collective bargaining: Insights from the ECS

In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Oktobris 2020
Christine Aumayr-Pintar
Blog
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations
Minimum wage
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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Industrial democracy still in vogue

The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Marts 2018
Christian Welz
Blog
Industrial relations
Job quality
Social dialogue
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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Trust and dialogue are the secrets to business success in times of crisis

Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Oktobris 2016
Stavroula Demetriades
Blog
Industrial relations
Innovation
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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From Val Duchesse to Riga: how to relaunch social dialogue?

The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Aprīlis 2015
Christian Welz
Blog
Social dialogue
Social partners
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Upcoming publications results (7)

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Graphical sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

National social dialogue addressing the twin transition

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Digitalisation
European Green Deal
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations
Social dialogue
Social partners

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Extractive industries sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Construction sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Chemical sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Road transport sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Postal and courier activities sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

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