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Condições e qualidade de vida

As condições e a qualidade de vida são uma das seis principais atividades do programa de trabalho da Eurofound para o período de 2021-2024. A Eurofound continuará a identificar e analisar os principais aspetos relacionados com a melhoria das condições de vida das pessoas na Europa, incluindo informações sobre a sua perceção da qualidade de vida e da sociedade. Uma vez que a pandemia da COVID-19 e a subsequente crise económica afetaram profundamente a vida das pessoas, a Eurofound continuará a investigar o impacto desta crise nos cidadãos da UE em diferentes fases da vida.

Durante o período de 2021-2024, a investigação da Eurofound proporcionará uma visão importante dos desafios e das perspetivas no domínio das condições e da qualidade de vida na UE, bem como do papel desempenhado por várias iniciativas destinadas a atenuar as dificuldades sociais de vários grupos de cidadãos. Revestem-se de especial interesse as implicações para os idosos e as necessidades de cuidados, a juventude e a sua inclusão social e mobilidade social, bem como as diferentes consequências da crise para os homens e as mulheres .

Os serviços públicos em toda a UE desempenharam um papel importante na resposta à crise da COVID-19, enfrentando simultaneamente desafios significativos, e serão avaliados com mais pormenor, centrando-se em questões como a qualidade, o acesso e a acessibilidade dos preços. Tal como demonstrado por constatações anteriores, a crise teve efeitos desproporcionados em determinados grupos, em função da idade, das responsabilidades familiares e da conciliação entre a vida profissional e a vida familiar , pelo que a Eurofound analisará mais aprofundadamente esta questão.

Em coordenação com o Instituto Europeu para a Igualdade de Género (EIGE), a Eurofound pretende investigar as disparidades multidimensionais entre géneros, investigando o impacto da crise da COVID-19 nos homens e nas mulheres em termos de participação no emprego, condições materiais de vida e bem-estar, a fim de identificar as diferenças e avaliar o seu efeito nas disparidades entre géneros.

« A qualidade dos serviços públicos tem sido fundamental para criar confiança nas instituições da Europa contemporânea e será crucial para enfrentar os desafios atuais e futuros. Os serviços de qualidade são também um domínio de inovação, especialmente na transição para serviços digitais mais respeitadores do ambiente e preparados para riscos, como a pandemia, no futuro.»

Tadas Leončikas, gestor principal de investigação, Unidade de Políticas Sociais

Topic

Recent updates

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Principais mensagens das políticas

Infografia

As principais conclusões da investigação da Eurofound servem de contributo para os decisores políticos abordarem algumas das questões-chave neste domínio.

  • A perceção das tensões na sociedade tem o impacto mais negativo na confiança nas instituições, enquanto a perceção da qualidade dos serviços públicos é um fator essencial para uma maior confiança nas instituições.
  • É necessária uma maior oferta de cuidados continuados — com maior flexibilidade. Os cuidados e a assistência ao domicílio devem ser mais disponibilizados, especialmente nos Estados-Membros da UE onde o rendimento é mais baixo.
  • O acesso rápido aos cuidados de saúde primários, aos cuidados sociais e aos cuidados continuados pode desencadear uma intervenção precoce e o acompanhamento da evolução das necessidades e evitar a escalada dos problemas de cuidados continuados.
  • Os problemas de saúde mental estão a aumentar para os jovens, embora não seja claro se tal se deve a uma maior incidência ou a uma melhor sensibilização e diagnóstico. A saúde mental está estreitamente relacionada com outras questões relacionadas com a juventude e pode ser um resultado das desigualdades e uma fonte de desigualdade por si mesma. Os fatores de risco para as questões de saúde mental incluem a deficiência e as doenças prolongadas, os problemas familiares, os problemas de relacionamento com os pares e a utilização exagerada das redes sociais.
  • Embora os níveis de confiança e coesão social tenham recuperado globalmente na UE desde a crise financeira, o início da COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo no bem-estar nos países mais afetados pela pandemia.
  • Os jovens estão cada vez mais entre quem mais está a sofrer as consequências do confinamento: juntamente com os desempregados, os jovens reportam os níveis mais baixos de bem-estar, apesar de se terem verificado algumas melhorias desde o início da pandemia. Apesar de, desde abril de 2020, os jovens estarem mais satisfeitos e otimistas em relação à sua vida, continuam a sentir-se excluídos da sociedade e permanecem em maior risco de depressão, mostrando como são mais afetados pelas restrições durante o confinamento.
  • Medidas para mitigar os riscos de saúde mental dos desempregados e dos jovens na sequência da COVID-19 serão críticas em novas vagas do Coronavírus. A prestação de apoio direcionado para permitir que aqueles que procuram trabalho voltem ao bom caminho e enfrentem o impacto da pandemia, bem como a garantia de que os jovens possam participar plenamente na sociedade, devem fazer parte das medidas políticas em curso.
  • A crise da COVID-19 reduziu os níveis de otimismo e afetou mais o equilíbrio entre vida profissional e familiar das mulheres do que a dos homens. A reparação destes danos será fundamental para assegurar que as mulheres não sofram de forma desproporcionada as consequências da pandemia.
  • A manutenção da confiança dos cidadãos nas instituições nacionais e europeias deve continuar a ser um objetivo central em tempos de crise, uma vez que o cumprimento das medidas de controlo da COVID-19 depende grandemente dos níveis de confiança nas instituições e no aconselhamento científico. O aumento dos níveis de confiança institucional expresso pelos inquiridos que beneficiaram de medidas de apoio também envia uma mensagem clara aos governos nacionais e à UE.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

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Publications results (310)

This report explores the impact material resources, social relationships, time use and perceptions of society have on individual life satisfaction, happiness and sense of belonging. It reveals that levels of individual well-being reflect levels of national prosperity and the quality of society, with

11 October 2005

This report explores how families, social networks and work–life balance issues affect quality of life. The survey shows that time constraints in the workplace impact negatively on overall quality of life, formation of families and family life. It highlights that people, particularly in the new

11 October 2005

The recent enlargement of the European Union has changed the context within which poverty and social exclusion in the Member States is understood and has highlighted the need for an expanded approach to these problems. Enlargement has widened the gap in living standards between the richest and

11 October 2005

The Foundation launched its European Quality of Life Survey in 2003. The first results of this ambitious attempt to explore quality of life issues in 28 countries – the EU25 and three candidate countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey – provide a comprehensive portrait of the face of an enlarged

16 June 2005

This report explores the distribution of time between work and private life, and the organisation of its interrelationship, as it is of pivotal importance for the overall quality of life in Europe. As a result, the relationship between the quality of economic and social development has become an

13 May 2005

This paper considers information and analysis based on the Foundation’s data and case study examples on the role of services of general interest in promoting women’s quality employment in the European Union. It highlights the importance of equal opportunity policies in shaping and modernising these

20 January 2005

The Foundation’s eighth four-year programme looks ahead to the opportunities and challenges facing the new EU, building on existing strengths, areas of expertise and proven services. It highlights future challenges for social policy in Europe and pinpoints the knowledge gaps to be addressed by the

12 October 2004

In 2003, the Foundation carried out a European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) in 28 countries. This survey examined issues such as education, household and family structures, housing, health care and employment. It provides a wide-ranging, up-to-date snapshot of quality of life and living conditions

28 September 2004

With ten new Member States joining the European Union in May 2004 and other applications in waiting, Europe’s social portrait changes profoundly. Several myths and prejudices prevail. This new report shatters some of these and provides a snapshot of the widely varying situation regarding quality of

31 August 2004

Examining quality of life in 28 European countries, including the acceding and candidate countries as well as the current Member States of the EU, this report provides, for the first time, an analysis of views and experiences of the citizens of the new Europe on aspects relating to fertility and

09 June 2004

Online resources results (219)

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

A small rise in employment, the issue of pensions, and efforts to form a new coalition government in the wake of the June General Election are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Spain in the second quarter of 2016..

Czech Republic: Transformations in the quality of working life

Findings from a recent survey aim to capture national developments in the Czech Republic in the quality of working life. Results from the survey on the nature of work, job security, workers’ experiences of stress and its intensity, and the evaluation of different aspects of work are highlighted in

Norway: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Rising unemployment, the start of the biannual collective bargaining round, a report from the expert committee on working time, and a new report focusing on young workers and sustainable work life are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments

France: Social partners approve Workplace health plan for 2016–2020

On 8 December 2015, following lengthy consultations, the government and all representative social partners at national level adopted the third Workplace health plan. The plan has two key objectives: to reinforce a culture of risk prevention and to improve the quality of working conditions.

Sweden: Government scraps contested labour market reforms

Sweden’s coalition government has reversed changes to the welfare system made by the previous centre-right government. It has removed a cut-off point of 2.5 years for claiming sickness benefit and scrapped a scheme for mandatory workplace activities for the unemployed. The decision to reverse rather

Ireland: National Minimum Wage rise follows Low Pay Commission report

The first rise in Ireland's National Minimum Wage (NMW) since 2007 was implemented on January 1, 2016. It comes after a recommendation in the Low Pay Commission’s first annual report to increase the NMW by 50 cents per hour to a new hourly rate of €9.15.

France: Agreement signed to protect compulsory supplementary pension schemes

In France, two compulsory supplementary pension schemes managed by the social partners are facing financial difficulties. The social partners have signed an agreement to protect the schemes. The agreement introduces a bonus–penalty system to encourage employees to retire later.

Denmark: Greater acceptance of LGBT colleagues in female-dominated workplaces

It is likely to be more difficult to be an LGBT person in a male-dominated Danish workplace than a female-dominated one, according to a recent union-backed survey. The survey reveals significant differences between men’s and women’s experiences regarding the acceptance of LGBT people in Danish

Spain: Impact of social dialogue among workers with disabilities

A report on the reasons for the limited integration of people with disabilities in the labour market in Spain concludes that there is no uniform approach regarding the inclusion of issues affecting disabled workers in collective agreements. The report finds that these issues are dealt with in a


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 Fevereiro 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 Dezembro 2015

Upcoming publications results (2)

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024
Data results (1)
24 Outubro 2023
Reference period:

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