Passar para o conteúdo principal
image_activity4_living_conditions_quality_of_life.png

Condições e qualidade de vida

As condições e a qualidade de vida são uma das seis principais atividades do programa de trabalho da Eurofound para o período de 2021-2024. A Eurofound continuará a identificar e analisar os principais aspetos relacionados com a melhoria das condições de vida das pessoas na Europa, incluindo informações sobre a sua perceção da qualidade de vida e da sociedade. Uma vez que a pandemia da COVID-19 e a subsequente crise económica afetaram profundamente a vida das pessoas, a Eurofound continuará a investigar o impacto desta crise nos cidadãos da UE em diferentes fases da vida.

Durante o período de 2021-2024, a investigação da Eurofound proporcionará uma visão importante dos desafios e das perspetivas no domínio das condições e da qualidade de vida na UE, bem como do papel desempenhado por várias iniciativas destinadas a atenuar as dificuldades sociais de vários grupos de cidadãos. Revestem-se de especial interesse as implicações para os idosos e as necessidades de cuidados, a juventude e a sua inclusão social e mobilidade social, bem como as diferentes consequências da crise para os homens e as mulheres .

Os serviços públicos em toda a UE desempenharam um papel importante na resposta à crise da COVID-19, enfrentando simultaneamente desafios significativos, e serão avaliados com mais pormenor, centrando-se em questões como a qualidade, o acesso e a acessibilidade dos preços. Tal como demonstrado por constatações anteriores, a crise teve efeitos desproporcionados em determinados grupos, em função da idade, das responsabilidades familiares e da conciliação entre a vida profissional e a vida familiar , pelo que a Eurofound analisará mais aprofundadamente esta questão.

Em coordenação com o Instituto Europeu para a Igualdade de Género (EIGE), a Eurofound pretende investigar as disparidades multidimensionais entre géneros, investigando o impacto da crise da COVID-19 nos homens e nas mulheres em termos de participação no emprego, condições materiais de vida e bem-estar, a fim de identificar as diferenças e avaliar o seu efeito nas disparidades entre géneros.

« A qualidade dos serviços públicos tem sido fundamental para criar confiança nas instituições da Europa contemporânea e será crucial para enfrentar os desafios atuais e futuros. Os serviços de qualidade são também um domínio de inovação, especialmente na transição para serviços digitais mais respeitadores do ambiente e preparados para riscos, como a pandemia, no futuro.»

Tadas Leončikas, gestor principal de investigação, Unidade de Políticas Sociais

Topic

Recent updates

eurofound-talks-23.png

In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Principais mensagens das políticas

Infografia

As principais conclusões da investigação da Eurofound servem de contributo para os decisores políticos abordarem algumas das questões-chave neste domínio.

  • A perceção das tensões na sociedade tem o impacto mais negativo na confiança nas instituições, enquanto a perceção da qualidade dos serviços públicos é um fator essencial para uma maior confiança nas instituições.
  • É necessária uma maior oferta de cuidados continuados — com maior flexibilidade. Os cuidados e a assistência ao domicílio devem ser mais disponibilizados, especialmente nos Estados-Membros da UE onde o rendimento é mais baixo.
  • O acesso rápido aos cuidados de saúde primários, aos cuidados sociais e aos cuidados continuados pode desencadear uma intervenção precoce e o acompanhamento da evolução das necessidades e evitar a escalada dos problemas de cuidados continuados.
  • Os problemas de saúde mental estão a aumentar para os jovens, embora não seja claro se tal se deve a uma maior incidência ou a uma melhor sensibilização e diagnóstico. A saúde mental está estreitamente relacionada com outras questões relacionadas com a juventude e pode ser um resultado das desigualdades e uma fonte de desigualdade por si mesma. Os fatores de risco para as questões de saúde mental incluem a deficiência e as doenças prolongadas, os problemas familiares, os problemas de relacionamento com os pares e a utilização exagerada das redes sociais.
  • Embora os níveis de confiança e coesão social tenham recuperado globalmente na UE desde a crise financeira, o início da COVID-19 teve um impacto significativo no bem-estar nos países mais afetados pela pandemia.
  • Os jovens estão cada vez mais entre quem mais está a sofrer as consequências do confinamento: juntamente com os desempregados, os jovens reportam os níveis mais baixos de bem-estar, apesar de se terem verificado algumas melhorias desde o início da pandemia. Apesar de, desde abril de 2020, os jovens estarem mais satisfeitos e otimistas em relação à sua vida, continuam a sentir-se excluídos da sociedade e permanecem em maior risco de depressão, mostrando como são mais afetados pelas restrições durante o confinamento.
  • Medidas para mitigar os riscos de saúde mental dos desempregados e dos jovens na sequência da COVID-19 serão críticas em novas vagas do Coronavírus. A prestação de apoio direcionado para permitir que aqueles que procuram trabalho voltem ao bom caminho e enfrentem o impacto da pandemia, bem como a garantia de que os jovens possam participar plenamente na sociedade, devem fazer parte das medidas políticas em curso.
  • A crise da COVID-19 reduziu os níveis de otimismo e afetou mais o equilíbrio entre vida profissional e familiar das mulheres do que a dos homens. A reparação destes danos será fundamental para assegurar que as mulheres não sofram de forma desproporcionada as consequências da pandemia.
  • A manutenção da confiança dos cidadãos nas instituições nacionais e europeias deve continuar a ser um objetivo central em tempos de crise, uma vez que o cumprimento das medidas de controlo da COVID-19 depende grandemente dos níveis de confiança nas instituições e no aconselhamento científico. O aumento dos níveis de confiança institucional expresso pelos inquiridos que beneficiaram de medidas de apoio também envia uma mensagem clara aos governos nacionais e à UE.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

image_event_ep_24012023.png

Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Janeiro 2024
Publication
Work programme
ef22024_card_cover.png

A falta de acesso a habitação a preços comportáveis é uma questão de grande preocupação na UE. É um problema que conduz à situação de sem abrigo, à insegurança habitacional...

30 Maio 2023
Publication
Research report
ef23016_card_cover.png

O ano de 2022 começou com um otimismo cauteloso. A Europa emergiu de dois anos da pandemia de COVID-19, com o instrumento NextGenerationEU a definir um plano para uma recuperação...

4 Maio 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
massimiliano-mascherini-2023.png

Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
sanna-nivakoski-2023.png

Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Many EU Member States have implemented reforms to improve the sustainability of their pension systems. However, the impact of discouraging early retirement and increasing the pension age on effective retirement ages is limited, as many people are unable or unmotivated to work until pension age.

09 September 2016

This report aims to improve understanding of the true cost of inadequate housing to EU Member States and to suggest policy initiatives that might help address its social and financial consequences.

04 August 2016

European countries face the challenges of ageing populations supported by shrinking workforces, more precarious types of employment, and in many cases, a decreasing number of jobs in the wake of the economic crisis. As a result, the issue of how to enable more people to participate in the labour

27 July 2016

Throughout Europe families have felt the effects of the economic crisis that began in 2008. This report describes their experience in the aftermath of the crisis, up to the present. It looks in detail at developments in 10 Member States that were selected to represent different types of family

27 January 2016

Freedom of movement across Member States is one of the core values of the European Union and is closely linked to European citizenship. There is, however, a heated debate in many of the host Member States about the impact of the rising inflow of mobile citizens on their public services.

10 December 2015

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at mobility and migration in the EU. It reviews the policy background and the practical issues that relate to movement between EU countries by EU citizens and into the EU from third countries.

10 December 2015

Migration is a major policy concern at national and European level. However, while Member States have put in place specific regulations to deal with certain aspects, the overall architecture of migration-related policies is perceived as a challenge. In recent months, the significant inflow of

10 December 2015

Since the onset of the economic crisis, the unemployment level among young people has risen sharply and although an improvement is now being registered some EU countries still have stubbornly high youth unemployment rates. Young people, especially those who are not in employment, education or

23 September 2015

Many people in Europe do not receive the social benefits to which they are entitled. This is the case across countries and for many types of benefits. Addressing this ‘non-take-up’ of benefits is critical for two key reasons: benefits do not fulfil their objective if they do not reach the people

21 September 2015

This report explores the growing role of the private sector in the provision of public services in the EU. The research is based on sector-specific case studies carried out in Lithuania, Spain, Sweden and the UK. It focuses specifically on social services of general interest (SSGIs) in the areas of

17 September 2015

Online resources results (219)

Industry-wide collective agreements under increasing pressure

The 1999 Dutch collective bargaining round has seen moves by employers in sectors like construction, healthcare and banking towards replacing their relatively detailed sector-level collective agreements with either a framework agreement or a series of company agreements. By contrast, trade unions

Annualised hours agreements: service sector leads the way

Annualised hours have long been seen as a cost-efficient means of delivering labour flexibility in industries which are subject to varying levels of demand or which have extended operating times. The basic principle behind annualised hours contracts is that working time is defined in terms of the

Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

Churches rally against the 24-hour economy

In June 1998, churches in the Netherlands began a campaign against the "24-hour economy", claiming that this phenomenon damages the well-being of society. They have asked the Government not to wait, but to take immediate action. The initiative received both support and criticism. However, research

Pay trends in Italy since the July 1993 agreement

Italy's tripartite central agreement of 23 July 1993 laid the basis for the structural reduction of inflation and eventual entry into EU Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Following the agreement, wage increases were initially lower than the inflation rate, and dependent workers' share of the

New collective agreements signed in public services

In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

The trade unionist of the 1990s?

The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes


Blogs results (32)
ef21080.png

Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on s

23 Junho 2021
ef20083.png

An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Dezembro 2020
ef20074.png

As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 Outubro 2020
image_blog_ef20065_covid_and_gender_03062020.png

​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour an

image_blog_covid_youth_18052020.png

While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

image_blog_jme_12052020.png

The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

12 Maio 2020
ef19051.png

The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

30 Maio 2019
image_1_blog_rural_europe_08052019.png

Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Maio 2019
image1_europe_s_economic_recovery_blog_18062018.jpg

Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Junho 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Outubro 2023
Reference period:

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.