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Arbetsvillkor och hållbart arbete

Arbetsvillkor och hållbart arbete är en av de sex främsta aktiviteterna i Eurofounds arbetsprogram för perioden 2021–2024. Eurofound kommer att fortsätta fungera som ett centrum för expertis som övervakar och analyserar utvecklingen på detta område, inräknat hur covid-19 -krisen har påverkat arbetsvillkor och kvalitet i arbetet, liksom praxis på arbetsplatsen.

Under 2021–2024 kommer Eurofound att tillhandahålla viktiga insikter i de utmaningar och framtidsutsikter som förknippas med arbetsvillkor och hållbart arbete i EU. Med utgångspunkt i länge etablerad expertis på området kommer Eurofound att undersöka tendenser och framsteg över tid samt identifiera nya problem gällande arbetsvillkor och kvalitet i arbetet. Analysen kommer att omfatta olika länder, sektorer, yrken och arbetstagargrupper avseende frågor som arbetsorganisationoch distansarbete, arbetstid, balans mellan arbete och fritid, likabehandling, hälsa och välbefinnande på arbetsplatsen, kompetens och utbildning, inkomster och framtidsutsikter samt arbetstillfredsställelse.Atypiska anställningsformerkommer att ges ett särskilt fokus, särskilt verksamhet som egenföretagare.

Mot bakgrund av EU:s demografiska utmaning med en åldrande befolkning och arbetslivets ökande mångfald kommer Eurofound att fortsätta utforska de faktorer som gör det möjligt för fler arbetstagare att fortsätta arbeta längre. Analysen kommer även att rikta ljuset mot förbättrad kvalitet i arbetet som ett incitament för att öka deltagandet på arbetsmarknaden och förstärka arbetstagarnas motivation, vilket bidrar till hållbart arbete genom hela livet.

Sambanden mellan arbete och hälsa kommer att undersökas i nära samarbete med Europeiska arbetsmiljöbyrån (EU-Osha). Eurofound avser att bygga vidare på sitt samarbete med Internationella arbetsorganisationen (ILO) om frågor kring framtidens arbete och arbetsvillkoren på global nivå.

"Det är totalt sett goda nyheter eftersom arbetsvillkoren inom EU förbättras – även om detta sker mycket långsamt – men problemet är att det inte nödvändigtvis är sant för alla grupper av arbetstagare. Det beror på vilken sektor du arbetar i, liksom vilken utbildningsnivå du har, och uppriktigt sagt beror det också på om du är man eller kvinna.”

Barbara Gerstenberger, chef för arbetslivsenheten

Topic

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Centrala politiska budskap

Infografik 2021

De främsta fynden från Eurofounds forskning används som underlag för beslutsfattarnas hantering av vissa av de centrala frågorna på detta område.

  • Förbättrade arbetsvillkor är avgörande för såväl arbetstagare som arbetsgivare. Många olika aspekter av arbetskvalitet måste övervägas. God kvalitet i arbetet gör att människor kan arbeta längre och ha ett bättre yrkesliv samt hjälper till att skapa hållbart arbete och en positiv balans mellan arbete och fritid.
  • Arbetsvillkoren i EU förbättras i allmänhet, även om framstegen sker gradvis. Framstegen har inte gått lika snabbt för vissa grupper av arbetstagare: det beror på typen av anställningsavtal, sektorn och nivån av utbildning.
  • Det finns många sätt att förbättra arbetsvillkoren och kvaliteten i arbetet i EU. Regeringar har verkligen en viktig roll att spela när det gäller att fastställa ramverket genom reglering. Men arbetstagarna och arbetsgivarna liksom deras organisationer är också viktiga aktörer. För många dimensioner av kvalitet i arbetet är det på arbetsplatsen som förändringarna sker.
  • Bara en femtedel av de europeiska företagen har upptäckt hemligheten bakom ett optimalt välbefinnande på arbetsplatsen och företagsresultat. Arbetsplatser i gruppen ”stora investeringar, stort inflytande” har visat sig erbjuda de bästa resultaten för arbetstagare och arbetsgivare, med förbättrade resultat och ökad kvalitet i arbetet genom att öka de anställdas autonomi, underlätta de anställdas deltagande och främja utbildning och lärande.
  • Många människor kämpar med att kombinera sitt arbete och sina åtaganden utanför arbetet, särskilt föräldrar och andra vårdnadshavare. Samtidigt som flexibla arbetsformer kan avhjälpa dessa svårigheter, medför de också utmaningar. Distansarbete erbjuder till exempel mer frihet att välja när och var man vill arbeta, men kan också leda till längre arbetstider med högre intensitet och till större svårigheter att koppla bort arbetet.
  • Det ökade distansarbetet under covid-19-pandemin har visat på de otydliga gränserna mellan arbete och privatliv. Regeringar och arbetsmarknadens parter diskuterar initiativ avseende ”rätten att koppla ned” för att förhindra att stora grupper av arbetstagare löper risk för fysisk och emotionell utmattning.
  • Arbetsmarknadens parter bör i framtiden sträva efter att införa bestämmelser för arbetstagare om distansarbetets frivilliga karaktär eller om specifika arbetsuppgifters lämplighet för distansarbete i eventuella rättsliga ramar eller avtal. Det är också viktigt att klargöra hur arbetsgivare kan bidra till utgifter i samband med att arbeta hemifrån, liksom garantier för lika lön och tillgång till utbildning för dem som arbetar på distans.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
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Publications results (568)

Although standard employment (generally full-time and permanent) remains the dominant employment type across the EU, European labour markets are increasingly characterised by a variety of different forms. These new forms of employment involve new formal employment relationships or work patterns

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The long-term care (LTC) sector employs a growing share of workers in the EU and is experiencing increasing staff shortages. The LTC workforce is mainly female and a relatively large and increasing proportion is aged 50 years or older. Migrants are often concentrated in certain LTC jobs. This report

14 December 2020

Closing gender gaps in the labour market by achieving the equal participation of women is among the key objectives of the new Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Despite significant progress in reducing the gender employment gap, it has stagnated over the past few years. Moreover, segregation in

09 December 2020

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Around three-quarters of the EU workforce is employed in the service sector, and a sizeable portion of service workers interact directly with the recipients of the services they provide, such as clients, patients, pupils and so on. This can be demanding work as it routinely places emotional demands

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How do organisations get the best out of their employees? Research on human resource management has found that a key practice is employee involvement: enabling employees to make decisions on their own work and to contribute to organisational decision-making. A high degree of employee involvement

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Online resources results (1778)

Germany: Compromise struck on new temporary agency work legislation

A revised bill on temporary agency work and service work, set to be passed by the German Federal Government in early March 2016, was finally passed by Parliament in October and awaits approval by the Federal Council. It contains limitations on the use of temporary agency work, but also provides room

Ireland: New paternity leave law could benefit up to 40,000 fathers

It is estimated that between 30,000 and 40,000 fathers a year will apply for the new paternity leave benefit which entitles a ‘relevant parent’ to claim two weeks’ continuous paid leave from his or her employment within 26 weeks of the birth/adoption of their child.

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Government measures to support employment, the representativeness of the social partner organisations, and the social partners’ failure to agree on an increase in minimum insurance thresholds are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Malta: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The restructuring exercise at Air Malta, which is nearing its end, and the changes to the Industrial Tribunal are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Malta in the third quarter of 2016.

Belgium: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The definition of hazardous jobs, measures to promote youth employment, a series of collective redundancies and proposals to alter wage formation are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the third quarter of

Italy: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new legal framework for call centres, the issue of work-related fatalities, contract renewals – especially in the large retail and textile sectors – and pension reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Italy

Hungary: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Proposals on how to tackle labour shortages, a strike by municipal employees for higher wages, and mounting tensions around reforms to education and vocational training are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Hungary

Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Good news on unemployment, criticism by social partners of sanctions on Portugal for breaking EU rules on the public deficit, and talks on increasing the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Portugal

Romania: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

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The ability to make ends meet is a vital issue for many Europeans and an important priority for European policymakers. In the immediate aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis the initial focus was to mitigate and reverse job loss, particularly in the countries most affected. With employment back to p

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In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be i

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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term ch

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Dr Erika Mezger, Eurofound's Deputy Director, outlines what the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) says about working conditions among German workers and how they compare to those of the rest of Europe.

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Upcoming publications results (3)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024
Data results (1)

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