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Životní podmínky a kvalita života

Životní podmínky a kvalita života tvoří jednu ze šesti hlavních činností pracovního programu nadace Eurofound na období 2021–2024. Eurofound bude i nadále mapovat a analyzovat klíčové aspekty související se zlepšováním životních podmínek lidí v Evropě, včetně informací o tom, jak lidé vnímají kvalitu života a společnosti. Vzhledem k tomu, že pandemie COVID-19 a následující ekonomická krize hluboce ovlivnily životy lidí, nadace Eurofound bude dále zkoumat dopad krize na občany EU v různých obdobích života.

Výzkum agentury Eurofound v období 2021–2024 poskytne důležité poznatky o výzvách a vyhlídkách v oblasti životních podmínek a kvality života v EU a o úloze, kterou plní různé iniciativy s cílem snížit sociální problémy jednotlivých skupin obyvatel. Zvláštní pozornost bude věnována dopadům na starší lidi a potřebu péče, na mladé lidi a jejich sociální začlenění a sociální mobilitu, jakož i nejrůznějším důsledkům krize pro muže a ženy .

Při řešení krize COVID-19 hrály významnou úlohu veřejné služby . Ty čelily značným výzvám a agentura Eurofound je bude posuzovat podrobněji – zaměří se na problematiku kvality, dostupnosti a cenové dostupnosti. Z předchozích poznatků vyplynulo, že krize měla neúměrný dopad na určité skupiny v závislosti na věku, pečovatelských povinnostech rovnováze mezi pracovním a soukromým životem .

Eurofound se ve spolupráci s Evropským institutem pro rovnost žen a mužů (EIGE) chystá zkoumat mnohostranné genderové rozdíly na základě toho, jaký dopad má krize COVID-19 na muže a ženy, co se týče zaměstnanosti, materiálních životních podmínek a duševní pohody, s cílem identifikovat odlišnosti a posoudit jejich vliv na genderové rozdíly.

„Při budování důvěry ve stávající evropské instituce byla klíčová kvalita veřejných služeb. Ta bude zásadní i pro překonání stávajících a budoucích výzev. Kvalitní služby představují prostor pro inovace, především při přechodu na digitální ekologičtější služby a při přípravě na budoucí rizika, například pandemie.“

Tadas Leončikas, vedoucí manažer výzkumu, oddělení sociální politiky

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Klíčová politická sdělení

Infografika

Hlavní zjištění vyplývající z výzkumu nadace Eurofound slouží jako podklad pro tvůrce politik při řešení některých klíčových problémů v této oblasti.

  • Vnímání napětí ve společnosti má nejškodlivější dopad na důvěru v instituce; klíčovým stimulem pro zvyšování důvěry v instituce je vnímaná kvalita veřejných služeb.
  • Je potřeba poskytovat dlouhodobější a flexibilnější péči. Domácí péče a pomoc by měly být dostupnější, především v těch členských státech EU, kde jsou nejnižší příjmy.
  • Okamžitá dostupnost primární zdravotní péče, sociální péče a dlouhodobé péče může zajistit včasnou intervenci a monitorování měnících se potřeb a zabránit stupňování problémů v oblasti dlouhodobé péče.
  • U mladých lidí se v čím dál větší míře projevují duševní onemocnění. Není ovšem jasné, zda je to kvůli vyššímu výskytu, nebo lepšímu povědomí a diagnostice. Duševní zdraví je úzce spjaté s dalšími problémy mladých lidí. Může být důsledkem nerovnosti nebo rovnou jejím zdrojem. K rizikovým faktorům duševních onemocnění patří zdravotní postižení a dlouhodobé onemocnění, problémy v rodině, problémy ve vztazích s vrstevníky a intenzivní používání sociálních médií.
  • Míra důvěry a sociální soudržnosti se sice od finanční krize v celé Evropě zlepšila, ale vypuknutí pandemie COVID-19 se výrazně podepsalo na duševní pohodě v nejvíce postižených zemích.
  • Ke skupinám nejvíce zasaženým omezením volného pohybu osob patří mladí lidé, kteří spolu s nezaměstnanými uvádějí nejnižší míru duševní pohody, a to i přes určité zlepšení od vypuknutí pandemie. Životní spokojenost a optimismus se sice od dubna 2020 zvýšily, ale mladí lidé se i nadále cítí vyloučeni ze společnosti a zůstávají vystaveni největšímu riziku deprese. Z toho vyplývá, že omezení volného pohybu osob na ně má větší dopad.
  • V případě dalších vln koronaviru budou mít zásadní význam opatření ke zmírnění rizik v oblasti duševního zdraví nezaměstnaných a mladých lidí v důsledku krize COVID-19. Součástí pokračujících politických opatření musí být poskytování cílené podpory s cílem umožnit uchazečům o zaměstnání znovu nalézt pracovní uplatnění a vyrovnat se s dopady pandemie a zajistit, aby se mladí lidé mohli plně zapojit do společnosti.
  • Krize COVID-19 snížila míru optimismu a ženám narušila rovnováhu mezi pracovním a soukromým životem více než mužům. Zásadním úkolem bude tyto rozdíly odstranit, aby se zajistilo, že ženy na pandemii nedoplatí neúměrně víc.
  • V době krize musí zůstat zachování důvěry občanů ve vnitrostátní a evropské instituce v centru pozornosti, protože dodržování opatření v boji s onemocněním COVID-19 výrazně závisí na míře důvěry v instituce a doporučení odborníků. Zvýšení míry důvěry v instituce uváděné respondenty, kteří využili podpůrná opatření, rovněž vysílá jasný signál vládám členských států a EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Leden 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Nedostupné bydlení v EU vzbuzuje velké obavy. Vede k bezdomovectví, nejistotě v oblasti bydlení, finančnímu tlaku a nevyhovujícímu bydlení. Brání také mladým lidem v opuštění domácnosti rodičů. Tyto problémy mají...

30 Květen 2023
Publication
Research report
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Rok 2022 začal s opatrným optimismem. Evropa se vzpamatovávala ze dvou let pandemie covidu-19, přičemž nástroj NextGenerationEU stanovil plán oživení, který je zaměřen na silnou a udržitelnou budoucnost. Ruský útok...

4 Květen 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Nadace provedla hloubkový výzkum mimoškolní péče o děti a zvláště se přitom zaměřila na vývoj zaměstnanosti a správné praxe v této oblasti. Výzkum se zabýval dvěma klíčovými aspekty uvedené otázky: iniciativami v oblasti zaměstnanosti, které podporují rozvoj kvalifikované pracovní síly v odvětví

06 November 2007

Mobilita na větší vzdálenosti není běžná: mimo svůj region se přestěhovalo pouze 18 % Evropanů, zatímco pouze 4 % se někdy přestěhovala do jiného členského státu a pouze 3 % mimo Unii. Foundation Findings (Zjištění Eurofoundu) poskytují příslušné základní informace a návrhy možných politik všem

01 November 2007

Since the Foundation was created more than 30 years ago, it has carried out research projects with different purposes and different methodologies. The case study has from the beginning been one of the methods of enquiry used. Case study research in the Foundation has taken many different forms and

27 August 2007

In both the French and Flemish communities of Belgium, out-of-school care forms part of a general policy geared towards all school-age children, and is backed up by assisted accessibility measures, mainly regarding the financial contributions from parents. However, checks still have to be carried

06 August 2007

Out-of-school care activities for children aged 6-12 years in the disadvantaged regions and localities is the same as in all other regions in the Czech Republic and there are no special facilities or services. However, the existing facilities are funded by the state, region, city and local councils

06 August 2007

Hobby schools form the main type of out-of-school care in Estonia. Hobby school activities are regulated by the Ministry of Education which provides a common curriculum and certifies instructors. They are supervised by the government and receive most of their funding from municipal governments

06 August 2007

In Germany, the out-of-school care system consists of various types of services, many of which are locally based or run by voluntary organisations, and there are no figures on general coverage available. For West Germany it can be estimated that currently still only a minority of children

06 August 2007

In the United Kingdom, out-of-school care provision has expanded to meet increased demand. It is largely a success story demonstrating that a broad societal agreement about the need for, and value of, out-of-school care can be translated into a widespread reality in a relatively short period of time

06 August 2007

In Portugal, the growth of out-of-school care in disadvantaged areas has taken place along two main lines: the development of compulsory out-of-school care services in primary schools and the development, since the mid-eighties, of publicly-subsidised NGOs working - and projects put in place - in

06 August 2007

The European Year of Mobility 2006 recognises that geographic and job mobility raises flexibility in the labour market and may contribute to job growth in the European Union. It is frequently claimed that the European Employment Strategy focuses mainly on creating more jobs and less effort is

24 July 2007

Online resources results (219)

Job satisfaction low among doctors

International online information network Healthgrouper [1] has published a report (in Bulgarian, 1.5Mb PDF) [2] on job satisfaction among doctors in Bulgaria. The survey, intended to identify factors that determined doctors’ job satisfaction, was conducted in March 2012. [1] http://healthgrouper.com

Combining work and childcare still difficult for women

The Labour Force Sample Survey (LFSS [1]) is conducted by the Czech Statistical Office (ČSÚ [2]) every quarter on a randomly selected sample of private households. It focuses on the economic status of people in the country aged 15 and over. In 2010, the LFSS contained an ad hoc module on work-life

Work-related mental stress focus of research and policy debate

An annual Absenteeism Report (in German) [1] has looked at the impact of flexible working on employees’ levels of stress and related health risks. The 2012 research was jointly compiled by WidO [2], the research institute of public health insurer AOK [3], and Bielefeld University [4]. The study was

Well-being at work in the healthcare sector

A report, Development and protection of well-being and organisational health in healthcare (in Italian, 3.88Mb PDF) [1], is being promoted by the Italian Federation of Hospital and Local Health Agencies (FIASO [2]) with the aim of establishing a shared protocol for assessing the risks of work

Low levels of company allegiance among employees

GfK [1] is a leading market research agency. Its survey on employee engagement, pressure and stress related to employment, the GfK International Employee Engagement Survey [2], was conducted by the agency’s Custom Research sector [3] in April 2011. The survey was carried out across 29 countries, and

Effects of work environment and family–life balance

The Work and Family–Life Balance Barometer 2012 (/Barómetro de Conciliación/) was created using data collected from 710 questionnaires completed by Spanish employees. Using these data, the business services consultancy firm Edenred [1] and IESE Business School [2] have published a report (in Spanish

Social partners agree on definition for quality of working life

Between March and June 2012, the social partners from employers’ associations and trade unions took part in deliberations organised by the French National Agency for the Improvement of Working Conditions (Anact [1]) on Quality of Life at Work, in preparation for negotiations on a new national

Overtime hours decreasing but still high

The General Workers’ Union (UGT [1]) has published a report on the evolution of working time (in Spanish, 720Kb PDF) [2] and extra working time among Spain’s workforce. The report is based on data provided by the Survey on Active Population (EPA [3]) collated by the Spanish National Institute of

Denmark: Rise in reported cases of bullying and violence at work

The fifth Danish Work Environment Cohort Study, carried out in 2010 by the National Research Centre for the Working Environment, revealed both improvements and a decline in conditions for Danish workers. Compared with 2005, there was a significant increase in the number of people experiencing

Finland: Fewer occupational accidents but more violence at work

The Finnish National Work and Health Survey of working conditions and occupational health is carried out every three years by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. This report examines trends in occupational accidents and violence, exposure to noise, vibration and chemical substances


Blogs results (32)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Květen 2024

The state in which the EU finds itself has been described as a ‘permacrisis’, whereby the Union is confronted by challenge after challenge, and citizens are constantly having to adapt to a ‘new normal’.

11 Prosinec 2023
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Spiralling housing costs are causing despair across the EU. The situation is making people anxious that they will lose their accommodation or become homeless; they may become overburdened financially or forced to live in substandard accommodation; and many young people are unable to leave home. Whil

4 Duben 2023
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Lower levels of health, increasing financial pressure and a significant degree of unmet healthcare: these are the findings of the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty – a report that presents an overview of responses from over 200,000 people ac

6 Říjen 2022
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy p

3 Srpen 2022
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Trust in national institutions has declined across the EU over the past two years. Driven by increasingly difficult economic circumstances and unreliable news sources, even people who previously expressed higher trust levels – such as those in financially secure positions – have become less trusting

25 Červenec 2022
Image of people waiting for tram in city street and man cycling on cycle path

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions have caused energy prices to soar. Governments seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of price increases on households have introduced energy subsidies and VAT reductions for electricity, gas and fuel. While such policies may be needed

10 Červen 2022
Image of family cooking around camp fire outside home under bombardment in Ukraine

We are 100 days on from the invasion by Russia of Ukraine on 24 February, when peace in Europe was shattered. As the human tragedy began to unfold and with more than 6.8 million Ukrainians, mostly women and children, escaping their country since the start of the war, European citizens have been watc

8 Červen 2022
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The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

5 Květen 2022

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Říjen 2023
Reference period:

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