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Elinolot ja elämän laatu

Yksi Eurofoundin vuosien 2021–2024 työohjelman kuudesta keskeisestä toimesta on elinolot ja elämän laatu. Eurofound jatkaa Euroopassa asuvien ihmisten elinolojen parantamiseen liittyvien keskeisten näkökohtien kartoittamista ja analysointia. Tämä koskee myös tietoa siitä, miten he mieltävät elämän laadun ja yhteiskunnan. Koska Covid-19 -pandemia ja siitä johtunut talouskriisi on vaikuttanut syvästi ihmisten elämään, Eurofound selvittää myös kriisin vaikutusta EU:n kansalaisiin elämän eri vaiheissa.

Eurofoundin tutkimus tuottaa vuosina 2021–2024 tärkeää tietoa haasteista ja tulevaisuudennäkymistä elinolojen ja elämän laadun alalla EU:ssa sekä niiden erilaisten aloitteiden merkityksestä, joilla on tarkoitus lieventää eri kansalaisryhmien sosiaalisia vaikeuksia. Erityistä huomiota kiinnitetään seurauksiin iäkkäille ihmisille ja hoivatarpeille, nuorille ja heidän sosiaaliselle osallisuudelleen ja sosiaaliselle liikkuvuudelleen. Lisäksi käsitellään kriisin erilaisia vaikutuksia miehiin ja naisiin .

Julkisilla palveluilla oli koko EU:ssa tärkeä tehtävä ja suuria haasteita covid-19-kriisin hallinnassa. Niitä arvioidaan yksityiskohtaisesti ja siinä keskitytään laadun, pääsyn ja kohtuullisen hinnan kaltaisiin kysymyksiin. Kuten aiemmat tulokset ovat osoittaneet, kriisi on vaikuttanut epäsuhtaisesti tiettyihin ryhmiin iän, hoivavastuiden ja työ- ja yksityiselämän tasapainon osalta. Tätä vaikutusta Eurofound tutkii perusteellisemmin.

Eurofound aikoo yhteistyössä Euroopan tasa-arvoinstituutin (EIGE) kanssa tutkia sukupuolten moniulotteista epätasa-arvoa selvittämällä, miten covid-19-kriisi on vaikuttanut miehiin ja naisiin työhön osallistumisen, olennaisten elinolojen ja hyvinvoinnin osalta. Näin voidaan havaita erot ja arvioida kriisin vaikutusta sukupuolten epätasa-arvoon.

” Julkisten palvelujen laatu on ollut keskeistä siinä, että nyky-Euroopassa luotetaan instituutioihin. Se on myös ratkaisevan tärkeää nykyisistä ja tulevista haasteista selviämisessä. Laadukkaissa palveluissa myös innovoidaan, erityisesti siirtymällä digitaalisiin ja ympäristöystävällisempiin palveluihin ja valmistautumalla kohtaamaan tulevaisuuden riskit, kuten pandemiat.”

Tadas Leončikas, sosiaalipolitiikan yksikön vanhempi tutkimusjohtaja

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 toukokuu 2024
Publication
Research report

Keskeiset poliittiset viestit

Infografiikka

Päätöksentekijät saavat Eurofoundin tutkimuksen tärkeimmistä havainnoista tietoa, jonka avulla he voivat puuttua alan keskeisiin ongelmiin.

  • Luottamusta instituutioita kohtaan heikentää eniten yhteiskunnassa esiintyvien jännitteiden kokeminen ja eniten luottamusta vahvistaa mielikuva julkisten palvelujen laadusta.
  • Pitkäaikaishoitoa tarvitaan aiempaa enemmän, ja sen on oltava joustavampaa. Kotihoidon ja -tuen saatavuutta on lisättävä erityisesti jäsenvaltioissa, joissa tulotaso on matalin.
  • Kun perusterveydenhuoltoon, sosiaalipalveluihin ja pitkäaikaishoitoon pääsee nopeasti, voidaan toimia ajoissa ja seurata muuttuvia tarpeita sekä estää pitkäaikaishoitoa koskevien ongelmien laajeneminen.
  • Nuorten mielenterveysongelmat lisääntyvät, vaikka ei olekaan selvää, johtuuko se niiden yleistymisestä vai siitä, että ne tunnetaan ja diagnosoidaan aiempaa paremmin. Mielenterveys liittyy tiiviisti muihin nuorisokysymyksiin, ja siihen liittyvät ongelmat voivat olla sekä eriarvoisuuden seuraus että sen lähde. Mielenterveysongelmien riskitekijöitä ovat vammaisuus ja pitkäaikaissairaus, perheongelmat, suhdeongelmat vertaisryhmissä ja runsas sosiaalisen median käyttö.
  • Vaikka luottamuksen ja sosiaalisen yhteenkuuluvuuden tasot ovat koko EU:ssa palanneet ennalleen rahoituskriisin jälkeen, covid-19-pandemian puhkeaminen on vaikuttanut huomattavasti hyvinvointiin maissa, joihin se iski ankarimmin.
  • Nuoret kuuluvat rajoitustoimien suurimpiin häviäjiin, sillä heidän hyvinvointinsa taso on työttömien ohella matalin, huolimatta joistakin pandemian alun jälkeen aikaansaaduista parannuksista. Vaikka tyytyväisyys elämään ja optimismi ovat lisääntyneet huhtikuun 2020 jälkeen, nuoret tuntevat olevansa edelleen syrjässä yhteiskunnasta, ja heillä on suurin riski masentua. Se osoittaa, että käytössä olleet rajoitukset vaikuttavat heihin enemmän.
  • Toimenpiteet, joilla lievennetään työttömien ja nuorten mielenterveysriskejä covid-19-pandemian jälkimainingeissa, ovat ratkaisevan tärkeitä koronaviruksen mahdollisissa uusissa aalloissa. Toimintapoliittisilla toimenpiteillä on tarjottava jatkuvasti kohdennettua tukea, jotta työtä etsivät pääsevät jälleen jaloilleen ja pystyvät selviämään pandemian vaikutuksista. Niillä on myös varmistettava, että nuoret pystyvät osallistumaan yhteiskuntaan kokonaisvaltaisesti.
  • Covid-19-kriisi on vähentänyt optimismia ja vaikuttanut enemmän naisten työ- ja yksityiselämän tasapainoon kuin miesten. Tämän vaurion korjaaminen on ratkaisevan tärkeää, jotta voidaan varmistaa, etteivät naiset joudu maksamaan pandemiasta kohtuuttomasti.
  • Kansalaisten luottamus kansallisiin ja EU:n instituutioihin on pystyttävä säilyttämään kriisiaikana, koska covid-19-pandemian hallitsemiseksi toteutettavien toimenpiteiden noudattaminen riippuu suuresti siitä, miten paljon instituutioihin ja tieteelliseen neuvontaan luotetaan. Tukitoimenpiteistä hyötyneiden vastaajien ilmoittama instituutioita kohtaan tunnetun luottamuksen kasvu on myös selkeä viesti kansallisille hallituksille ja EU:lle.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 tammikuu 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Kohtuuttoman kallis asuminen on suuri huoli EU:ssa. Se johtaa kodittomuuteen, asumiseen liittyvään epävarmuuteen, taloudelliseen ahdinkoon ja puutteelliseen asumisen tasoon. Se myös estää nuoria lähtemästä lapsuudenkodistaan. Nämä ongelmat vaikuttavat ihmisten terveyteen...

30 toukokuu 2023
Publication
Research report
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Vuosi 2022 alkoi varovaisen optimistisesti. Eurooppa oli toipumassa kaksi vuotta kestäneestä covid-19-pandemiasta, ja Euroopan unionin elpymisvälineessä esitettiin suunnitelma vahvan ja kestävän tulevaisuuden rakentamiseksi. Venäjän hyökkäys Ukrainaan alkuvuodesta muutti kuitenkin tilannetta...

4 toukokuu 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

This report draws a picture of life in present-day Croatia by looking at key indicators of quality of life, such as: the economic situation of households; housing and the local environment; employment and education; health, healthcare and access to health services; household and family size and

11 July 2007
Publication
Research report

The Foundation’s research into quality of life in Turkey is largely based on findings from the EQLS, supplemented by national data, academic surveys and related social science studies. The research offers a comparison of the social circumstances of people in Turkey with those in the ‘old’ EU15

20 May 2007
Publication
Report summary

This timely report draws on some of the findings of the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), along with other pieces of key research, on issues affecting quality of life in the candidate country, Turkey. Never before has a candidate country as unique and diverse as Turkey raised such interesting

17 May 2007
Publication
Research report

This issue of Foundation Focus places the spotlight on equal opportunities, viewed in the light of recent policy developments at EU and national level and based on Foundation research findings in this area. The aim of the series is to explore a subject of social and economic policy importance and

14 May 2007

This report summarises the main findings of the survey as presented in the reports and explores the implications of these findings for EU policy, along with challenges for future policies. Among the more interesting findings are the perception of strong social support networks across Europe, the

26 April 2007
Publication
Research report

This report addresses the key issue of time use and work–life options over the life course. The report aims to contribute to current debates on the subject, placing them in the wider context of 25 European countries and viewing them from a life course perspective. It considers the ways in which the

10 April 2007

This analytical report addresses the important question concerning the extent to which quality of work influences people’s overall quality of life. More specifically, the report undertakes a detailed analysis of how working conditions, job satisfaction and work–life balance affect life satisfaction

09 April 2007

This is a report of a conference held in Helsinki 2–3 October 2006, organised by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES) and the Finnish Institute of Occupational

22 January 2007

This analytical report addresses the interesting theme of participation in civil society, exploring the diverse range of activities that constitute active participation. A central part of the analysis involves identifying factors that influence participation, or in other words understanding why some

09 January 2007

This report explores the issue of urban–rural differences in Europe according to a number of quality of life domains, namely: income and deprivation; housing; employment and education; work–life balance; access to work, school, family, friends and services; and subjective well-being.

18 December 2006

Online resources results (219)

Belgium: Monitoring improvements in quality of work in Flanders

In 2001 the Flemish Government and social partners agreed to increase substantially the quality of jobs in the region. The Flemish workability monitor was developed to help determine progress in implementing this policy. This survey data report reviews the methods and key findings of the workability

Survey confirms effectiveness of collective agreements

As part of the European Social Fund project, ‘The practical implementation in economic spheres and enterprises of regulations regarding working conditions and safety at work’, which began in 2008, the Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia (LBAS [1]) undertakes a population survey. The aim is to

Balancing work and family life

A recent report on new trends in human resource management published by DBM Spain [1], an international human resources consultancy, presents the findings of a study carried out on a representative sample of Spanish companies covering all size categories and economic sectors. According to the report

Enhancing the well-being of miners

The increase in world market prices of metals and minerals can be seen today in the strong growth of the mining industry in Finland. The mining and metallurgy industry employs about 20,000 people, making the country one of the biggest producers of metals and industrial minerals in the European Union

EU Level: Reconciliation of work, private and family life in the European Union

The reconciliation of work, private and family life is a key area for European employment policy, which aims to increase the participation of both men and women in the labour market and to encourage initiatives to support the health and well-being of employees. This survey data report examines

Effects of shift work in the Norwegian petroleum industry on family and social life

Operations in the petroleum industry require continuous shift schedules. Although some health effects are known to result from shift work, less is known about its effect on the social and family life of the workers.

Key elements of fair employment and decent work

The report, Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health (7.29Mb PDF) [1], issued by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health in 2008, states that: [1] http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563703_eng.pdf

Impact of recession on Millennials’ career expectations

The entry into the workforce of large numbers of the Millennial generation (those born between 1980 and 2000) over the last decade or so has given them the power to reshape the rules of play at work. As a result, practitioners have become increasingly interested in this new generation. A study

Checks on efforts to reconcile work and family life

In 2009, the National Labour Inspectorate (NIP [1]) carried out checks on employers’ compliance with the law on the creation of suitable conditions for harmonisation of work and family life in Slovakia. These checks were generally aimed at ensuring compliance with working conditions [2] as defined

Poverty, social exclusion and single parent families

The research project, ‘Integrating children’s perspectives in policy-making to combat poverty and social exclusion experienced by single parent families: a transnational comparative approach’, compared social exclusion and poverty in Cyprus, Greece and the UK as they relate to single parent families


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 helmikuu 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 joulukuu 2015

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 lokakuu 2023
Reference period:

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