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Plaća i dohodak

Plaća i dohodak ključni su za radne odnose i kvalitetu života. To je pitanje dobilo još više pozornosti na razini EU-a zbog krizom izazvanih događaja u gospodarstvu i društvu u cjelini.

Topic

Recent updates

EU context

Europski stup socijalnih prava utvrđuje obveze EU-a u pogledu plaća: pravo radnika na pravednu plaću koja osigurava pristojan životni standard; osiguravanje odgovarajućih minimalnih plaća; sprečavanje siromaštva unatoč zaposlenju.

Rad Eurofounda

Eurofound redovito izvješćuje o različitim aspektima plaće i dohotka u kontekstu promjenjivih gospodarskih okolnosti u cijeloj Europi.

Praćenje plaća

S pomoću Europskog opservatorija radnog vijeka (EurWORK) Eurofound objedinjuje cijeli niz podataka o plaćama. Redovitim izvješćivanjem dobiva se dulji niz zapažanja o kolektivno ugovorenoj plaći kako bi se mogli pratiti trendovi. Eurofound redovito objavljuje tematska izvješća o zajamčenim minimalnim plaćama i kolektivno ugovorenim plaćama. Eurofound prati razvoj događaja na nacionalnoj razini u odnosu na mehanizme za određivanje plaća, jednaku plaću, varijabilnu plaću, nisku plaću i razlike u plaćama među spolovima.

Profili zemalja u pogledu radnog vijeka sadržavaju podatke o plaćama na nacionalnoj razini i redovito se ažuriraju. EurWORK održava dvije baze podataka o plaćama (vidjeti izvore u nastavku).

Eurofoundov Europski centar za praćenje poslova (EJM) prema različitim kvalitativnim mjerama, uključujući plaću, procjenjuje promjene u zaposlenosti po poslovima. To posebno doprinosi našem znanju o pojavi polarizacije zapošljavanja, tj. o mjeri u kojoj postoji veća vjerojatnost da će rast zaposlenosti biti veći u zanimanjima koja su najviše, odnosno najmanje plaćena nego u zanimanjima u kojima su plaće srednje vrijednosti.

Rezultati istraživanja

Eurofoundova istraživanja prate i situaciju u EU-u u pogledu plaća. Plaća je ključan element u Eurofoundovu istraživanju o kvaliteti rada. U Europskom istraživanju o radnim uvjetima (EWCS) zarada je jedan od sedam pokazatelja kvalitete posla. Europsko istraživanje o radnim uvjetima izvješćuje i o razlikama u plaćama među spolovima. Istražite EWCS-ov interaktivni alat za vizualizaciju podataka .

Europsko istraživanje o kvaliteti života (EWCS) prati utjecaj dohotka na životni standard te istražuje kako je nejednakost u dohodcima povezana sa socijalnom kohezijom i dobrobiti. U njemu se analizira kako je gospodarska kriza utjecala na obitelji, pridajući posebnu pažnju obiteljima s niskim dohotkom, dugu kućanstava i skupinama koje su u riziku od siromaštva. U Europskom istraživanju o kvaliteti života prikupljaju se podatci i o dohotku u mirovini te mogućnostima produljenja radnog vijeka. Istražite EQLS-ov interaktivni alat za vizualizaciju podataka.

Europsko istraživanje o poduzećima (ECS) obuhvaća upotrebu sustava varijabilnih plaća u ustanovama, kao i kolektivne ugovore o plaćama svih zaposlenika tih ustanova. Istraživanje omogućava povezivanje podataka o varijabilnoj plaći i pregovaranju o plaćama s podacima o organizaciji rada, upravljanju ljudskim resursima, izravnom sudjelovanju zaposlenika i socijalnom dijalogu, kao i učinkovitosti i dobrobiti na radnom mjestu.

Key outputs

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Godišnji pregled minimalnih plaća za 2023. pripremljen je u kontekstu dosad nezabilježene inflacije u cijeloj Europi. Iako je to dovelo do velikih povećanja nominalnih stopa plaća u brojnim zemljama, u...

29 lipnja 2023
Publication
Research report
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U ovom se izvješću analizira raspodjela bogatstva kućanstava u državama članicama EU-a i uloga bogatstva u okviru društvene mobilnosti. Izvješće je usmjereno na bogatstvo po članu kućanstva i temelji se...

30 ožujka 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (125)

The Maternity Leave Directive (92/85/EEC) is concerned with improvements in the safety and health at work of women who are pregnant, have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding. This report finds that nearly all Member States comply with the directive’s provision of granting at least two

13 July 2015

This report gives an overview of recent developments in the distribution of wages in Europe from 2004 to 2011 – the period before and after the onset of the Great Recession. While the main focus is on the EU dimension, the report analyses relevant trends and developments within countries in a

11 May 2015

This article presents some of the key developments and research findings in the EU during the first quarter of 2014. It features trends in pay, collective wage bargaining, wage-setting mechanisms and issues around minimum wages and equal pay.

18 February 2015

This article presents some of the key developments and research findings on pay in the EU during the second quarter of 2014. Post-crisis shifts in pay levels, national debates on the minimum wage and research into the gender pay gap are the main focus of this report.

18 February 2015

In the recent past, the policy debate around wage setting – both at European and the national level – has reflected the view that wages should better reflect differences in productivity developments. This article provides an overview of related debates in a number of Member States in 2014. By and

18 February 2015

This report describes the main developments in industrial relations and working conditions in 2013 in the 28 EU Member States and in Norway, from both a national and EU-level perspective. Beginning with an overview of the current economic and political context in these countries, the report goes on

16 January 2015

In order to develop effective and focused strategies to uphold social cohesion and improve happiness and quality of life in Europe, it is above all necessary to understand how complex social developments interact with each other. In particular since – as this study amply demonstrates – the different

25 November 2014

The available national data reveal that average nominal collectively agreed pay increases in 2013 were roughly the same as or lower than those in 2012 in all the countries examined. However, because of lower inflation rates, employees in a number of countries saw the purchasing power of their wages

12 June 2014

This report maps the impact of the global financial, economic and public debt crisis on industrial relations and working conditions at national level in the EU Member States from 2008 to end 2012. The impact of the crisis on industrial relations is mapped with regard to the actors, processes and

22 April 2014

The issue of wages has attracted particular attention at European level since the onset of the economic crisis. Changes in economic governance, notably within the European semester, have prompted discussions on wage‑setting mechanisms. While, overall, wage‑bargaining regimes have remained relatively

13 April 2014

Online resources results (890)

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The drafting of the State budget (including discussions on the minimum wage), civil service reforms, an agreement on the State revenue system and debates on social insurance are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Differences between social partners on a proposal to increase the minimum wage, demands by industrial trade unions for higher wages and strike action by teachers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in the

Germany: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Falling unemployment and an improved business outlook, the views of social partners on proposed equal pay legislation, and the rise of the right-wing AfD party are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Germany in the

Poland: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A protest in the public healthcare system, discontent in the education sector, significant legislative initiatives and support for a ban on Sunday shop opening are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Poland in the

Spain: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A slight fall in unemployment and trade union concerns over labour precariousness, and the need for social partners to reach agreement on a new salary pact are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Spain in the third

Germany: Latest findings from DGB Good Work Index

The German Confederation of Trade Unions (DGB) introduced the DGB Good Work Index in 2007 as a measurement tool, based on data from an annual survey, for monitoring quality of work. This article describes the background to the DGB Good Work Index, the most recent findings and the debate around the

Latvia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Radical changes in the State Revenue Service targeted at fighting corruption and the shadow economy, the battle by education and healthcare unions for better pay, and the publication of several important research reports are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on

Finland: Tripartite Competitiveness Pact signed

The ‘Competitiveness Pact’, a tripartite labour market agreement, was signed in June 2016 after over a year of difficult negotiations. The Pact involves a nationally and internationally exceptional deterioration of workers’ terms and conditions. The negotiation process had disruptive repercussions

Romania: Protests over proposed law on wage-setting in the public sector

A new emergency bill on public sector employees’ wage-setting was adopted on 8 June 2016, despite opposition and protest from trade unions.


Blogs results (22)
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Following a sluggish response by many Member States to introduce or modify gender pay transparency measures, as it recommended in 2014, the European Commission intends to table a proposal for EU-level legislation on pay transparency later in 2020. In this context, a new Eurofound study investigated

6 studenog 2020
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As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

15 siječnja 2020
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The Socialist-led Spanish government that emerged last summer had, by the end of 2018, approved a hike in the statutory minimum wage. This was agreed with the left-wing Podemos party as part of an attempt to secure the parliamentary support needed for passing the proposed 2019 budget – although fail

17 srpnja 2019
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Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across E

17 travnja 2019
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One year after Germany’s introduction of the Entgelttransparenzgesetz (Wage Transparency Act), the results are somewhat underwhelming. This law is Germany’s take on the European Commission’s recommendation on introducing pay transparency measures to combat the gender pay gap.

4 veljače 2019
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Wages grew and wage inequality fell in most EU countries in 2015. Germany is not one of the countries where wages rose most, but it did have the largest reduction of wage inequality. Our analysis shows that the German minimum wage policy introduced in 2015 strongly lifted the wages of the lowest-pai

14 lipnja 2018
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Measures to promote gender pay transparency haven’t been delivered yet in half of Europe – making EU level legislative action to speed up implementation an option. In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Christine Aumayr-Pintar details what we know about the measures from countries that ha

28 veljače 2018
Pay inequalities come back into focus in post-crisis Europe

The ability to make ends meet is a vital issue for many Europeans and an important priority for European policymakers. In the immediate aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis the initial focus was to mitigate and reverse job loss, particularly in the countries most affected. With employment back to p

3 studenog 2017
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The Great Recession depressed real income levels across European countries. But the impact was very unequal across countries and income groups. Countries in the European periphery have been more affected than those in the core, halting the process of income convergence between European countries tha

23 lipnja 2017
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EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

21 ožujka 2017

Data results (4)

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