Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
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Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė

Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė yra viena iš šešių pagrindinių EUROFOUND 2021–2024 m. darbo programos veiklos rūšių. EUROFOUND toliau planuos ir analizuos pagrindinius aspektus, susijusius su žmonių gyvenimo sąlygų gerinimu Europoje, įskaitant informaciją apie jų gyvenimo kokybės ir visuomenės suvokimą. Kadangi COVID-19 pandemija ir po to kilusi ekonomikos krizė turėjo didelės įtakos žmonių gyvenimui, EUROFOUND toliau tirs šios krizės poveikį ES piliečiams skirtingais gyvenimo etapais.

2021–2024 m. EUROFOUND tyrimas suteiks svarbių įžvalgų apie uždavinius ir perspektyvas gyvenimo sąlygų ir gyvenimo kokybės srityje ES, taip pat apie įvairių iniciatyvų, skirtų palengvinti įvairių piliečių grupių socialinius sunkumus, reikšmę. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama poveikiui vyresniems žmonėms ir priežiūros poreikiams, jaunimui ir jų socialinei įtraukčiai ir socialiniam judumui, taip pat skirtingoms krizės pasekmėms vyrams ir moterims .

Visoje ES teikiamos viešosios paslaugos atliko svarbią funkciją sprendžiant COVID-19 krizę, bet kartu joms kilo ir didelių sunkumų, ir jos bus vertinamos išsamiau, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant tokiems klausimams, kaip kokybė, pasiekiamumas ir prieinamumas. Kaip parodė ankstesnės išvados, krizė turėjo neproporcingą poveikį tam tikroms grupėms pagal amžių, priežiūros pareigas ir profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą , o EUROFOUND tai toliau analizuos.

Bendradarbiaudamas su Europos lyčių lygybės institutu (EIGE), EUROFOUND ketina ištirti daugialypę lyčių nelygybę, tirdamas COVID-19 krizės poveikį vyrams ir moterims dalyvavimo darbe, materialinių gyvenimo sąlygų ir gerovės prasme, siekiant nustatyti skirtumus ir įvertinti šios krizės poveikį lyčių nelygybei.

Viešųjų paslaugų kokybė buvo labai svarbi formuojant pasitikėjimą institucijomis šiuolaikinėje Europoje ir bus labai svarbi sprendžiant dabartines ir būsimas problemas. Kokybiškos paslaugos taip pat yra inovacijų erdvė, ypač pereinant prie skaitmeninių, aplinką tausojančių paslaugų ir ateityje pasirengiant rizikai, pavyzdžiui, pandemijai.

— Tadas Leončikas, vyresnysis mokslo tyrimų vadovas, socialinės politikos skyrius

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Pagrindinės politikos gairės

Infografikas

Vadovaudamiesi pagrindinėmis EUROFOUND tyrimų išvadomis politikos formuotojai sprendžia kai kuriuos pagrindinius šios srities klausimus.

  • Visuomenėje jaučiama įtampa labiausiai kenkia pasitikėjimui institucijomis, o suvokiama viešųjų paslaugų kokybė yra pagrindinis veiksnys, skatinantis labiau pasitikėti institucijomis.
  • Reikia daugiau ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugų, užtikrinant didesnį lankstumą. Priežiūra namuose ir pagalba turėtų būti labiau prieinama, ypač tose ES valstybėse narėse, kuriose gaunamos mažiausios pajamos.
  • Galimybė greitai gauti pirminės sveikatos priežiūros, socialinės rūpybos ir ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugas gali paskatinti ankstyvas intervencijas ir besikeičiančių poreikių stebėjimą bei užkirsti kelią ilgalaikės priežiūros problemų išaugimui.
  • Jaunų žmonių psichikos sveikatos problemos vis didėja, nors neaišku, ar taip yra dėl didesnio sergamumo, ar dėl didesnio sąmoningumo ir diagnozavimo. Psichikos sveikata yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis jaunimo problemomis ir gali būti nelygybės pasekmė ir pačios nelygybės priežastis. Psichikos sveikatos problemų rizikos veiksniai yra neįgalumas ir lėtinės ligos, šeimos problemos, santykių su bendraamžiais problemos ir intensyvus socialinių tinklų naudojimas.
  • Nors pasitikėjimo ir socialinės sanglaudos lygis ES po finansų krizės apskritai atsigavo, COVID-19 atsiradimas padarė didelę įtaką gerovei šalyse, kurias labiausiai paveikė pandemija.
  • Jauni žmonės tampa labiausiai nukentėjusiais nuo izoliavimo – jie ir bedarbiai teigia patiriantys žemiausią gerovės lygį, nors nuo pandemijos pradžios padėtis šiek tiek pagerėjo. Nors nuo 2020 m. balandžio mėn. pasitenkinimas gyvenimu ir optimizmas padidėjo, jaunuoliai ir toliau jaučiasi atskirti nuo visuomenės ir jiems vis dar kyla didžiausias depresijos pavojus, o tai rodo, kad izoliavimo metu taikyti apribojimai jiems daro didesnį poveikį.
  • Toliau kylant koronaviruso bangoms bus labai svarbu imtis priemonių, kuriomis būtų mažinama bedarbių ir jaunimo psichikos sveikatos problemų rizika. Įgyvendinant politikos priemones turi būti teikiama tikslinė parama, kad darbo ieškantys asmenys galėtų atsigauti ir susidoroti su pandemijos poveikiu, taip pat turi būti užtikrinamas jaunimo visapusiškas dalyvavimas visuomenės gyvenime.
  • COVID-19 krizė susilpnino optimizmą ir labiau paveikė moterų nei vyrų profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą. Šios žalos atitaisymas bus labai svarbus siekiant užtikrinti, kad moterys pandemijos pasekmes pajustų kuo mažiau.
  • Pagrindinis dėmesys krizės laikotarpiu turi būti skiriamas piliečių pasitikėjimo nacionalinėmis ir Europos institucijomis išlaikymui, nes COVID-19 kontrolės priemonių laikymasis labai priklauso nuo pasitikėjimo institucijomis ir mokslinėmis rekomendacijomis lygio. Padidėjęs pasitikėjimas institucijomis, apie kurį pranešė paramos priemonėmis pasinaudoję respondentai, taip pat yra aiški žinia nacionalinėms vyriausybėms ir ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Sausis 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Neįperkamas būstas ES kelia didelį susirūpinimą, nes neįperkamumas lemia benamystę, finansinius sunkumus, nesaugų ir netinkamą būstą. Be to, dėl šios priežasties jaunuoliai negali išsikelti iš tėvų namų. Šie sunkumai daro...

30 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022-ųjų pradžia buvo kupina atsargaus optimizmo. Europa pamažu ėmė atsigauti po dvejus metus trukusios COVID-19 pandemijos, o "NextGenerationEU" ekonomikos gaivinimo planas numatė stiprios ir tvarios ateities kūrimo priemones. Tačiau metų...

4 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

This report draws a picture of life in present-day Croatia by looking at key indicators of quality of life, such as: the economic situation of households; housing and the local environment; employment and education; health, healthcare and access to health services; household and family size and

11 July 2007
Publication
Research report

The Foundation’s research into quality of life in Turkey is largely based on findings from the EQLS, supplemented by national data, academic surveys and related social science studies. The research offers a comparison of the social circumstances of people in Turkey with those in the ‘old’ EU15

20 May 2007
Publication
Report summary

This timely report draws on some of the findings of the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), along with other pieces of key research, on issues affecting quality of life in the candidate country, Turkey. Never before has a candidate country as unique and diverse as Turkey raised such interesting

17 May 2007
Publication
Research report

This issue of Foundation Focus places the spotlight on equal opportunities, viewed in the light of recent policy developments at EU and national level and based on Foundation research findings in this area. The aim of the series is to explore a subject of social and economic policy importance and

14 May 2007

This report summarises the main findings of the survey as presented in the reports and explores the implications of these findings for EU policy, along with challenges for future policies. Among the more interesting findings are the perception of strong social support networks across Europe, the

26 April 2007
Publication
Research report

This report addresses the key issue of time use and work–life options over the life course. The report aims to contribute to current debates on the subject, placing them in the wider context of 25 European countries and viewing them from a life course perspective. It considers the ways in which the

10 April 2007

This analytical report addresses the important question concerning the extent to which quality of work influences people’s overall quality of life. More specifically, the report undertakes a detailed analysis of how working conditions, job satisfaction and work–life balance affect life satisfaction

09 April 2007

This is a report of a conference held in Helsinki 2–3 October 2006, organised by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, in cooperation with the National Research and Development Centre for Welfare and Health (STAKES) and the Finnish Institute of Occupational

22 January 2007

This analytical report addresses the interesting theme of participation in civil society, exploring the diverse range of activities that constitute active participation. A central part of the analysis involves identifying factors that influence participation, or in other words understanding why some

09 January 2007

This report explores the issue of urban–rural differences in Europe according to a number of quality of life domains, namely: income and deprivation; housing; employment and education; work–life balance; access to work, school, family, friends and services; and subjective well-being.

18 December 2006

Online resources results (219)

Industry-wide collective agreements under increasing pressure

The 1999 Dutch collective bargaining round has seen moves by employers in sectors like construction, healthcare and banking towards replacing their relatively detailed sector-level collective agreements with either a framework agreement or a series of company agreements. By contrast, trade unions

Annualised hours agreements: service sector leads the way

Annualised hours have long been seen as a cost-efficient means of delivering labour flexibility in industries which are subject to varying levels of demand or which have extended operating times. The basic principle behind annualised hours contracts is that working time is defined in terms of the

Budget priority should be social welfare and not tax cuts, says ESRI

The issue of "fairness" in recent Budgets has become the subject of much debate amongst the social partners and various commentators. Tax reductions in these Budgets have tended to favour middle- and high-income earners, much to the annoyance of trade unions, particularly those representing low

National Wage Board rules on pay disputes in state and municipal sectors

The 1998 spring pay settlement in the public sector (NO9806170F [1]) led to a series of strikes among public sector employees (NO9806173F [2]). Several of these strikes were referred to compulsory arbitration - ie the industrial action ceased and it was left to the National Wage Board

Pensioners' trade unions negotiate social policies with municipalities

During the 1990s, trade unions representing Italian pensioners have been trying to extend protection for older people by conducting local-level negotiations with the municipalities. The main issues discussed are income-support measures and welfare services.

Churches rally against the 24-hour economy

In June 1998, churches in the Netherlands began a campaign against the "24-hour economy", claiming that this phenomenon damages the well-being of society. They have asked the Government not to wait, but to take immediate action. The initiative received both support and criticism. However, research

Pay trends in Italy since the July 1993 agreement

Italy's tripartite central agreement of 23 July 1993 laid the basis for the structural reduction of inflation and eventual entry into EU Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Following the agreement, wage increases were initially lower than the inflation rate, and dependent workers' share of the

New collective agreements signed in public services

In recent years, German public services have seen a sharp decline in employment. Caused by a persistently high public budget deficit and exacerbated by the introduction of "new public management" or "lean state" concepts, the number of public service jobs was reduced by about half a million between

The trade unionist of the 1990s?

The face of UK trade unionism is changing, according to evidence published by the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in Trade unionists today [1] (August 1997), based on analysis of the autumn 1996 Labour Force Survey. In the past, according to the TUC, the typical UK trade unionist was once generally

Welfare reform results from negotiations between government and trade unions

The finance law for 1998 approved by the Italian Government in November 1997 contains a number of proposals for welfare reform in the areas of social security and pensions. As regards pensions, the Government has signed an agreement with the Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations which makes


Blogs results (32)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Gegužė 2024

The state in which the EU finds itself has been described as a ‘permacrisis’, whereby the Union is confronted by challenge after challenge, and citizens are constantly having to adapt to a ‘new normal’.

11 Gruodis 2023
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Spiralling housing costs are causing despair across the EU. The situation is making people anxious that they will lose their accommodation or become homeless; they may become overburdened financially or forced to live in substandard accommodation; and many young people are unable to leave home. Whil

4 Balandis 2023
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Lower levels of health, increasing financial pressure and a significant degree of unmet healthcare: these are the findings of the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty – a report that presents an overview of responses from over 200,000 people ac

6 Spalis 2022
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy p

3 Rugpjūtis 2022
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Trust in national institutions has declined across the EU over the past two years. Driven by increasingly difficult economic circumstances and unreliable news sources, even people who previously expressed higher trust levels – such as those in financially secure positions – have become less trusting

25 Liepa 2022
Image of people waiting for tram in city street and man cycling on cycle path

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions have caused energy prices to soar. Governments seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of price increases on households have introduced energy subsidies and VAT reductions for electricity, gas and fuel. While such policies may be needed

10 Birželis 2022
Image of family cooking around camp fire outside home under bombardment in Ukraine

We are 100 days on from the invasion by Russia of Ukraine on 24 February, when peace in Europe was shattered. As the human tragedy began to unfold and with more than 6.8 million Ukrainians, mostly women and children, escaping their country since the start of the war, European citizens have been watc

8 Birželis 2022
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The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

5 Gegužė 2022

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Spalis 2023
Reference period:

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