Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
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Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė

Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė yra viena iš šešių pagrindinių EUROFOUND 2021–2024 m. darbo programos veiklos rūšių. EUROFOUND toliau planuos ir analizuos pagrindinius aspektus, susijusius su žmonių gyvenimo sąlygų gerinimu Europoje, įskaitant informaciją apie jų gyvenimo kokybės ir visuomenės suvokimą. Kadangi COVID-19 pandemija ir po to kilusi ekonomikos krizė turėjo didelės įtakos žmonių gyvenimui, EUROFOUND toliau tirs šios krizės poveikį ES piliečiams skirtingais gyvenimo etapais.

2021–2024 m. EUROFOUND tyrimas suteiks svarbių įžvalgų apie uždavinius ir perspektyvas gyvenimo sąlygų ir gyvenimo kokybės srityje ES, taip pat apie įvairių iniciatyvų, skirtų palengvinti įvairių piliečių grupių socialinius sunkumus, reikšmę. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama poveikiui vyresniems žmonėms ir priežiūros poreikiams, jaunimui ir jų socialinei įtraukčiai ir socialiniam judumui, taip pat skirtingoms krizės pasekmėms vyrams ir moterims .

Visoje ES teikiamos viešosios paslaugos atliko svarbią funkciją sprendžiant COVID-19 krizę, bet kartu joms kilo ir didelių sunkumų, ir jos bus vertinamos išsamiau, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant tokiems klausimams, kaip kokybė, pasiekiamumas ir prieinamumas. Kaip parodė ankstesnės išvados, krizė turėjo neproporcingą poveikį tam tikroms grupėms pagal amžių, priežiūros pareigas ir profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą , o EUROFOUND tai toliau analizuos.

Bendradarbiaudamas su Europos lyčių lygybės institutu (EIGE), EUROFOUND ketina ištirti daugialypę lyčių nelygybę, tirdamas COVID-19 krizės poveikį vyrams ir moterims dalyvavimo darbe, materialinių gyvenimo sąlygų ir gerovės prasme, siekiant nustatyti skirtumus ir įvertinti šios krizės poveikį lyčių nelygybei.

Viešųjų paslaugų kokybė buvo labai svarbi formuojant pasitikėjimą institucijomis šiuolaikinėje Europoje ir bus labai svarbi sprendžiant dabartines ir būsimas problemas. Kokybiškos paslaugos taip pat yra inovacijų erdvė, ypač pereinant prie skaitmeninių, aplinką tausojančių paslaugų ir ateityje pasirengiant rizikai, pavyzdžiui, pandemijai.

— Tadas Leončikas, vyresnysis mokslo tyrimų vadovas, socialinės politikos skyrius

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Pagrindinės politikos gairės

Infografikas

Vadovaudamiesi pagrindinėmis EUROFOUND tyrimų išvadomis politikos formuotojai sprendžia kai kuriuos pagrindinius šios srities klausimus.

  • Visuomenėje jaučiama įtampa labiausiai kenkia pasitikėjimui institucijomis, o suvokiama viešųjų paslaugų kokybė yra pagrindinis veiksnys, skatinantis labiau pasitikėti institucijomis.
  • Reikia daugiau ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugų, užtikrinant didesnį lankstumą. Priežiūra namuose ir pagalba turėtų būti labiau prieinama, ypač tose ES valstybėse narėse, kuriose gaunamos mažiausios pajamos.
  • Galimybė greitai gauti pirminės sveikatos priežiūros, socialinės rūpybos ir ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugas gali paskatinti ankstyvas intervencijas ir besikeičiančių poreikių stebėjimą bei užkirsti kelią ilgalaikės priežiūros problemų išaugimui.
  • Jaunų žmonių psichikos sveikatos problemos vis didėja, nors neaišku, ar taip yra dėl didesnio sergamumo, ar dėl didesnio sąmoningumo ir diagnozavimo. Psichikos sveikata yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis jaunimo problemomis ir gali būti nelygybės pasekmė ir pačios nelygybės priežastis. Psichikos sveikatos problemų rizikos veiksniai yra neįgalumas ir lėtinės ligos, šeimos problemos, santykių su bendraamžiais problemos ir intensyvus socialinių tinklų naudojimas.
  • Nors pasitikėjimo ir socialinės sanglaudos lygis ES po finansų krizės apskritai atsigavo, COVID-19 atsiradimas padarė didelę įtaką gerovei šalyse, kurias labiausiai paveikė pandemija.
  • Jauni žmonės tampa labiausiai nukentėjusiais nuo izoliavimo – jie ir bedarbiai teigia patiriantys žemiausią gerovės lygį, nors nuo pandemijos pradžios padėtis šiek tiek pagerėjo. Nors nuo 2020 m. balandžio mėn. pasitenkinimas gyvenimu ir optimizmas padidėjo, jaunuoliai ir toliau jaučiasi atskirti nuo visuomenės ir jiems vis dar kyla didžiausias depresijos pavojus, o tai rodo, kad izoliavimo metu taikyti apribojimai jiems daro didesnį poveikį.
  • Toliau kylant koronaviruso bangoms bus labai svarbu imtis priemonių, kuriomis būtų mažinama bedarbių ir jaunimo psichikos sveikatos problemų rizika. Įgyvendinant politikos priemones turi būti teikiama tikslinė parama, kad darbo ieškantys asmenys galėtų atsigauti ir susidoroti su pandemijos poveikiu, taip pat turi būti užtikrinamas jaunimo visapusiškas dalyvavimas visuomenės gyvenime.
  • COVID-19 krizė susilpnino optimizmą ir labiau paveikė moterų nei vyrų profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą. Šios žalos atitaisymas bus labai svarbus siekiant užtikrinti, kad moterys pandemijos pasekmes pajustų kuo mažiau.
  • Pagrindinis dėmesys krizės laikotarpiu turi būti skiriamas piliečių pasitikėjimo nacionalinėmis ir Europos institucijomis išlaikymui, nes COVID-19 kontrolės priemonių laikymasis labai priklauso nuo pasitikėjimo institucijomis ir mokslinėmis rekomendacijomis lygio. Padidėjęs pasitikėjimas institucijomis, apie kurį pranešė paramos priemonėmis pasinaudoję respondentai, taip pat yra aiški žinia nacionalinėms vyriausybėms ir ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Sausis 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Neįperkamas būstas ES kelia didelį susirūpinimą, nes neįperkamumas lemia benamystę, finansinius sunkumus, nesaugų ir netinkamą būstą. Be to, dėl šios priežasties jaunuoliai negali išsikelti iš tėvų namų. Šie sunkumai daro...

30 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022-ųjų pradžia buvo kupina atsargaus optimizmo. Europa pamažu ėmė atsigauti po dvejus metus trukusios COVID-19 pandemijos, o "NextGenerationEU" ekonomikos gaivinimo planas numatė stiprios ir tvarios ateities kūrimo priemones. Tačiau metų...

4 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

This report examines quality of life from the unique perspective of the two acceding countries, Bulgaria and Romania. The historical, political, socioeconomic and cultural contexts of these two countries have meant that their experiences are often quite different to those of the EU Member States. In

23 November 2006
Publication
Research report

Childcare is a topic of much debate in the enlarged EU due to demographic changes and an ageing population. Against this background, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions initiated research into the EU childcare sector, focusing on out-of-school care for

09 November 2006

The report, on which this summary is based, provides the first comprehensive analysis of quality of life in Bulgaria and Romania in a European context. It explores both the objective living conditions of people in Bulgaria and Romania and their subjective well-being, along with people’s perceptions

11 September 2006
Publication
Report summary

This report explores quality of life in the context of housing conditions. It reveals important differences in housing conditions across European countries, in particular, the basic divide running between the ‘old’ EU15 Member States and the 10 new Member States, along with Bulgaria, Romania and

03 August 2006

In the context of an ageing population and increasing demand for care services in the European Union, there is growing concern about the supply of suitably qualified care workers. Low pay, low status, and high rates of turnover and burnout make it difficult to attract workers to the care sector and

28 July 2006

Childcare is a topic of much debate in the enlarged EU due to demographic changes and an ageing population. Against this background, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions initiated research into the EU childcare sector, focusing on out-of-school care for

26 July 2006

The report, on which this summary is based, explores quality of life in the context of housing conditions. It reveals significant differences in housing conditions across European countries, in particular, the basic divide running between the ‘old’ EU15 Member States and the 10 new Member States

12 July 2006

The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

02 July 2006

In the context of an ageing population and increasing demand for care services in the European Union, there is growing concern about the supply of suitably qualified care workers. Low pay, low status, and high rates of turnover and burnout make it difficult to attract workers to the care sector and

28 June 2006

The Foundation is working on sustainable childcare services currently available for school-age children in the 25 Member States of the European Union (EU25). The study aims to support the debate on modernisation of care systems in Europe, to review existing information on childcare services and

18 June 2006

Online resources results (219)

Young women challenge gender stereotypes in face of crisis

The results of a study [1] into the effects of the financial and economic crisis on women in Cyprus have been published. The research was carried out by the Pancyprian Federation of Women’s Organisations (POGO [2]) and was published in June 2013. [1] http://www.pogocy.com/ [2] http://www.pogocy.com/

Social workers report a good work–life balance

A survey to assess the occupational well-being of employees in Lithuania’s social work sector was carried out in 2011 by researchers from the Lithuanian Social Research Centre (LSTC [1]). The results of the findings were published in 2103 in a report, /Occupational well-being in the sector of social

Survey reveals impact of long hours on well-being

The work and employment relations survey (2011 WERS [1]) is published by the UK government’s Department for Business, Innovation and Skills [2] and is the sixth in a series of studies carried out on work and employment in the UK. It covers wide-ranging issues from collective bargaining coverage to

Survey looks at work and family life

The European Company Survey on Reconciliation of Work and Family Life 2010 (1.36Mb PDF) [1] has provided a detailed description and analysis of family-friendly policies implemented by companies in six European countries – Germany, the UK, France, Italy, Sweden and Poland. [1] http://www.bosch

Sick leave caused by work overload

White-collar staff in Sweden are increasingly taking time off through stress and because they are overloaded with work according to a new study (in Swedish, 563KB PDF) [1]. The research was conducted by Annelie Carlberg and Björle Sjöholm in 2012 on behalf of white-collar union Unionen [2]. The

Denmark: Increased exposure to noise, overtime and employees witnessing bullying

The National Research Centre for the Working Environment has conducted a new cohort study entitled Working Environment and Health in Denmark 2012–2020 (WEHD), which is a continuation of the former Danish Working Environment Cohort Study (DWECS). Results from 2012 serve as baseline measurements due

Impact of the crisis on gender equality

The main aim of the report, The impact of the economic crisis on the situation of women and men and on gender equality policies (3MB PDF) [1], is to chart the impact of the financial and economic crisis on those working in the EU and on gender equality [2] policies in particular. The report was

EU Level: EU employers take family-friendly working seriously

A survey investigating family-friendly working policies in companies in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, UK) finds that employers take family-friendly working seriously and have put in place a range of policies to support this, especially in areas such as flexible

Increase in stress and physical demands in the health sector

Pensions specialist Keva [1] has published Municipal Workers’ Well-being 2011 (in Finnish, 405Kb PDF) [2], the most recent in a series of similar surveys conducted annually since 2008. Keva handles pension applications, pension decisions, rehabilitation, customer service and the payment of pensions

New police rosters both healthier and less costly

New rosters for Ireland’s police force, An Garda Síochána [1], are seen as a key achievement under the terms of the Public Service Agreement (2010–2014) – known as the Croke Park agreement (IE1007039I [2]). The wide-ranging agreement commits the Irish Government [3] to maintaining core pay and


Blogs results (32)
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Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on s

23 Birželis 2021
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Gruodis 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 Spalis 2020
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour an

3 Birželis 2020
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While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

18 Gegužė 2020
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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

12 Gegužė 2020
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The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

30 Gegužė 2019
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Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Gegužė 2019
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Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Birželis 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Spalis 2023
Reference period:

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