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Socialinis dialogas

Socialinį dialogą galima apibrėžti kaip darbdavių ir darbuotojų derybas, konsultacijas, bendrus veiksmus, diskusijas ir dalijimąsi informaciją. Sklandus socialinis dialogas yra svarbus būdas formuoti darbo sąlygas, į šį procesą įvairiais lygmenimis įtraukiant įvairius subjektus. Toks dialogas padeda derinti darbuotojų ir darbdavių interesus, taip pat užtikrinti tiek ekonominį konkurencingumą, tiek socialinę sanglaudą.

Sprendžiant iš pastarųjų ES lygmens politikos diskusijų (ypač po 2008 m. krizės), nauji svarstymai apie socialinį teisingumą, demokratiją, darbo kokybę ir naujus darbo santykių modelius paskatino abejones dėl tradicinių darbo santykių ir socialinio dialogo sistemų.

Praėjus trisdešimčiai metų po to, kai Val Duchesse pilyje Briuselyje buvo istoriškai pradėtas Europos socialinis dialogas, Komisija atnaujino procesą ir paskelbė apie socialinio dialogo atnaujinimą 2015 m. kovo 5 d. surengtame aukšto lygmens renginyje, kuriame dalyvavo visos Europos socialinių partnerių organizacijų atstovai. Europos socialinis dialogas yra ES socialinės politikos priemonė, tiesiogiai padedanti formuoti ES darbo teisės aktus ir politiką.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Eurofound veikla

Politikos formuotojams reikia patikimų duomenų norint suprasti darbo rinkoje vykstančius pokyčius ir reaguoti į kintančią darbo santykių Europoje dinamiką. Remdamasis savo 28 ES valstybėse narėse ir Norvegijoje veikiančių korespondentų tinklo duomenimis ir analize, Eurofound nagrinėja tendencijas bei modelius ir atkreipia dėmesį į sklandaus socialinio dialogo pavyzdžius Europos ir nacionaliniu lygmenimis.

Eurofound tyrimuose nagrinėjami tokie aspektai kaip darbuotojų dalyvavimas, kolektyvinės derybos, atstovavimas darbuotojams ir darbo santykiai visais lygmenimis. Juose analizuojama, kaip darbo santykiai yra pritaikomi atsižvelgiant į tarptautinių įmonių paplitimą. Be to, tyrimuose apžvelgiami procesai pasaulio mastu ir lyginamos darbo santykių sistemos bei jų taikymas už ES ribų, pvz., JAV ir Japonijos ekonomikoje.

Svarbiausias indėlis

Per 40 metų Eurofound visapusiškai ištyrė daugelį besikeičiančių socialinio dialogo Europoje veiksnių įmonių, nacionaliniu, Europos ir tarptautiniu lygmenimis.

Pastaraisiais metais Eurofound išsamiai nagrinėja įvairius svarbiausius socialinio dialogo aspektus, kaip antai: 

Eurofound reprezentatyvumo tyrimuose, kurie surengti įvairiuose sektoriuose, vadovaujantis 2006 m. Komisijos įpareigojimu, pateikiama svarbiausia informacija, kurios reikia norint steigti Europos sektorių socialinio dialogo komitetus ir užtikrinti jų veikimą.

Ištekliai

Europos darbo santykių žodynas parengtas 2005 m. kaip internetinė paieškos priemonė politikos formuotojams ir praktikams, yra vertingas informacijos apie užimtumą ir darbo santykius Europos Sąjungoje šaltinis. Šalių profesinio gyvenimo profiliuose pateikiama aktuali susijusi informacija apie struktūras, institucijas ir nuostatas, kuriomis grindžiamas profesinis gyvenimas 28 ES valstybėse narėse bei Norvegijoje ir ES lygmeniu.

Kolektyvinių derybų dėl darbo užmokesčio duomenų bazės ir darbo užmokesčio, darbo laiko ir kolektyvinių darbo ginčų duomenų bazės paskirtis – suteikti tyrėjams ir politikos formuotojams kiekybinės ir kokybinės šių sričių informacijos, apimančios laikotarpį nuo 2000 m. iki dabar, iš visų valstybių narių bei Norvegijos.

Key outputs

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Pastaraisiais metais, išskyrus pavienius protrūkius, ES valstybėse narėse kolektyvinių veiksmų apskritai sumažėjo. Per COVID-19 pandemiją ši tendencija išliko, o reikšmingiausi darbo ginčai, nenuostabu, kilo žmonių sveikatos priežiūros ir socialinių paslaugų...

7 Vasaris 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Kovas 2021
Publication
Other
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Atsižvelgdamas į savo įgaliojimus, susijusius su vadovų ir darbuotojų socialinio dialogo skatinimu, EUROFOUND ilgiau nei 40 metų stebėjo ir analizavo darbo santykių sistemų tendencijas ES lygmeniu ir ES valstybėse narėse...

11 Gruodis 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Po 2021 m., kai minimalusis darbo užmokestis buvo nustatomas atsargiai, 2022 m. nominalieji jo tarifai buvo gerokai padidinti, nes sušvelnėjo neigiamos pandemijos pasekmės, ir ekonomikos ir darbo rinkos ėmė atsigauti. 20 iš 21 ES valstybių narių, kuriose yra įvestas nustatytasis minimalusis darbo

15 June 2022

Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can affect working conditions in a variety of ways and their use in the workplace raises a host of new ethical concerns. Recently, the policy debate surrounding these concerns has become more prominent and has

30 May 2022

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2021 for 28 countries – the 27 EU Member States and Norway. The country reports summarise evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on working life based on national research and survey results during 2021. They

19 May 2022

Šioje ataskaitoje nagrinėjama nacionalinių socialinių partnerių dalyvavimo rengiant ir įgyvendinant reformas bei politiką Europos semestro ciklo aplinkybėmis ir rengiant nacionalines reformų programas kokybė. Pagal priemonę „NextGenerationEU“ valstybės narės 2021 m. parengė ir pateikė ekonomikos

30 March 2022

The informal meeting of EU ministers responsible for employment and social policy (EPSCO) took place in Bordeaux on 14–15 February 2022. The meeting focused on the challenges posed by the major green and digital transitions to the labour market, and the way in which the European Union can support

14 February 2022

Pastaraisiais metais, išskyrus pavienius protrūkius, ES valstybėse narėse kolektyvinių veiksmų apskritai sumažėjo. Per COVID-19 pandemiją ši tendencija išliko, o reikšmingiausi darbo ginčai, nenuostabu, kilo žmonių sveikatos priežiūros ir socialinių paslaugų, švietimo, transporto ir logistikos

07 February 2022

The European Union Agencies Network on Scientific Advice (EU-ANSA) consists of technical and regulatory agencies that provide scientific advice to EU policymakers. This report demonstrates how EU-ANSA member Agencies are addressing the socioeconomic effects of sustainable development. It is based on

05 January 2022

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the live performance sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

27 October 2021

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the audiovisual sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

20 October 2021

The most relevant changes in working time regulation in Europe in 2019 and 2020 addressed challenges arising as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Most focused on short-time working schemes, on approaches to teleworking for those able to work from home and on regulations to ensure the safe provision

14 October 2021

Online resources results (435)

Denmark: Tripartite negotiations – staged approach seems to be working

When tripartite negotiations broke down almost as soon as they started in 2012, many labour market researchers and social partner representatives predicted the government would no longer invite the social partners to such negotiations. However, they have started again but only after the involved

Norway: Public procurement – new thresholds introduced despite joint protest from social partners

The government has doubled the value of public procurement contracts above which strict rules designed to discourage social dumping must be followed. The change brings Norway into line with European Economic Area Agreement rules. In a joint letter to the Minister of Trade and Industry, the employers

Poland: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

Protests against the proposed education reform, a new chairperson for the central tripartite body, the return of lower retirement ages and deregulation measures for businesses are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

A new government, the revival of public sector collective bargaining, an increase in the basic salary for civil servants and public employees, and setting the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Luxembourg: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

New collective agreements, ongoing negotiations in three key sectors, discussions about workplace surveillance, plans to improve the education system and an increase in the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Greece: Tripartite strategy for combating undeclared work

Greece’s informal economy is estimated to account for 25% of its gross domestic product. A three-year project to strengthen employment monitoring and inspection, improve tax collection, and educate employers and workers about the benefits of formal work is being led by the ILO, closely supported by

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Lapkritis 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Birželis 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Spalis 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Kovas 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Spalis 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Balandis 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

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