Pārlekt uz galveno saturu
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Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte

Dzīves apstākļi un dzīves kvalitāte ir viena no sešām galvenajām darbībām Eurofounddarba programmā 2021.–2024. gadam.Eurofound turpinās apzināt un analizēt galvenos aspektus, kas saistīti ar cilvēku dzīves apstākļu uzlabošanu Eiropā, tostarp informāciju par to, kā viņi uztver dzīves kvalitāti un sabiedrību. Tā kā Covid-19 pandēmija un tās izraisītā ekonomikas krīze ir smagi ietekmējusi cilvēku dzīvi, Eurofound turpinās pētīt šīs krīzes ietekmi uz ES pilsoņiem dažādos dzīves posmos.

Eurofound pētījumi 2021.–2024. gadā nodrošinās svarīgu izpratni par problēmām un perspektīvām dzīves apstākļu un dzīves kvalitātes jomā Eiropas Savienībā un to, cik nozīmīgas ir daudzveidīgas iniciatīvas ar mērķi mazināt sociālās grūtības, ar kurām saduras dažādas iedzīvotāju grupas. Īpaša uzmanība jāpievērš vecāka gadagājuma cilvēkiem un viņu aprūpes vajadzībām, jauniešiem un viņu sociālajai iekļaušanai un sociālajai mobilitātei, kā arī atšķirībām krīzes ietekmē uz vīriešiem un sievietēm .

Sabiedriskie pakalpojumi bija ļoti nozīmīgi Covid-19 krīzes risināšanā visā ES, taču vienlaikus šī joma saskārās ar būtiskām problēmām, un tās tiks izvērtētas sīkāk, iedziļinoties galvenokārt tādos jautājumos kā sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte, pieejamība un cenu samērīgums. Iepriekš jau tika konstatētas lielas atšķirības krīzes ietekmē uz noteiktām iedzīvotāju grupām atkarībā no vecuma, aprūpes pienākumiem un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvara , un Eurofound veiks sīkāku analīzi.

Sadarbībā ar Eiropas Dzimumu līdztiesības institūtu (EIGEEurofound plāno pētīt dzimumu atšķirības vairākos aspektos, noskaidrojot, kā Covid-19 krīze ir ietekmējusi vīriešu un sieviešu nodarbinātību, materiālos apstākļus un labklājību, lai noteiktu atšķirības un novērtētu ietekmi uz dzimumu nelīdztiesību.

„Sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitātei ir bijusi būtiska nozīme, veidojot uzticēšanos iestādēm mūsdienu Eiropā, un tai būs izšķiroša nozīme pašreizējo un turpmāko problēmu risināšanā. Kvalitatīvi pakalpojumi ir arī joma, kur ieviest inovācijas, jo īpaši runājot par pāreju uz digitāliem, videi draudzīgākiem pakalpojumiem un gatavību pandēmijai līdzīgiem riskiem nākotnē.”

Tads Leončiks, Sociālās politikas daļas vecākais pētniecības vadītājs

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Galvenie politikas vēstījumi

Infografika

Galvenie secinājumi, kas izriet no Eurofound pētījumiem, palīdz politikas veidotājiem risināt dažas no būtiskākajām problēmām šajā jomā.

  • Uzticēšanos iestādēm visvairāk grauj uzskats, ka sabiedrībā valda spriedze, savukārt sabiedrisko pakalpojumu kvalitāte ir galvenais faktors, kas veicina lielāku uzticēšanos iestādēm.
  • Jānodrošina plašāks – un elastīgāks – ilgtermiņa aprūpes pakalpojumu klāsts. Būtu jāpadara pieejamāka aprūpe un palīdzība mājās, jo īpaši tajās ES dalībvalstīs, kurās iedzīvotāju ienākumi ir viszemākie.
  • Ātra piekļuve primārajai veselības aprūpei, sociālajai aprūpei un ilgtermiņa aprūpei var veicināt agrīnu iejaukšanos un mainīgo vajadzību uzraudzību, kā arī novērst ilgtermiņa aprūpes problēmu saasināšanos.
  • Jauniešu garīgās veselības problēmas pieaug, lai gan nav skaidrs, vai tas ir saistīts ar biežāku saslimstību vai labāku informētību un diagnostiku. Garīgā veselība ir cieši saistīta ar citām jauniešu problēmām, un tā var būt gan nevienlīdzības rezultāts, gan nevienlīdzības cēlonis. Garīgās veselības problēmu riska faktori ietver invaliditāti un ilgstošu slimību, ģimenes problēmas, problēmas attiecībās ar vienaudžiem un sociālo plašsaziņas līdzekļu pārlieku aktīvu izmantošanu.
  • Lai gan uzticības un sociālās kohēzijas līmenis Eiropas Savienībā kopumā ir uzlabojies kopš finanšu krīzes, Covid-19 uzliesmojums ir būtiski ietekmējis labklājību valstīs, kuras pandēmija skārusi vissmagāk.
  • Jaunieši ir viena no tām sabiedrības grupām, kuras izolācijas dēļ cieš visvairāk. Līdztekus bezdarbniekiem, arī jauniešu vērtējums par savu labklājību ir viszemākais, kaut arī tas ir nedaudz uzlabojies kopš pandēmijas sākuma. Kopš 2020. gada aprīļa apmierinātība ar dzīvi un optimisms ir pieaudzis, tomēr jaunieši aizvien jūtas izstumti no sabiedrības un joprojām ir visvairāk pakļauti depresijas riskam, kas liecina, ka izolācijas laikā viņi vairāk cieš no ierobežojumiem.
  • Pasākumiem bezdarbnieku un jauniešu garīgās veselības risku mazināšanai pēc Covid-19 uzliesmojuma būs būtiska nozīme, ja sekos turpmāki koronavīrusa viļņi. Politikas pasākumos pastāvīgi jāparedz mērķorientēts atbalsts, kas ļautu darba meklētājiem atgūties un pārvarēt pandēmijas sekas, kā arī nodrošinātu jauniešiem iespēju pilnvērtīgi iekļauties sabiedrībā.
  • Salīdzinot ar vīriešiem, sieviešu optimismu un darba un privātās dzīves līdzsvaru Covid-19 krīze ir iedragājusi smagāk. Ir būtiski novērst šo kaitējumu, lai nepieļautu, ka sievietes nesamērīgi cieš no pandēmijas.
  • Arī turpmāk krīzes situācijās jārūpējas, lai pilsoņi saglabātu uzticību valstu un Eiropas iestādēm, jo Covid-19 izplatības ierobežošanas pasākumu ievērošana ir lielā mērā atkarīga no uzticēšanās iestādēm un zinātnieku ieteikumiem. Arī fakts, ka uzticēšanās iestādēm ir pieaugusi starp respondentiem, kuri saņēma palīdzību atbalsta pasākumu ietvaros, pauž skaidru vēstījumu valstu valdībām un ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Janvāris 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Eiropas Savienībā lielu satraukumu rada nepietiekama mājokļu pieejamība. Tas noved pie bezpajumtniecības, mājokļa nedrošības, finansiālas spriedzes un neatbilstīgiem mājokļiem. Tas arī liedz jauniešiem pamest savu ģimenes dzīvesvietu. Šīs problēmas ietekmē...

30 Maijs 2023
Publication
Research report
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2022. gads aizsākās ar piesardzīgu optimismu. Eiropa atguvās no diviem Covid-19 pandēmijas gadiem, un NextGenerationEU nāca klajā ar atveseļošanas plānu, kas veido spēcīgu un ilgtspējīgu nākotni. Krievijas uzbrukums Ukrainai gada...

4 Maijs 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in

28 October 2022

Covid-19 pandēmija ir izgaismojusi nelīdztiesību daudzās Eiropas sabiedrības dimensijās, tostarp nevienlīdzību starp sievietēm un vīriešiem vairākās svarīgās jomās. Šajā ziņojumā aplūkota dzimumu nelīdztiesība, kas pastāvēja pirms Covid-19 krīzes, un aprakstīts, kādā veidā pandēmija ir ietekmējusi

13 October 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Eurofound e-apsekojuma piektā kārta, kas notika laikā no 2022. gada 25. marta līdz 2. maijam, raksturo cilvēku sociālo un ekonomisko situāciju visā Eiropā divus gadus pēc tam, kad Covid-19 pirmoreiz tika konstatēts Eiropas kontinentā. Tajā ir pētīta arī dzīves realitāte jaunajā nenoteiktības

07 July 2022

Covid-19 pandēmija 2021. gadā jau otro gadu joprojām bija eiropiešu dzīves un darba noteicošais spēks, un Eurofound turpināja darbu, pētot un reģistrējot daudzās un dažādās ietekmes visās ES dalībvalstīs. Dzīve un darbs Eiropā 2021. gadā sniedz ieskatu par nodarbinātības, darba un dzīves apstākļu

09 May 2022

A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in

21 March 2022

Šajā ziņojumā ir atspoguļota Covid-19 krīzes ietekme uz vecāka gadagājuma pilsoņu dzīves kvalitāti, tostarp ietekme uz viņu labklājību, finansēm, nodarbinātību un sociālo iekļaušanu. Tajā tiek pētīta ietekme uz aprūpes pakalpojumu izmantošanu un vecāka gadagājuma cilvēku atkarību no cita veida

28 January 2022

Pēc ilgās atveseļošanās no ekonomiskās krīzes (2007.- 2013. gads) jaunieši Eiropas Savienībā izrādījās neaizsargātāki pret to ierobežojumu sekām, kas ieviesti, lai palēninātu Covid-19 pandēmijas izplatīšanos. Jaunieši biežāk nekā vecākas iedzīvotāju grupas saskārās ar darba zaudēšanu, finansiālu

09 November 2021

The impact of COVID-19 has moved public health up the EU social policy agenda. As the EU directs its efforts towards establishing a European Health Union to guard against future health crises, this policy brief examines the extent to which the EU achieved upward convergence in terms of health and

30 September 2021

Vairāk nekā desmit gadus nenoteiktība par nākotni lielākajā daļā ES ir pieaugusi. Daudzi cilvēki uzskata, ka sabiedrībā notiek lejupslīde, un tas ir radījis vispārēju pesimisma sajūtu. Vai pastāv saikne starp to partiju pieaugošo popularitāti, kuras vēršas pret pastāvošo kārtību, un pieaugošo

16 September 2021

Online resources results (219)

Work and employment in the creative industries

The study carried out by Joanneum Research [1] and FORBA [2] investigated areas such as working conditions, career paths and strategies for coping with work pressure. [1] http://www.joanneum.at [2] http://www.forba.at

High levels of stress among sales workers and cashiers

On 19 July 2006, the Department of Safety, Health and Environment and the Working Women’s Department of the Cyprus Workers’ Confederation (Συνομοσπονδία Εργαζομένων Κύπρου, SΕΚ [1]) published a nationally representative study entitled /Safety and health in the workplace: Reconciliation of family and

Employment rates of women and men with children

The nationwide research programme ‘Increasing the attractiveness of working life’, conducted as part of the VETO programme (in Finnish) [1] under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health [2] (Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö), has financed projects which focus on employees who are

Barriers to reconciling work and family life identified

Towards the end of 2006, the Spanish Social and Economic Council (Consejo Económico y Social, CES [1]) presented in its quarterly bulletin an analysis on the issue of reconciling work and family life in Spain. This study is based on a special module (in Spanish) [2] within the Labour Force Survey

Not much flexibility in working time arrangements

In August 2005, the National Statistics Office (NSO [1]) published survey findings in a news release [2] outlining the different working time [3] arrangements of workers in the Maltese labour market. As it is possible to measure working time arrangements in various ways, the NSO report recorded the

Case studies document practical experience of teleworking

In March 2005, the Employment and Training Corporation (ETC [1]) published the findings of a research project entitled ‘An enabling framework for telework’ (425Kb PDF) [2]. The study provides details of the current local situation with regard to telework [3] and identifies the developmental changes

Cooperation between employers and employees regarding parental leave

Interrupting one’s career to take parental leave has been an option in the Czech Republic, in comparison with other European countries, for a relatively long period of time. Until a child reaches the age of three years, employees with children are guaranteed the possibility of returning to their

Good practice in reconciling work and family life

The National Thematic Network on reconciliation of family and working life was set up in 2003 for the purpose of highlighting good practice developed after completion of national projects financed under the European Commission’s EQUAL Initiative [1]. The network aimed to further disseminate these

Impact of income on childcare and work–life balance

To combine work and family life represents a highly complex task for families with young children, in particular for working parents with children below school age. Working parents face challenges in relation to their work, such as forced part-time work [1], shift and weekend work, as well as in

Factors influencing take-up of paternity leave

In the summer of 2006, a report published by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC [1]) revealed new research on the take-up of parental leave. The report follows on from previous studies investigating the perspectives of fathers and mothers in this context, and focuses on fathers’ attitudes to


Blogs results (32)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 Maijs 2024

The state in which the EU finds itself has been described as a ‘permacrisis’, whereby the Union is confronted by challenge after challenge, and citizens are constantly having to adapt to a ‘new normal’.

11 Decembris 2023
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Spiralling housing costs are causing despair across the EU. The situation is making people anxious that they will lose their accommodation or become homeless; they may become overburdened financially or forced to live in substandard accommodation; and many young people are unable to leave home. Whil

4 Aprīlis 2023
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Lower levels of health, increasing financial pressure and a significant degree of unmet healthcare: these are the findings of the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty – a report that presents an overview of responses from over 200,000 people ac

6 Oktobris 2022
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy p

3 Augusts 2022
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Trust in national institutions has declined across the EU over the past two years. Driven by increasingly difficult economic circumstances and unreliable news sources, even people who previously expressed higher trust levels – such as those in financially secure positions – have become less trusting

25 Jūlijs 2022
Image of people waiting for tram in city street and man cycling on cycle path

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions have caused energy prices to soar. Governments seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of price increases on households have introduced energy subsidies and VAT reductions for electricity, gas and fuel. While such policies may be needed

10 Jūnijs 2022
Image of family cooking around camp fire outside home under bombardment in Ukraine

We are 100 days on from the invasion by Russia of Ukraine on 24 February, when peace in Europe was shattered. As the human tragedy began to unfold and with more than 6.8 million Ukrainians, mostly women and children, escaping their country since the start of the war, European citizens have been watc

8 Jūnijs 2022
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The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

5 Maijs 2022

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Oktobris 2023
Reference period:

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