Overslaan en naar de inhoud gaan
image_activity4_living_conditions_quality_of_life.png

Levensomstandigheden en kwaliteit van het bestaan

Levensomstandigheden en de kwaliteit van het bestaan zijn een van de zes hoofdactiviteiten van het werkprogramma van Eurofound voor de periode 2021-2024. Eurofound zal de belangrijkste aspecten van de verbetering van de levensomstandigheden van de mensen in Europa in kaart blijven brengen en analyseren, met inbegrip van informatie over hun perceptie van de samenleving en de kwaliteit van het bestaan. Aangezien de COVID-19 -pandemie en de daaruit voortvloeiende economische crisis grote gevolgen hebben (gehad) voor ieders leven, zal Eurofound de gevolgen van deze crisis voor EU-burgers in verschillende levensfasen nader onderzoeken.

In de periode 2021-2024 zal het onderzoek van Eurofound een belangrijk inzicht verschaffen in de uitdagingen en vooruitzichten op het gebied van levensomstandigheden en de kwaliteit van het bestaan in de EU en de rol van diverse initiatieven om de sociale problemen van verschillende groepen burgers te verlichten. Van bijzonder belang zijn de gevolgen voor ouderen en zorgbehoeften, jongeren en hun sociale inclusie en sociale mobiliteit, en de – niet parallel lopende – gevolgen van de crisis voor mannen en vrouwen .

Openbare diensten in de hele EU spelen een belangrijke rol bij de aanpak van de COVID-19-crisis waarbij zij met grote uitdagingen worden geconfronteerd, en zij zullen uitvoeriger worden beoordeeld met bijzondere aandacht voor kwesties als kwaliteit, toegang en betaalbaarheid. Zoals uit eerdere bevindingen is gebleken, heeft de crisis onevenredige gevolgen (gehad) voor bepaalde groepen al naargelang leeftijd, zorgtaken en evenwicht tussen werk en privéleven , wat door Eurofound nader zal worden geanalyseerd.

In samenwerking met het Europees Instituut voor gendergelijkheid (EIGE) is Eurofound voornemens de multidimensionale genderkloof onder de loep te nemen door onderzoek te doen naar de gevolgen van de COVID-19-crisis voor mannen en vrouwen op het gebied van arbeidsparticipatie, materiële levensomstandigheden en welzijn – om de verschillen in kaart te brengen en het effect van die crisis op de verschillende vormen van de genderkloof te beoordelen.

De kwaliteit van de openbare diensten is van cruciaal belang geweest voor het opbouwen van vertrouwen in de instellingen in het hedendaagse Europa en zal van cruciaal belang zijn om de huidige en toekomstige uitdagingen aan te gaan. Kwaliteitsdiensten moeten ook steeds gelijke tred houden met de ontwikkelingen, met name wat betreft de overgang naar digitale, milieuvriendelijkere diensten en in de toekomst voorbereid zijn op risico’s zoals de pandemie.

— Tadas Leončikas, senior onderzoeksmanager, eenheid Sociaal Beleid

Topic

Recent updates

ef23018-card-cover.png

Increasing emphasis on independent living and social inclusion is driving deinstitutionalisation – the shift away from a reliance on residential institutions towards family- and community-based settings for the provision of...

25 oktober 2024
Publication
Research report

Belangrijke beleidsboodschappen

Infographic

De belangrijkste bevindingen van het onderzoek van Eurofound dienen als input voor beleidsmakers om een aantal van de belangrijkste kwesties op dit gebied aan te pakken.

  • De perceptie van spanningen in de samenleving heeft de grootste schadelijke impact op het vertrouwen in instellingen. De kwaliteit van openbare diensten is een belangrijke drijvende kracht voor het vergroten van het vertrouwen in instellingen.
  • Er is niet alleen behoefte aan meer, maar ook aan flexibelere langdurige zorg. De beschikbaarheid van thuiszorg en -ondersteuning moet worden verbeterd, met name in de EU-lidstaten met de laagste inkomens.
  • Aangezien snelle toegang tot eerstelijnsgezondheidszorg, sociale zorg en langdurige zorg als voordeel heeft dat vroegtijdig kan worden ingegrepen en veranderende behoeften in kaart kunnen worden gebracht, kan voorkomen worden dat problemen op het vlak van langdurige zorg erger worden.
  • De geestelijke-gezondheidsproblemen van jongeren nemen toe, maar het is niet duidelijk of dit een kwestie is van een inderdaad hogere incidentie, of dat dit komt door betere diagnose en een toegenomen bewustzijn van deze problematiek. Geestelijke gezondheid hangt nauw samen met andere problemen van jongeren en kan zowel oorzaak als gevolg zijn van ongelijkheid. Risicofactoren voor de geestelijke gezondheid zijn onder meer handicaps en langdurige ziekte, gezinsproblemen, (relatie)problemen met leeftijdsgenoten en intensief gebruik van sociale media.
  • Hoewel het vertrouwen en de sociale cohesie in de EU zich sinds de financiële crisis in grote lijnen hebben hersteld, heeft de uitbraak van COVID-19 aanzienlijke gevolgen gehad voor het welzijn in de landen die het hardst door de pandemie zijn getroffen.
  • Jongeren komen naar voren als een van de grootste verliezers van de lockdown: samen met werklozen geven zij de laagste score aan hun welzijn, hoewel er sinds het begin van de pandemie sprake is van enige verbetering. Hoewel de algemene tevredenheid en het optimisme sinds april 2020 zijn toegenomen, voelen jongeren zich nog steeds uitgesloten van de maatschappij en lopen zij nog steeds het grootste risico op depressie, waaruit blijkt dat zij grotere nadelen ondervinden van de beperkingen tijdens de lockdown.
  • Maatregelen om de risico’s voor de geestelijke gezondheid van werklozen en jongeren als gevolg van COVID-19 te beperken, zijn van cruciaal belang als zich nog meer golven van het coronavirus gaan voordoen. Bestaande beleidsmaatregelen moeten gerichte steun omvatten om werkzoekenden weer op weg te helpen zodat ze het hoofd kunnen bieden aan de gevolgen van de pandemie, en ervoor zorgen dat jongeren volledig aan de samenleving kunnen deelnemen.
  • De COVID-19-crisis heeft het optimisme uitgehold en het evenwicht tussen werk en privéleven voor vrouwen meer aangetast dan voor mannen. Alleen door deze schade te herstellen, kan worden gewaarborgd dat vrouwen niet onevenredig voor de pandemie betalen.
  • Ervoor zorgen dat burgers vertrouwen houden in nationale en Europese instellingen moet in tijden van crisis centraal staan, omdat de naleving van maatregelen om COVID-19 tegen te gaan in hoge mate afhangt van de mate van vertrouwen in instellingen en wetenschappelijk advies. De toename van vertrouwen in de overheid waarvan melding wordt gemaakt door respondenten die hebben geprofiteerd van ondersteuningsmaatregelen, vormt tevens een duidelijke boodschap aan de nationale overheden en de EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

image_event_ep_24012023.png

Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 januari 2024
Publication
Work programme
ef22024_card_cover.png

Onbetaalbare huisvesting is een punt van grote zorg in de EU. Gebrek aan betaalbare woningen leidt tot dakloosheid, woononzekerheid, financiële druk en ontoereikende huisvesting. Ook ontneemt het jongeren de mogelijkheid...

30 mei 2023
Publication
Research report
ef23016_card_cover.png

Het jaar 2022 begon met voorzichtig optimisme. Europa was na twee jaar COVID-19-pandemie weer aan het opkrabbelen met het herstelplan NextGenerationEU, dat moet helpen bouwen aan een sterke en duurzame...

4 mei 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
massimiliano-mascherini-2023.png

Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
sanna-nivakoski-2023.png

Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (310)

Many people in Europe do not receive the social benefits to which they are entitled. This is the case across countries and for many types of benefits. Addressing this ‘non-take-up’ of benefits is critical for two key reasons: benefits do not fulfil their objective if they do not reach the people

21 September 2015

This report explores the growing role of the private sector in the provision of public services in the EU. The research is based on sector-specific case studies carried out in Lithuania, Spain, Sweden and the UK. It focuses specifically on social services of general interest (SSGIs) in the areas of

17 September 2015

Access to early childhood education and care (ECEC) services and the quality of such services are important issues that are gaining greater prominence in the EU. This study presents evidence on the elements of working conditions and in-service training that increase the quality of ECEC.

03 July 2015

Recent EU policy documents highlight the importance of improving working conditions and enhancing the professional development of the workforce in the early childhood education and care field – both in ensuring equitable access to services and in boosting the quality of provision.

25 February 2015

The ageing of European society is leading to a situation where, at current employment levels, supporting the retired population will become increasingly unaffordable. The proposed solution can be summed up simply: bring more of the working age population into work and extend everyone’s working life

23 January 2015

In order to develop effective and focused strategies to uphold social cohesion and improve happiness and quality of life in Europe, it is above all necessary to understand how complex social developments interact with each other. In particular since – as this study amply demonstrates – the different

25 November 2014

As the European Union grows in size and diversity, it becomes increasingly challenging to summarise the impact of state actions on the lives of citizens. One approach to this complexity is to group countries based on characteristics relevant to quality of life. This report develops a country

14 November 2014

This policy brief highlights findings on a specific topic from Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) that is of particular interest from a policy perspective.

10 November 2014

In the wake of the economic and financial crisis, many European governments have cut spending on healthcare services. At the same time, unemployment, financial strain and reduced prevention have increased the need for certain healthcare services, while falling disposable income has made access to

31 October 2014

This report presents the trends and changes in quality of life among the Croatian population based on the survey rounds conducted in 2007 and 2012.

06 October 2014

Online resources results (219)

Belgium: Monitoring improvements in quality of work in Flanders

In 2001 the Flemish Government and social partners agreed to increase substantially the quality of jobs in the region. The Flemish workability monitor was developed to help determine progress in implementing this policy. This survey data report reviews the methods and key findings of the workability

Survey confirms effectiveness of collective agreements

As part of the European Social Fund project, ‘The practical implementation in economic spheres and enterprises of regulations regarding working conditions and safety at work’, which began in 2008, the Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia (LBAS [1]) undertakes a population survey. The aim is to

Balancing work and family life

A recent report on new trends in human resource management published by DBM Spain [1], an international human resources consultancy, presents the findings of a study carried out on a representative sample of Spanish companies covering all size categories and economic sectors. According to the report

Enhancing the well-being of miners

The increase in world market prices of metals and minerals can be seen today in the strong growth of the mining industry in Finland. The mining and metallurgy industry employs about 20,000 people, making the country one of the biggest producers of metals and industrial minerals in the European Union

EU Level: Reconciliation of work, private and family life in the European Union

The reconciliation of work, private and family life is a key area for European employment policy, which aims to increase the participation of both men and women in the labour market and to encourage initiatives to support the health and well-being of employees. This survey data report examines

Effects of shift work in the Norwegian petroleum industry on family and social life

Operations in the petroleum industry require continuous shift schedules. Although some health effects are known to result from shift work, less is known about its effect on the social and family life of the workers.

Key elements of fair employment and decent work

The report, Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health (7.29Mb PDF) [1], issued by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health in 2008, states that: [1] http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563703_eng.pdf

Impact of recession on Millennials’ career expectations

The entry into the workforce of large numbers of the Millennial generation (those born between 1980 and 2000) over the last decade or so has given them the power to reshape the rules of play at work. As a result, practitioners have become increasingly interested in this new generation. A study

Checks on efforts to reconcile work and family life

In 2009, the National Labour Inspectorate (NIP [1]) carried out checks on employers’ compliance with the law on the creation of suitable conditions for harmonisation of work and family life in Slovakia. These checks were generally aimed at ensuring compliance with working conditions [2] as defined

Poverty, social exclusion and single parent families

The research project, ‘Integrating children’s perspectives in policy-making to combat poverty and social exclusion experienced by single parent families: a transnational comparative approach’, compared social exclusion and poverty in Cyprus, Greece and the UK as they relate to single parent families


Blogs results (32)

The housing crisis could be tackled by improving public services, better urban planning and ensuring that social protection benefits reach the people who need them most.

2 mei 2024

The state in which the EU finds itself has been described as a ‘permacrisis’, whereby the Union is confronted by challenge after challenge, and citizens are constantly having to adapt to a ‘new normal’.

11 december 2023
ef23044.png

Spiralling housing costs are causing despair across the EU. The situation is making people anxious that they will lose their accommodation or become homeless; they may become overburdened financially or forced to live in substandard accommodation; and many young people are unable to leave home. Whil

4 april 2023
ef22079.png

A cocktail of insecurity, misinformation and mistrust imperil Europe’s future. Reliable, accessible data are at a premium.

14 december 2022
ef22075.png

Lower levels of health, increasing financial pressure and a significant degree of unmet healthcare: these are the findings of the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty – a report that presents an overview of responses from over 200,000 people

6 oktober 2022
ef22071.png

Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 augustus 2022
ef22070_v2.png

Trust in national institutions has declined across the EU over the past two years. Driven by increasingly difficult economic circumstances and unreliable news sources, even people who previously expressed higher trust levels – such as those in financially secure positions – have become less trusting

25 juli 2022
Image of people waiting for tram in city street and man cycling on cycle path

The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the resulting sanctions have caused energy prices to soar. Governments seeking to alleviate the negative impacts of price increases on households have introduced energy subsidies and VAT reductions for electricity, gas and fuel. While such policies may be needed

10 juni 2022
Image of family cooking around camp fire outside home under bombardment in Ukraine

We are 100 days on from the invasion by Russia of Ukraine on 24 February, when peace in Europe was shattered. As the human tragedy began to unfold and with more than 6.8 million Ukrainians, mostly women and children, escaping their country since the start of the war, European citizens have been watc

ef22057.png

The European Pillar of Social Rights states that ‘everyone has the right to affordable long-term care services of good quality, in particular home-care and community-based services’. Taking a step to make this principle a reality, the European Commission is currently preparing a European Care Strate

5 mei 2022

Upcoming publications results (2)

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024
Data results (1)
24 oktober 2023
Reference period:

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.