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Levnadsvillkor och livskvalitet

Levnadsvillkor och livskvalitet är en av de sex huvudsakliga verksamheterna i Eurofounds arbetsprogram för perioden 2021–2024. Eurofound kommer att fortsätta att kartlägga och analysera viktiga aspekter som har att göra med förbättring av levnadsvillkoren för människor i Europa, däribland information om deras upplevelse av livskvaliteten och samhället. I och med att covid-19 -pandemin och den efterföljande ekonomiska krisen har haft en stor inverkan på människors liv kommer Eurofound att göra ytterligare undersökningar om hur denna kris har drabbat EU-medborgare i olika skeden av livet.

Eurofounds forskning under 2021–2024 kommer att ge en viktig inblick i utmaningarna och utsikterna på området levnadsvillkor och livskvalitet i EU och rollen för olika initiativ som syftar till att mildra de sociala påfrestningarna på olika grupper av medborgare. Särskilt intressanta frågor är följderna för äldre människor och vårdbehov, ungdomar och deras sociala delaktighet och rörlighet samt de olika konsekvenserna av krisen för män och kvinnor .

Offentliga tjänster i hela EU har spelat en viktig roll i hanteringen av covid-19-krisen samtidigt som de har stått inför stora utmaningar. De kommer att undersökas närmare med fokus på frågor som kvalitet, tillgång och överkomlighet. Som framgått av tidigare undersökningar har krisen haft oproportionerliga konsekvenser för vissa grupper beroende på ålder, omsorgsansvar och balans mellan arbete och fritid , och detta kommer att undersökas närmare av Eurofound.

I samordning med Europeiska jämställdhetsinstitutet (EIGE) avser Eurofound undersöka de flerdimensionella klyftorna mellan könen genom att undersöka vilka konsekvenser covid-19-krisen har haft för män respektive kvinnor när det gäller deltagande i arbetslivet, materiella levnadsvillkor och välbefinnande, för att kunna fastställa skillnaderna och bedöma dess inverkan på klyftorna mellan könen.

”Kvaliteten på offentliga tjänster har varit avgörande för att skapa förtroende för institutioner i dagens Europa och kommer att spela en betydande roll i hanteringen av nuvarande och framtida utmaningar. Tjänster av hög kvalitet utgör även ett område för innovation, särskilt när det gäller en övergång till digitala, mer miljövänliga tjänster och beredskap för risker, som pandemin, i framtiden.”

Tadas Leončikas, forskningsledare, enheten för socialpolitik

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 maj 2024
Publication
Research report

Viktiga politiska budskap

Infografik

De viktigaste resultat som framkommit från Eurofounds forskning utgör underlag för beslutsfattare så att de kan ta itu med några av de viktigaste frågorna inom detta område.

  • Upplevelsen av spänningar i samhället är den faktor som har störst skada för förtroendet för institutionerna, medan den upplevda kvaliteten på de offentliga tjänsterna är en central drivkraft för ett ökat förtroende för institutionerna.
  • Det finns ett behov av mer långvarig vård och omsorg – med större flexibilitet. Tillgången till vård och omsorg i hemmet bör förbättras, särskilt i de EU-medlemsstater med lägst inkomst.
  • Snabb tillgång till primärvård, social omsorg och långtidsvård kan bidra till tidigt ingripande och övervakning av ändrade behov och förhindra att problem med långtidsvård trappas upp.
  • Den psykiska ohälsan ökar hos unga människor, men det är oklart om det beror på högre förekomst eller ökad medvetenhet och förbättrad diagnostisering. Psykisk hälsa är nära förknippad med andra ungdomsproblem och kan både vara ett resultat av ojämlikhet och i sig vara en källa till ojämlikhet. Bland riskfaktorerna för psykisk ohälsa finns funktionsnedsättning, långvarig sjukdom, familjeproblem, problem i kontakten med jämbördiga samt omfattande användning av sociala medier.
  • Förtroendet och den sociala sammanhållningen har överlag återhämtat sig i EU sedan den ekonomiska krisen, men utbrottet av covid-19 har haft stora konsekvenser på välbefinnandet i de länder som drabbats hårdast av pandemin.
  • Ungdomar håller på att bli en av de grupper som har förlorat mest på nedstängningen. Tillsammans med gruppen arbetslösa rapporterar ungdomar om de lägsta nivåerna av välbefinnande, trots vissa förbättringar sedan pandemins utbrott. Tillfredsställelsen med livet och optimismen har ökat sedan april 2020, men ungdomar känner sig fortfarande utestängda från samhället och löper fortfarande störst risk för depression, vilket visar att de har påverkats mer av restriktionerna under nedstängningen.
  • Åtgärder för att minska de psykiska hälsoriskerna för arbetslösa och ungdomar i sviterna av covid-19 kommer att vara avgörande vid nya vågor av coronaviruset. Att tillhandahålla riktat stöd för att göra det möjligt för arbetssökande att komma tillbaka på rätt spår och hantera effekterna av pandemin samt att se till att ungdomar kan delta fullt ut i samhället måste vara en del av de pågående politiska åtgärderna.
  • Covid-19-krisen har slagit hårt mot optimismen och påverkat balansen mellan arbete och fritid i högre grad för kvinnor än för män. Att reparera dessa skador kommer att vara avgörande för att se till att kvinnor inte betalar ett oproportionerligt högt pris för pandemin.
  • Att upprätthålla medborgarnas förtroende för nationella och europeiska institutioner måste fortsätta att stå i centrum i kristider, eftersom efterlevnaden av åtgärderna för att bekämpa covid-19 i hög grad är beroende av förtroendet för institutioner och vetenskaplig rådgivning. Det ökade förtroende för institutioner som rapporterades av de svarande som fått ta del av stödåtgärderna sänder också ett tydligt budskap till de nationella regeringarna och EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 januari 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Bostäder till oöverkomliga priser är ett stort bekymmer i EU. Det leder till hemlöshet, otrygga bostadsförhållanden, ekonomiska påfrestningar och undermåliga bostäder. Det är också ett hinder för unga människor när...

30 maj 2023
Publication
Research report
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År 2022 inleddes med försiktig optimism. Europa höll på att återhämta sig från två år med covid-19-pandemin, och genom NextGenerationEU fastställdes en plan för återhämtning för en stark och hållbar...

4 maj 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

06 July 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

06 July 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

06 July 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

08 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

03 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

03 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

03 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

25 May 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

25 May 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

20 May 2010

Online resources results (219)

Belgium: Monitoring improvements in quality of work in Flanders

In 2001 the Flemish Government and social partners agreed to increase substantially the quality of jobs in the region. The Flemish workability monitor was developed to help determine progress in implementing this policy. This survey data report reviews the methods and key findings of the workability

Survey confirms effectiveness of collective agreements

As part of the European Social Fund project, ‘The practical implementation in economic spheres and enterprises of regulations regarding working conditions and safety at work’, which began in 2008, the Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia (LBAS [1]) undertakes a population survey. The aim is to

Balancing work and family life

A recent report on new trends in human resource management published by DBM Spain [1], an international human resources consultancy, presents the findings of a study carried out on a representative sample of Spanish companies covering all size categories and economic sectors. According to the report

Enhancing the well-being of miners

The increase in world market prices of metals and minerals can be seen today in the strong growth of the mining industry in Finland. The mining and metallurgy industry employs about 20,000 people, making the country one of the biggest producers of metals and industrial minerals in the European Union

EU Level: Reconciliation of work, private and family life in the European Union

The reconciliation of work, private and family life is a key area for European employment policy, which aims to increase the participation of both men and women in the labour market and to encourage initiatives to support the health and well-being of employees. This survey data report examines

Effects of shift work in the Norwegian petroleum industry on family and social life

Operations in the petroleum industry require continuous shift schedules. Although some health effects are known to result from shift work, less is known about its effect on the social and family life of the workers.

Key elements of fair employment and decent work

The report, Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health (7.29Mb PDF) [1], issued by the Commission on Social Determinants of Health in 2008, states that: [1] http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241563703_eng.pdf

Impact of recession on Millennials’ career expectations

The entry into the workforce of large numbers of the Millennial generation (those born between 1980 and 2000) over the last decade or so has given them the power to reshape the rules of play at work. As a result, practitioners have become increasingly interested in this new generation. A study

Checks on efforts to reconcile work and family life

In 2009, the National Labour Inspectorate (NIP [1]) carried out checks on employers’ compliance with the law on the creation of suitable conditions for harmonisation of work and family life in Slovakia. These checks were generally aimed at ensuring compliance with working conditions [2] as defined

Poverty, social exclusion and single parent families

The research project, ‘Integrating children’s perspectives in policy-making to combat poverty and social exclusion experienced by single parent families: a transnational comparative approach’, compared social exclusion and poverty in Cyprus, Greece and the UK as they relate to single parent families


Blogs results (32)
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Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on s

23 juni 2021
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 december 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour m

7 oktober 2020
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour an

image_blog_covid_youth_18052020.png

While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis domi

ef19051.png

The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

image_1_blog_rural_europe_08052019.png

Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 maj 2019
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Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 juni 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 oktober 2023
Reference period:

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