Премини към основното съдържание
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Условия на труд и устойчива работа

Условията на труд и устойчивата работа са една от шестте основни дейности в работната програма на Eurofound за периода 2021—2024 г. Eurofound ще продължи да работи като експертен център за наблюдение и анализ на развитията в тази област, включително какво въздействие оказва кризата с COVID-19 върху условията на труд и качеството на работните места, както и върху практиките на работното място.

В периода 2021—2024 г. Eurofound ще осигури важни познания във връзка с трудностите и перспективите, свързани с условията на труд и устойчивата работа в ЕС. Като се основава на дългогодишния експертен опит в тази област, Eurofound ще проучи тенденциите и напредъка във времето и ще идентифицира нововъзникващи причини за безпокойство във връзка с условията на труд и качеството на работните места. Анализът ще обхване различни държави, сектори, професии и групи работници по въпроси като организация на труда и дистанционна работа работно време равновесие между професионалния и личния живот равно третиране здраве и благосъстояние на работното място умения и обучение печалби и перспективи , както и удовлетвореност от работата. Ще бъде обърнато особено внимание на нестандартните форми на заетост , и по-специално на самостоятелната заетост.

С оглед на демографското предизвикателство, свързано със застаряващото население на ЕС, и на все по-голямото многообразие в професионалния живот Eurofound ще продължи да проучва факторите, които позволяват на повече работници да продължат да работят по-дълго. Освен това Агенцията ще постави акцент върху подобряването на качеството на работните места като фактор, позволяващ повишено участие на пазара на труда и подобрена мотивация на служителите, и по този начин ще допринесе за устойчива работа през целия живот.

Връзките между работата и здравето ще бъдат изследвани в тясно сътрудничество с Европейската агенция за безопасност и здраве при работа (EU-OSHA). Eurofound се стреми да доразвие своето сътрудничество с Международната организация на труда (МОТ) по въпроси, свързани с бъдещето на труда и условията на труд на световно равнище.

 

Като цяло това са добри новини, защото условията на труд в Европейския съюз се подобряват — макар и много бавно — но съществуват опасения, че това не важи непременно за всички групи работници. Този въпрос зависи до голяма степен от това в кой сектор работите, зависи от образователната степен и, честно казано, от това дали сте мъж или жена.

— Barbara Gerstenberger, началник на звено „Трудов живот“

Topic

Recent updates

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Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work...

1 July 2024
Publication
Research report
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There is no one future of work for all jobs – policymakers will have their work cut out to ensure that remote and platform working, artificial intelligence and climate change...

Blog
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The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to...

2 May 2024
Publication
Annual report

Ключови послания за политиката

Инфографика 2021

Основните констатации от изследванията на Eurofound служат като информация, въз основа на която авторите на политики ще предприемат действия за преодоляване на някои от ключовите проблеми в тази област.

  • Подобряването на условията на труд е от решаващо значение за работниците и работодателите. Трябва да се вземат предвид множество различни аспекти на качеството на работните места. Качествените работни места дават възможност на хората да имат по-дълъг и по-добър трудов живот и допринасят за устойчивата работа и положителното равновесие между професионалния и личния живот.
  • Условията на труд в ЕС като цяло се подобряват, въпреки че темпът на напредък е постепенен. Постигането на напредък не е толкова бързо за някои групи работници: то зависи от вида на трудовия договор, сектора и образователната степен.
  • Съществуват множество начини за подобряване на условията на труд и качеството на работните места в ЕС. Правителствата определено изпълняват важна роля, като установяват рамката чрез регламентиране. При все това работниците и служителите, както и техните организации, също са важни участници. По отношение на много аспекти, свързани с качеството на работните места, промените се случват именно на работното място.
  • Едва една пета от европейските дружества са открили как да съчетаят оптимално благосъстоянието на работното място и бизнес резултатите. Работните места с висока степен на инвестиции и участие доказаха, че водят до най-добрите резултати за работниците и работодателите, като стимулират ефективността и подобряват качеството на работните места чрез повишаване на автономността на служителите, улесняване на участието на служителите и насърчаване на ученето и обучението.
  • Много хора изпитват затруднения при съчетаването на работни и извънработни ангажименти, особено родителите и други лица, полагащи грижи. Макар че гъвкавите схеми на работа могат да помогнат за преодоляване на тези трудности, те пораждат също някои проблеми. Дистанционната работа например предлага повече свобода да се избере кога и къде да се работи, но също може да доведе до по-дълго работно време при по-висока интензивност и да затрудни откъсването от работната атмосфера.
  • Увеличаването на дистанционната работа по време на пандемията от COVID-19 подчерта размиването на границите между работата и личния живот. Много правителства и социални партньори обсъждат инициативи за „право на откъсване от работната атмосфера“, за да се предотврати излагането на голяма част от работниците на риск от физическо и емоционално изтощение.
  • В бъдеще социалните партньори следва да се стремят да включат във всички правни рамки или споразумения разпоредби за работниците относно доброволния характер на дистанционната работа или пригодността на конкретни задачи за изпълнение от разстояние. Предоставянето на разяснения относно начина, по който работодателите могат да допринесат за покриване на разходите, свързани с работата от дома, както и гаранции за равностойно заплащане и достъп до обучение за работещите от разстояние, също ще бъдат от решаващо значение.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound will provide important insights into the challenges and prospects related to working conditions and sustainable work in the EU. Building on long-established expertise in this area, Eurofound will look at trends and progress over time and identify emerging concerns around working conditions and job quality. The analysis will cover different countries, sectors, occupations and groups of workers on issues such as work organisation and teleworkingworking timework–life balanceequal treatmentworkplace health and well-beingskills and trainingearnings and prospects, and job satisfaction. Non-standard forms of employment will be a specific focus, particularly self-employment.

In light of the EU’s demographic challenge of an ageing population and the increasing diversity of working life, Eurofound will continue to explore the factors enabling more workers to stay in employment longer. It will also put the spotlight on improving job quality as an enabler of greater labour market participation and increased employee motivation, contributing to sustainable work over the life course.

The links between work and health will be investigated in close consultation with the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA). Eurofound aims to build on its collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) on issues around the future of work and working conditions at global level.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action to improve working conditions and job quality, while progressing towards sustainable work, helping to address the challenges facing the EU and national levels in the areas of work and employment. It focuses on identifying pressing issues and specific groups at risk and analysing selected elements.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a robust social Europe. In particular, Eurofound’s research will support policy initiatives under the European Pillar of Social Rights in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis and activities linked to, among other initiatives, the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the reinforced Youth Guarantee, the Youth Employment Support package, the skills agenda, as well as innovation and job creation and the European Commission’s proposal for adequate minimum wages in the EU.

Eurofound research

Eurofound continues to monitor developments in working conditions, with a particular focus on improvements in the job quality of older workers, the challenges associated with specific types of self-employment and the longer-term structural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. 

In 2024, fieldwork commences for the newest edition of the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS), which includes questions on working conditions and work–life outcomes relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The first results are planned for the end of 2024. 

Final analysis of data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS) feeds into three studies in 2024: an analysis of working conditions and work practices in the hybrid workplace; an investigation of changing working time patterns; and an examination of the job quality of older workers.

Research commences on small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe, examining levels of digitalisation, digital skills, innovation and training strategies. This research assesses how workers in SMEs compare to the average in terms of working conditions, job quality, digital skills and take-up of training. 

Research in 2024 also aims to identify the most vulnerable group of workers by examining employment relationships that combine several unfavourable characteristics. The research investigates the job quality of workers in these employment relationships, their access to social protection and training, as well as ways to support the transition to more secure forms of employment. 
 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 January 2024
Publication
Work programme
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2022 година започна с предпазлив оптимизъм. Европа излизаше от двугодишния период на пандемията от COVID-19 и в NextGenerationEU беше изложен план за възстановяване, предвиждащ изграждане на силно и устойчиво бъдеще...

4 May 2023
Publication
Annual report
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Строгите ограничения в областта на общественото здраве, въведени от правителствата през 2020 г. с цел контролиране на пандемията от COVID-19, рязко промениха трудовия живот и продължиха да го оформят през...

29 November 2022
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Barbara Gerstenberger is Head of the Working Life unit at Eurofound. In this role, she coordinates the research teams investigating job quality in Europe based on the European...

​Head of Unit,
Working life research unit
Publications results (568)

Workers will experience the effects of climate change in many ways: job insecurity, changes to their work tasks and responsibilities, and changes in their workplaces that may involve different work practices and the development of new activities and products. Climate change risks are associated with

01 July 2024

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to light evidence on the key issues shaping the daily lives and work of Europeans.

02 May 2024

Ensuring greater social protection for self-employed people has been the subject of much policy debate in recent years. In 2019, the Council of the European Union adopted a recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed. Sudden reductions in income during the COVID-1

30 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 and building on a theoretical model that differentiates between job stressors and job resources, this report examines key psychosocial risks in the workplace and their impact on health.

23 November 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a diverse collection of workers ensured the functioning of our societies. In a time of crisis, they maintained access to healthcare, long-term care and other essential goods and services, including food, water, electricity, the internet and waste treatment.

10 October 2023

Терминът „хибридна работа“ се популяризира с увеличаването на работата от разстояние по време на пандемията от COVID-19, когато фирмите и служителите започнаха да обсъждат начини за организиране на работата след кризата. Терминът все по-често се използва за обозначаване на ситуации, при които

25 May 2023

2022 година започна с предпазлив оптимизъм. Европа излизаше от двугодишния период на пандемията от COVID-19 и в NextGenerationEU беше изложен план за възстановяване, предвиждащ изграждане на силно и устойчиво бъдеще. Руската инвазия в Украйна в началото на годината обаче промени ситуацията

04 May 2023

В доклада се разглеждат вероятни и въображаеми сценарии за развитието на работата от разстояние и хибридната работа в ЕС до 2035 г., както и последиците от тях за сферата на труда. Доколко мениджърите и служителите, работодателските организации и синдикатите, както и политиците са подготвени за по

28 April 2023

This paper presents an analytical summary of current academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage the transition to a carbon-neutral economy on four key domains: employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the main empirical

12 April 2023

Online resources results (1778)

Germany: Compromise struck on new temporary agency work legislation

A revised bill on temporary agency work and service work, set to be passed by the German Federal Government in early March 2016, was finally passed by Parliament in October and awaits approval by the Federal Council. It contains limitations on the use of temporary agency work, but also provides room

Ireland: New paternity leave law could benefit up to 40,000 fathers

It is estimated that between 30,000 and 40,000 fathers a year will apply for the new paternity leave benefit which entitles a ‘relevant parent’ to claim two weeks’ continuous paid leave from his or her employment within 26 weeks of the birth/adoption of their child.

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Bulgaria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Government measures to support employment, the representativeness of the social partner organisations, and the social partners’ failure to agree on an increase in minimum insurance thresholds are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in

Malta: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The restructuring exercise at Air Malta, which is nearing its end, and the changes to the Industrial Tribunal are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Malta in the third quarter of 2016.

Belgium: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

The definition of hazardous jobs, measures to promote youth employment, a series of collective redundancies and proposals to alter wage formation are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Belgium in the third quarter of

Italy: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new legal framework for call centres, the issue of work-related fatalities, contract renewals – especially in the large retail and textile sectors – and pension reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Italy

Hungary: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Proposals on how to tackle labour shortages, a strike by municipal employees for higher wages, and mounting tensions around reforms to education and vocational training are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Hungary

Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Good news on unemployment, criticism by social partners of sanctions on Portugal for breaking EU rules on the public deficit, and talks on increasing the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Portugal

Romania: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

Protests and strikes, the transposition of European directives on labour relations, a wage policy to encourage some workers and attempts to improve some public sector salaries are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in


Blogs results (61)
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To mark annual World Day for Safety and Health at Work on 28 April, Anna Gallinat, Communications Project Officer, discusses Eurofound’s most recent evidence on safety and health in the workplace.

27 April 2018
Pay inequalities come back into focus in post-crisis Europe

The ability to make ends meet is a vital issue for many Europeans and an important priority for European policymakers. In the immediate aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis the initial focus was to mitigate and reverse job loss, particularly in the countries most affected. With employment back to p

3 November 2017
Rethinking working time in Europe

The results of recent research on working time patterns in the EU constitute a strong plea for working time policies that clearly acknowledge the life course perspective. This means that working time must not only be thought and organised in daily, weekly, monthly and/or yearly terms but also take

1 November 2017
The many faces of self-employment In Europe

While the Europe 2020 strategy actively promotes entrepreneurial self-employment as a means to create good jobs, policy makers at national and EU level are actively looking at better social protection for self-employed workers. Understanding this paradox requires looking beyond the ‘self-employed’ l

26 October 2017
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In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be i

13 October 2017
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The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term ch

20 June 2017
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Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

6 June 2017
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One of the common values that unites the European Union is that of equal opportunities: all citizens should have the same possibility to improve their lives and participate in the labour market regardless of gender, ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Ensuring equal opportunities in finding w

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The growth in average (nominal) pay of employees has accelerated in recent years in EU countries after a slump following the economic crisis. Similar developments show up in data on collectively agreed wages. However, higher wage growth figures do not automatically mean that all employees benefit

27 February 2017
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Dr Erika Mezger, Eurofound's Deputy Director, outlines what the European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) says about working conditions among German workers and how they compare to those of the rest of Europe.

2 February 2017

Upcoming publications results (3)

This policy brief investigates how organisations are adapting their work organisation and practices to hybrid work. Based on case studies and on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2024, the policy brief examines how hybrid work is being managed in organisations and profiles t

April 2025

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024
Data results (1)

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