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Životní podmínky a kvalita života

Životní podmínky a kvalita života tvoří jednu ze šesti hlavních činností pracovního programu nadace Eurofound na období 2021–2024. Eurofound bude i nadále mapovat a analyzovat klíčové aspekty související se zlepšováním životních podmínek lidí v Evropě, včetně informací o tom, jak lidé vnímají kvalitu života a společnosti. Vzhledem k tomu, že pandemie COVID-19 a následující ekonomická krize hluboce ovlivnily životy lidí, nadace Eurofound bude dále zkoumat dopad krize na občany EU v různých obdobích života.

Výzkum agentury Eurofound v období 2021–2024 poskytne důležité poznatky o výzvách a vyhlídkách v oblasti životních podmínek a kvality života v EU a o úloze, kterou plní různé iniciativy s cílem snížit sociální problémy jednotlivých skupin obyvatel. Zvláštní pozornost bude věnována dopadům na starší lidi a potřebu péče, na mladé lidi a jejich sociální začlenění a sociální mobilitu, jakož i nejrůznějším důsledkům krize pro muže a ženy .

Při řešení krize COVID-19 hrály významnou úlohu veřejné služby . Ty čelily značným výzvám a agentura Eurofound je bude posuzovat podrobněji – zaměří se na problematiku kvality, dostupnosti a cenové dostupnosti. Z předchozích poznatků vyplynulo, že krize měla neúměrný dopad na určité skupiny v závislosti na věku, pečovatelských povinnostech rovnováze mezi pracovním a soukromým životem .

Eurofound se ve spolupráci s Evropským institutem pro rovnost žen a mužů (EIGE) chystá zkoumat mnohostranné genderové rozdíly na základě toho, jaký dopad má krize COVID-19 na muže a ženy, co se týče zaměstnanosti, materiálních životních podmínek a duševní pohody, s cílem identifikovat odlišnosti a posoudit jejich vliv na genderové rozdíly.

„Při budování důvěry ve stávající evropské instituce byla klíčová kvalita veřejných služeb. Ta bude zásadní i pro překonání stávajících a budoucích výzev. Kvalitní služby představují prostor pro inovace, především při přechodu na digitální ekologičtější služby a při přípravě na budoucí rizika, například pandemie.“

Tadas Leončikas, vedoucí manažer výzkumu, oddělení sociální politiky

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Klíčová politická sdělení

Infografika

Hlavní zjištění vyplývající z výzkumu nadace Eurofound slouží jako podklad pro tvůrce politik při řešení některých klíčových problémů v této oblasti.

  • Vnímání napětí ve společnosti má nejškodlivější dopad na důvěru v instituce; klíčovým stimulem pro zvyšování důvěry v instituce je vnímaná kvalita veřejných služeb.
  • Je potřeba poskytovat dlouhodobější a flexibilnější péči. Domácí péče a pomoc by měly být dostupnější, především v těch členských státech EU, kde jsou nejnižší příjmy.
  • Okamžitá dostupnost primární zdravotní péče, sociální péče a dlouhodobé péče může zajistit včasnou intervenci a monitorování měnících se potřeb a zabránit stupňování problémů v oblasti dlouhodobé péče.
  • U mladých lidí se v čím dál větší míře projevují duševní onemocnění. Není ovšem jasné, zda je to kvůli vyššímu výskytu, nebo lepšímu povědomí a diagnostice. Duševní zdraví je úzce spjaté s dalšími problémy mladých lidí. Může být důsledkem nerovnosti nebo rovnou jejím zdrojem. K rizikovým faktorům duševních onemocnění patří zdravotní postižení a dlouhodobé onemocnění, problémy v rodině, problémy ve vztazích s vrstevníky a intenzivní používání sociálních médií.
  • Míra důvěry a sociální soudržnosti se sice od finanční krize v celé Evropě zlepšila, ale vypuknutí pandemie COVID-19 se výrazně podepsalo na duševní pohodě v nejvíce postižených zemích.
  • Ke skupinám nejvíce zasaženým omezením volného pohybu osob patří mladí lidé, kteří spolu s nezaměstnanými uvádějí nejnižší míru duševní pohody, a to i přes určité zlepšení od vypuknutí pandemie. Životní spokojenost a optimismus se sice od dubna 2020 zvýšily, ale mladí lidé se i nadále cítí vyloučeni ze společnosti a zůstávají vystaveni největšímu riziku deprese. Z toho vyplývá, že omezení volného pohybu osob na ně má větší dopad.
  • V případě dalších vln koronaviru budou mít zásadní význam opatření ke zmírnění rizik v oblasti duševního zdraví nezaměstnaných a mladých lidí v důsledku krize COVID-19. Součástí pokračujících politických opatření musí být poskytování cílené podpory s cílem umožnit uchazečům o zaměstnání znovu nalézt pracovní uplatnění a vyrovnat se s dopady pandemie a zajistit, aby se mladí lidé mohli plně zapojit do společnosti.
  • Krize COVID-19 snížila míru optimismu a ženám narušila rovnováhu mezi pracovním a soukromým životem více než mužům. Zásadním úkolem bude tyto rozdíly odstranit, aby se zajistilo, že ženy na pandemii nedoplatí neúměrně víc.
  • V době krize musí zůstat zachování důvěry občanů ve vnitrostátní a evropské instituce v centru pozornosti, protože dodržování opatření v boji s onemocněním COVID-19 výrazně závisí na míře důvěry v instituce a doporučení odborníků. Zvýšení míry důvěry v instituce uváděné respondenty, kteří využili podpůrná opatření, rovněž vysílá jasný signál vládám členských států a EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Leden 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Nedostupné bydlení v EU vzbuzuje velké obavy. Vede k bezdomovectví, nejistotě v oblasti bydlení, finančnímu tlaku a nevyhovujícímu bydlení. Brání také mladým lidem v opuštění domácnosti rodičů. Tyto problémy mají...

30 Květen 2023
Publication
Research report
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Rok 2022 začal s opatrným optimismem. Evropa se vzpamatovávala ze dvou let pandemie covidu-19, přičemž nástroj NextGenerationEU stanovil plán oživení, který je zaměřen na silnou a udržitelnou budoucnost. Ruský útok...

4 Květen 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

06 July 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

06 July 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

06 July 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

08 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

03 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

03 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

03 June 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

25 May 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

25 May 2010

Urban populations have become increasingly heterogeneous in ethnic, cultural and religious terms. These multi-ethnic, multicultural and multi-religious structures challenge the ability of municipalities to establish or maintain peaceful relations among the different segments of the population. The

20 May 2010

Online resources results (219)

Bulgaria: Studies highlight rising poverty in households

Bulgaria is Europe’s poorest country, according to a report by Catholic charity Caritas, which asserts that almost one-half of Bulgarians (48%) are living in poverty. Another study by the think-tank IME claims that domestic policies fail to effectively target those most in need in Bulgaria.

Estonia: Identifying ways to improve the parental leave system

This study looked at parental leave schemes and benefits in place in Estonia with a view to assessing how well the existing system meets the needs of parents and employers. The aim was to identify new solutions to support policy development and to suggest ways to change the system to support work

Portugal: Rejection of austerity measures in public sector

In 2014, Portugal's Constitutional Court ruled that a number of the coalition government's austerity measures were unconstitutional. The government’s response was a new austerity package that extended the possibility of wage cuts to 2018 and included permanent cuts to public pensions. The

Germany: Family benefit rule changes encourage parents to share childcare duties

In November 2014, the German government remodelled its parental benefit scheme to promote part-time working for mothers and fathers. The reform is a further step towards refocusing the country's family dynamic from the typical male breadwinner model towards a Nordic dual-earner model.


Blogs results (32)
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Discussions on Germany at European level invariably focus on the country’s strong economic performance and how this relates to the labour market and broader society. This is a narrative I have myself contributed to in a previous blog piece. However, Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

7 Březen 2018
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The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), carried out by Eurofound every four years, explores a variety of aspects related to living standards, health, family and work–life balance, as well as people's happiness levels, satisfaction with their lives, and their perceptions regarding the quality of

21 Únor 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 Leden 2018
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In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Manager Anna Ludwinek looks at the substantial section of the population that is not working and does not figure in unemployment statistics, but retains significant employment potential.

20 Prosinec 2017
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Europe – a world-class place to live and work? ‘A world-class place to live and work.’ That is how President Juncker described Europe at the summit to formally proclaim the EU Pillar of Social Rights in Gothenburg last month. And he added: ‘Europe is more than just a single market, more than money

7 Prosinec 2017
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In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be i

13 Říjen 2017
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Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

6 Červen 2017
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Equality of opportunity and upward social mobility are important aspects of the European social model. Until quite recently concerns about rising inequalities were often countered by assurances about protecting social mobility, and the assertion that an individual’s status is mainly down to their wo

26 Duben 2017
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There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in employmen

26 Září 2016
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In this blog piece, originally posted on Social Europe, Eurofound Director Juan Menéndez-Valdés looks the complex and multi-faceted story of what it is to live and work in the European Union of today.

13 Červen 2016

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Říjen 2023
Reference period:

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