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Εργασιακές σχέσεις

Εργατικά συνδικάτα, οργανώσεις εργοδοτών και δημόσιες αρχές διαδραματίζουν ο καθένας τον ρόλο του όσον αφορά το πλαίσιο που διέπει τις σχέσεις απασχόλησης. Αποτελούν όλοι αλληλεξαρτώμενα μέρη ενός συστήματος το οποίο λειτουργεί σε ευρωπαϊκό, εθνικό, κλαδικό, περιφερειακό και επιχειρησιακό επίπεδο. Τα τελευταία χρόνια, με την εξέλιξη της τεχνολογίας και των μορφών εργασίας μέσα σε ένα συνεχώς μεταβαλλόμενο οικονομικό περιβάλλον, τα συστήματα των εργασιακών σχέσεων έχουν αντιμετωπίσει σημαντικές προκλήσεις.

Σε αυτό το πλαίσιο, η Ευρωπαϊκή Επιτροπή εγκαινίασε το 2015 μια «νέα αρχή» για τον ευρωπαϊκό κοινωνικό διάλογο. Σε κοινή τους δήλωση τον Ιούνιο του 2016, η Επιτροπή, το Συμβούλιο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης και οι κοινωνικοί εταίροι υπογράμμισαν τον θεμελιώδη ρόλο του Eurofound στη χάραξη των πολιτικών της ΕΕ για την απασχόληση και τα κοινωνικά θέματα.

Topic

Recent updates

EU context

Το έργο του Eurofound

Επί 40 και πλέον χρόνια, το Eurofound έχει αναπτυχθεί ως βασικό κέντρο εμπειρογνωμοσύνης για την παρακολούθηση και ανάλυση των τάσεων στις εργασιακές σχέσεις. Μελετά επίσης τη διασύνδεση των ευρωπαϊκών με τις εθνικές προσπάθειες κοινωνικού διαλόγου. Με βάση τα στοιχεία που του παρέχει το δίκτυο ευρωπαίων ανταποκριτών στα 28 κράτη μέλη της ΕΕ και τη Νορβηγία, ο Οργανισμός παρακολούθησε συνολικά τις εξελίξεις τόσο σε επίπεδο κρατών μελών όσο και σε επίπεδο ΕΕ. 

Βασικές συνεισφορές

Το Eurofound έχει εκπονήσει διάφορες συγκριτικές αναλύσεις, άρθρα και μελέτες περιπτώσεων σε ολόκληρη την ΕΕ των 28 και στη Νορβηγία στον τομέα των εργασιακών σχέσεων, καθώς και βάσεις δεδομένων για συναφή θέματα, οι οποίες ενημερώνονται τακτικά.

Πρόσφατη μελέτη αποτυπώνει και εξετάζει βασικές παραμέτρους και δείκτες που σχετίζονται με τα συστήματα εργασιακών σχέσεων στην Ευρώπη του 21ου αιώνα. Άλλες έρευνες εξετάζουν τον τρόπο με τον οποίο οι κοινωνικοί εταίροι στην ΕΕ και στη Νορβηγία έχουν διερευνήσει νέα θέματα, εργαλεία και καινοτόμες προσεγγίσεις ώστε να ανταποκριθούν στις πολυάριθμες νέες πολιτικές, νομικές και κοινωνικές προκλήσεις που εμφανίστηκαν τα τελευταία χρόνια.

Οι αποδοχές και ο χρόνος εργασίας εξακολουθούν να αποτελούν τομείς αυξημένου ενδιαφέροντος και επανεξετάζονται σε ετήσια βάση. Ένα σκέλος της πρόσφατης επικαιροποίησης των στοιχείων σχετικά με τις αποδοχές επικεντρώνεται στο ύψος του νόμιμου κατώτατου μισθού στα κράτη μέλη της ΕΕ, ενώ ένα άλλο στις συλλογικές μισθολογικές διαπραγματεύσεις.

Από το 2006 το Eurofound διενεργεί μελέτες σχετικά με την αντιπροσωπευτικότητα των ευρωπαϊκών τομεακών οργανώσεων κοινωνικών εταίρων, κατ' εντολή της Ευρωπαϊκής Επιτροπής.

Πόροι

Εκθέσεις σχετικά με τις εξελίξεις όσον αφορά τον εργασιακό βίο

Το Eurofound παρέχει συστηματικά και συγκρίσιμα δεδομένα σχετικά με τα εθνικά συστήματα εργασιακών σχέσεων και τις εξελίξεις όσον αφορά τον εργασιακό βίο, μέσω εργαλείων παρακολούθησης και υποβολής εκθέσεων με βάση τα στοιχεία που υποβάλλονται από το δίκτυο ευρωπαίων ανταποκριτών από τα 28 κράτη μέλη και τη Νορβηγία.

Key outputs

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Η ετήσια επισκόπηση των κατώτατων μισθών για το 2023 εκπονήθηκε σε περιβάλλον πρωτοφανούς πληθωρισμού σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη. Παρότι αυτό οδήγησε σε σημαντικές αυξήσεις των ονομαστικών μισθών σε πολλές χώρες...

29 Ιούνιος 2023
Publication
Research report
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Η έκθεση αναλύει τις πρόσφατες εξελίξεις και τις αναδυόμενες πρακτικές στις διαδικασίες και τα αποτελέσματα των συλλογικών διαπραγματεύσεων, κυρίως στον ιδιωτικό τομέα. Εξετάζει τα συστήματα συλλογικών διαπραγματεύσεων σε 10 κράτη...

31 Αύγουστος 2022
Publication
Research report
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Ως μέρος της εντολής του να προάγει τον διάλογο μεταξύ των κοινωνικών εταίρων, το Eurofound παρακολούθησε και ανέλυσε τις εξελίξεις στα συστήματα εργασιακών σχέσεων σε επίπεδο ΕΕ και στα κράτη...

11 Δεκέμβριος 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

    ricardo-rodriguez-contreras-2023.png

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

    Research officer,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (517)

    This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes of setting the minimum wage rates for 2024 and beyond. It investigates the extent to which minimum wage earners were affected by

    26 June 2024

    Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

    26 February 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

    08 December 2023

    Previous Eurofound research developed three complementary tools to examine the dynamics of industrial relations and compare how national industrial relations systems are faring in terms of quality and change over time.

    05 December 2023

    In the EU, non-compliance with statutory or negotiated minimum wages averages 6.93% or 1.3%, depending on the statistics used. The lowest national estimate is 0.01% in Belgium and the highest is 11.59% in Hungary.

    27 November 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

    21 November 2023

    This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

    09 November 2023

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

    26 October 2023

    After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

    06 September 2023

    Η ετήσια επισκόπηση των κατώτατων μισθών για το 2023 εκπονήθηκε σε περιβάλλον πρωτοφανούς πληθωρισμού σε ολόκληρη την Ευρώπη. Παρότι αυτό οδήγησε σε σημαντικές αυξήσεις των ονομαστικών μισθών σε πολλές χώρες, σε πολλές περιπτώσεις δεν αρκούσε για να διατηρηθεί η αγοραστική δύναμη των εργαζομένων. Με

    29 June 2023

    Online resources results (1688)

    Estonia: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

    A new three-year sectoral collective agreement for bus drivers, concerns about transposition of the Enforcement Directive, and social policy reforms are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Estonia in the third quarter

    Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

    Cyprus: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    A strike by primary school teachers and the resumption of public service recruitment are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Cyprus in the third quarter of 2016.

    Austria: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The labour market integration of refugees and asylum seekers, together with discussions about the types of jobs unemployed people should accept, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Austria in the third quarter of

    EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the

    Slovakia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Differences between social partners on a proposal to increase the minimum wage, demands by industrial trade unions for higher wages and strike action by teachers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in the

    Germany: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    Falling unemployment and an improved business outlook, the views of social partners on proposed equal pay legislation, and the rise of the right-wing AfD party are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Germany in the

    United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    The Prime Minister’s statements on Brexit at the Conservative Party conference, labour market developments and the latest developments in the junior doctors’ dispute are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the United

    Czech Republic: Latest working life developments - Q3 2016

    Significant wage increases in many sectors, positive results from public opinion surveys, amendment of the Labour Code and easier rules on employing low-qualified Ukrainian workers are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

    A proposal to change the state pension age, suggested changes to requirements for public procurement contracts and an increase in the use of permanent employment contracts are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in


    Blogs results (18)
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    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

    15 Ιούνιος 2022
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    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

    28 Οκτώβριος 2020
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    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 Απρίλιος 2020
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    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 Ιανουάριος 2020
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    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a p

    20 Νοέμβριος 2019
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    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 Νοέμβριος 2019
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    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law guarantee

    17 Ιούλιος 2019
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    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

    30 Μάιος 2019
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    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across E

    17 Απρίλιος 2019
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    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Μάιος 2018

    Upcoming publications results (8)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    July 2025

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the political context in 2023; updates on the social partners and social dialogue ins

    July 2024

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