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Dialogo sociale

Il dialogo sociale si può definire come un insieme di negoziati, consultazioni, azioni congiunte, discussioni e informazioni condivise che riguardano datori di lavoro e lavoratori. Un dialogo sociale funzionante è uno strumento chiave nella creazione delle condizioni di lavoro, coinvolgendo vari soggetti a diversi livelli, e consente di trovare un equilibrio tra gli interessi dei lavoratori e quelli dei datori di lavoro, contribuendo altresì alla competitività economica e alla coesione sociale.

Recenti dibattiti politici al livello dell’Unione europea hanno evidenziato che, in particolare dopo la crisi del 2008, l’emergere di nuovi dibattiti sulla giustizia sociale, la democrazia e la qualità del lavoro nonché di nuovi modelli per i rapporti di lavoro hanno messo in discussione le tradizionali relazioni industriali e le modalità di dialogo sociale.

Il 5 marzo 2015, trent’anni dopo la storica inaugurazione del dialogo sociale europeo nel castello Val Duchesse di Bruxelles, la Commissione ha posto le basi di un nuovo inizio per il dialogo sociale in occasione di un evento ad alto livello che ha riunito le organizzazioni delle parti sociali di tutta Europa. Il dialogo sociale europeo è uno strumento della politica sociale dell’UE che contribuisce direttamente a plasmare il diritto e le politiche del lavoro dell’Unione.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Il lavoro di Eurofound

I responsabili delle politiche necessitano di prove concrete per comprendere i cambiamenti che avvengono nel mercato del lavoro e rispondere alla mutevole dinamica delle relazioni industriali europee. Eurofound si serve di dati e analisi che provengono dalla sua rete di corrispondenti nei 28 Stati membri dell’UE e in Norvegia per identificare tendenze e modelli e indicare esempi di dialogo sociale funzionante sia a livello europeo che a livello nazionale.

Le ricerche di Eurofound approfondiscono aspetti quali la partecipazione e la rappresentanza dei lavoratori, la contrattazione collettiva e le relazioni industriali a tutti i livelli, esaminando il grado di adattamento di tali relazioni industriali all’avvento delle organizzazioni multinazionali e adottando una prospettiva globale che raffronta i sistemi delle relazioni industriali e i risultati di economie extra-UE, come gli Stati Uniti e il Giappone.

Contributi chiave

Eurofound ha prodotto un vasto corpus di testi che copre un periodo ultraquarantennale, descrivendo i tanti e mutevoli risvolti del dialogo sociale in Europa a diversi livelli (aziendale, nazionale, europeo e internazionale).

Negli ultimi anni, Eurofound ha condotto analisi approfondite su vari argomenti della massima importanza per il dialogo sociale, tra cui: 

Gli studi di rappresentatività affidati dalla Commissione a Eurofound nel 2006 vertono su molti settori e forniscono le informazioni di base necessarie per l’istituzione e il funzionamento dei comitati europei di dialogo sociale settoriale.

Risorse

Sviluppato nel 2005 come strumento di riferimento online per i decisori politici e i professionisti, il dizionario europeo delle relazioni industriali è una fonte preziosa di informazioni sull’occupazione e sulle relazioni industriali nell’UE. I profili della vita lavorativa per paese forniscono informazioni contestuali pertinenti sulle strutture, sulle istituzioni e sui regolamenti posti alla base della vita lavorativa nei 28 Stati membri dell’UE e in Norvegia, nonché al livello dell’UE.

L’obiettivo delle banche dati in materia di contrattazione salariale collettiva e di retribuzioni, orario lavorativo e controversie collettive è quello di offrire ai ricercatori e ai responsabili delle politiche informazioni quantitative e qualitative su questi argomenti in tutti gli Stati membri e in Norvegia dal 2000 ad oggi.

Key outputs

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Di recente, a eccezione di alcuni picchi intermittenti, si è verificata una generale diminuzione delle azioni sindacali negli Stati membri dell’UE. Durante la pandemia di COVID-19 questo trend è proseguito...

7 Febbraio 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzo 2021
Publication
Other
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Nell’ambito del suo mandato di promozione del dialogo tra le parti sociali, Eurofound ha monitorato e analizzato gli sviluppi dei sistemi di relazioni industriali a livello di UE e negli...

11 Dicembre 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

This first EIRO Annual review aims to provide an overview and summary of western Europe's main industrial relations developments in 1997, drawing on the EIROnline database records entered during the year. The review also provides a guide to using EIROnline, which is the heart of the Observatory's

23 February 1999

Online resources results (435)

Denmark: Tripartite negotiations – staged approach seems to be working

When tripartite negotiations broke down almost as soon as they started in 2012, many labour market researchers and social partner representatives predicted the government would no longer invite the social partners to such negotiations. However, they have started again but only after the involved

Norway: Public procurement – new thresholds introduced despite joint protest from social partners

The government has doubled the value of public procurement contracts above which strict rules designed to discourage social dumping must be followed. The change brings Norway into line with European Economic Area Agreement rules. In a joint letter to the Minister of Trade and Industry, the employers

Poland: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

Protests against the proposed education reform, a new chairperson for the central tripartite body, the return of lower retirement ages and deregulation measures for businesses are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Croatia: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

A new government, the revival of public sector collective bargaining, an increase in the basic salary for civil servants and public employees, and setting the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

France: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

The enactment of laws on labour reform, protection for whistleblowers, negotiations on unemployment insurance and the restructuring of trade unions and employer organisations are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Luxembourg: Latest working life developments – Q4 2016

New collective agreements, ongoing negotiations in three key sectors, discussions about workplace surveillance, plans to improve the education system and an increase in the minimum wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

Greece: Tripartite strategy for combating undeclared work

Greece’s informal economy is estimated to account for 25% of its gross domestic product. A three-year project to strengthen employment monitoring and inspection, improve tax collection, and educate employers and workers about the benefits of formal work is being led by the ILO, closely supported by

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A new tripartite agreement to increase the number of internships and meet future skills needs and the staged approach to tripartite discussions are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Denmark in the third quarter of

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Wage negotiations in the public sector, the suspension of dialogue between employer organisations and the government over tax amendments, and protests by assistant kindergarten teachers regarding pay are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

Issues related to work–life balance, the launch of the public consultation on social rules in road transport and some developments in social dialogue are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the European Union in the


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembre 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Giugno 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Ottobre 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Marzo 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Ottobre 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Aprile 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

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