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Dialogo sociale

Il dialogo sociale si può definire come un insieme di negoziati, consultazioni, azioni congiunte, discussioni e informazioni condivise che riguardano datori di lavoro e lavoratori. Un dialogo sociale funzionante è uno strumento chiave nella creazione delle condizioni di lavoro, coinvolgendo vari soggetti a diversi livelli, e consente di trovare un equilibrio tra gli interessi dei lavoratori e quelli dei datori di lavoro, contribuendo altresì alla competitività economica e alla coesione sociale.

Recenti dibattiti politici al livello dell’Unione europea hanno evidenziato che, in particolare dopo la crisi del 2008, l’emergere di nuovi dibattiti sulla giustizia sociale, la democrazia e la qualità del lavoro nonché di nuovi modelli per i rapporti di lavoro hanno messo in discussione le tradizionali relazioni industriali e le modalità di dialogo sociale.

Il 5 marzo 2015, trent’anni dopo la storica inaugurazione del dialogo sociale europeo nel castello Val Duchesse di Bruxelles, la Commissione ha posto le basi di un nuovo inizio per il dialogo sociale in occasione di un evento ad alto livello che ha riunito le organizzazioni delle parti sociali di tutta Europa. Il dialogo sociale europeo è uno strumento della politica sociale dell’UE che contribuisce direttamente a plasmare il diritto e le politiche del lavoro dell’Unione.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Il lavoro di Eurofound

I responsabili delle politiche necessitano di prove concrete per comprendere i cambiamenti che avvengono nel mercato del lavoro e rispondere alla mutevole dinamica delle relazioni industriali europee. Eurofound si serve di dati e analisi che provengono dalla sua rete di corrispondenti nei 28 Stati membri dell’UE e in Norvegia per identificare tendenze e modelli e indicare esempi di dialogo sociale funzionante sia a livello europeo che a livello nazionale.

Le ricerche di Eurofound approfondiscono aspetti quali la partecipazione e la rappresentanza dei lavoratori, la contrattazione collettiva e le relazioni industriali a tutti i livelli, esaminando il grado di adattamento di tali relazioni industriali all’avvento delle organizzazioni multinazionali e adottando una prospettiva globale che raffronta i sistemi delle relazioni industriali e i risultati di economie extra-UE, come gli Stati Uniti e il Giappone.

Contributi chiave

Eurofound ha prodotto un vasto corpus di testi che copre un periodo ultraquarantennale, descrivendo i tanti e mutevoli risvolti del dialogo sociale in Europa a diversi livelli (aziendale, nazionale, europeo e internazionale).

Negli ultimi anni, Eurofound ha condotto analisi approfondite su vari argomenti della massima importanza per il dialogo sociale, tra cui: 

Gli studi di rappresentatività affidati dalla Commissione a Eurofound nel 2006 vertono su molti settori e forniscono le informazioni di base necessarie per l’istituzione e il funzionamento dei comitati europei di dialogo sociale settoriale.

Risorse

Sviluppato nel 2005 come strumento di riferimento online per i decisori politici e i professionisti, il dizionario europeo delle relazioni industriali è una fonte preziosa di informazioni sull’occupazione e sulle relazioni industriali nell’UE. I profili della vita lavorativa per paese forniscono informazioni contestuali pertinenti sulle strutture, sulle istituzioni e sui regolamenti posti alla base della vita lavorativa nei 28 Stati membri dell’UE e in Norvegia, nonché al livello dell’UE.

L’obiettivo delle banche dati in materia di contrattazione salariale collettiva e di retribuzioni, orario lavorativo e controversie collettive è quello di offrire ai ricercatori e ai responsabili delle politiche informazioni quantitative e qualitative su questi argomenti in tutti gli Stati membri e in Norvegia dal 2000 ad oggi.

Key outputs

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Di recente, a eccezione di alcuni picchi intermittenti, si è verificata una generale diminuzione delle azioni sindacali negli Stati membri dell’UE. Durante la pandemia di COVID-19 questo trend è proseguito...

7 Febbraio 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzo 2021
Publication
Other
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Nell’ambito del suo mandato di promozione del dialogo tra le parti sociali, Eurofound ha monitorato e analizzato gli sviluppi dei sistemi di relazioni industriali a livello di UE e negli...

11 Dicembre 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

The aim of this report is to add to the discussion on how Eurofound can contribute to supporting capacity building of social partners for effective social dialogue. The report includes a review by Eurofound aimed at identifying the capacity-building needs and initiatives of social partners in

10 September 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the sea fisheries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

10 August 2020

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the paper sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

04 August 2020

This study examines the interaction between social dialogue practices and human resources management (HRM) policies in European multinational companies (MNCs). It looks at the changing role of HRM and its interaction with European Works Councils (EWCs), which can act as a link between different

16 June 2020

This report investigates the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in designing and implementing reforms and policies in the context of the European Semester 2018–2019 and in the elaboration of the National Reform Programmes. As previously reported by Eurofound, there is a positive

09 June 2020

European sectoral social dialogue plays an important role in promoting dialogue between the social partners in industrial sectors at European level. There are currently 43 European sectoral social dialogue committees that bring together the social partners from the EU Member States – representatives

06 December 2019

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the industrial cleaning sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

21 November 2019

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the ICT and telecommunications sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and

05 November 2019

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the private security sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

05 November 2019

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the insurance sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

07 October 2019

Online resources results (435)

Slovenia: Employers withdraw from social agreement for 2015–2016

Slovenian employer organisations withdrew from the 2015–2016 social agreement at the end of November 2015, after Parliament approved amendments to the law on the minimum wage. Employers said the government had acted unacceptably and arbitrarily in making the changes. Trade unions, however, argue

France: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Government plans to combat high levels of unemployment, controversial revisions to the Labour Code, negotiations about unemployment insurance schemes and the impact of digitalisation on working life are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

Luxembourg: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Tax reforms welcomed by social partners, failed negotiations over working time legislation, a slight decrease in unemployment levels, and reforms to parental leave allowance are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Latvia: Developments in working life - Q1 2016

Changes in labour and tax legislation, preparations for Latvia’s accession to the OECD and, connected with this, increased political focus on corruption and the shadow economy are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in

Italy: New Stability Law extends range of tax-exempt benefits

Italy’s 2016 Stability Law supports the uptake of private welfare measures by extending the types of tax-exempt benefits offered by employers to include those agreed through collective bargaining.

Denmark: Tripartite agreement on integration of refugees

On 17 April 2016, the Danish government concluded tripartite negotiations with social partner confederations with an agreement on the integration of refugees. Those with no or few competencies are to be offered internships on apprentice wage level, combined with Danish lessons and the possibility

Finland: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Talks on the Competitiveness Pact, threats to the formation of a new peak-level organisation, and an agreement on a wage freeze are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Finland in the first quarter of 2016.

Croatia: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

​The election of Croatia’s new Prime Minister and government, and serious challenges to public finance over public-sector wages are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Croatia in the first quarter of 2016.

Italy: Developments in working life – Q1 2016

Consultation on the renewal of industrial relations regulations, a proposal for a Charter of Universal Labour Rights, new rules on self-employment and 'smart working', and negotiations for the renewal of the collective bargaining agreement in the metalworking sector are the main topics of interest

France: Agreement signed to protect compulsory supplementary pension schemes

In France, two compulsory supplementary pension schemes managed by the social partners are facing financial difficulties. The social partners have signed an agreement to protect the schemes. The agreement introduces a bonus–penalty system to encourage employees to retire later.


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembre 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Giugno 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Ottobre 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Marzo 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Ottobre 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Aprile 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

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