Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
image_activity4_living_conditions_quality_of_life.png

Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė

Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė yra viena iš šešių pagrindinių EUROFOUND 2021–2024 m. darbo programos veiklos rūšių. EUROFOUND toliau planuos ir analizuos pagrindinius aspektus, susijusius su žmonių gyvenimo sąlygų gerinimu Europoje, įskaitant informaciją apie jų gyvenimo kokybės ir visuomenės suvokimą. Kadangi COVID-19 pandemija ir po to kilusi ekonomikos krizė turėjo didelės įtakos žmonių gyvenimui, EUROFOUND toliau tirs šios krizės poveikį ES piliečiams skirtingais gyvenimo etapais.

2021–2024 m. EUROFOUND tyrimas suteiks svarbių įžvalgų apie uždavinius ir perspektyvas gyvenimo sąlygų ir gyvenimo kokybės srityje ES, taip pat apie įvairių iniciatyvų, skirtų palengvinti įvairių piliečių grupių socialinius sunkumus, reikšmę. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama poveikiui vyresniems žmonėms ir priežiūros poreikiams, jaunimui ir jų socialinei įtraukčiai ir socialiniam judumui, taip pat skirtingoms krizės pasekmėms vyrams ir moterims .

Visoje ES teikiamos viešosios paslaugos atliko svarbią funkciją sprendžiant COVID-19 krizę, bet kartu joms kilo ir didelių sunkumų, ir jos bus vertinamos išsamiau, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant tokiems klausimams, kaip kokybė, pasiekiamumas ir prieinamumas. Kaip parodė ankstesnės išvados, krizė turėjo neproporcingą poveikį tam tikroms grupėms pagal amžių, priežiūros pareigas ir profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą , o EUROFOUND tai toliau analizuos.

Bendradarbiaudamas su Europos lyčių lygybės institutu (EIGE), EUROFOUND ketina ištirti daugialypę lyčių nelygybę, tirdamas COVID-19 krizės poveikį vyrams ir moterims dalyvavimo darbe, materialinių gyvenimo sąlygų ir gerovės prasme, siekiant nustatyti skirtumus ir įvertinti šios krizės poveikį lyčių nelygybei.

Viešųjų paslaugų kokybė buvo labai svarbi formuojant pasitikėjimą institucijomis šiuolaikinėje Europoje ir bus labai svarbi sprendžiant dabartines ir būsimas problemas. Kokybiškos paslaugos taip pat yra inovacijų erdvė, ypač pereinant prie skaitmeninių, aplinką tausojančių paslaugų ir ateityje pasirengiant rizikai, pavyzdžiui, pandemijai.

— Tadas Leončikas, vyresnysis mokslo tyrimų vadovas, socialinės politikos skyrius

Topic

Recent updates

eurofound-talks-23.png

In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Pagrindinės politikos gairės

Infografikas

Vadovaudamiesi pagrindinėmis EUROFOUND tyrimų išvadomis politikos formuotojai sprendžia kai kuriuos pagrindinius šios srities klausimus.

  • Visuomenėje jaučiama įtampa labiausiai kenkia pasitikėjimui institucijomis, o suvokiama viešųjų paslaugų kokybė yra pagrindinis veiksnys, skatinantis labiau pasitikėti institucijomis.
  • Reikia daugiau ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugų, užtikrinant didesnį lankstumą. Priežiūra namuose ir pagalba turėtų būti labiau prieinama, ypač tose ES valstybėse narėse, kuriose gaunamos mažiausios pajamos.
  • Galimybė greitai gauti pirminės sveikatos priežiūros, socialinės rūpybos ir ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugas gali paskatinti ankstyvas intervencijas ir besikeičiančių poreikių stebėjimą bei užkirsti kelią ilgalaikės priežiūros problemų išaugimui.
  • Jaunų žmonių psichikos sveikatos problemos vis didėja, nors neaišku, ar taip yra dėl didesnio sergamumo, ar dėl didesnio sąmoningumo ir diagnozavimo. Psichikos sveikata yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis jaunimo problemomis ir gali būti nelygybės pasekmė ir pačios nelygybės priežastis. Psichikos sveikatos problemų rizikos veiksniai yra neįgalumas ir lėtinės ligos, šeimos problemos, santykių su bendraamžiais problemos ir intensyvus socialinių tinklų naudojimas.
  • Nors pasitikėjimo ir socialinės sanglaudos lygis ES po finansų krizės apskritai atsigavo, COVID-19 atsiradimas padarė didelę įtaką gerovei šalyse, kurias labiausiai paveikė pandemija.
  • Jauni žmonės tampa labiausiai nukentėjusiais nuo izoliavimo – jie ir bedarbiai teigia patiriantys žemiausią gerovės lygį, nors nuo pandemijos pradžios padėtis šiek tiek pagerėjo. Nors nuo 2020 m. balandžio mėn. pasitenkinimas gyvenimu ir optimizmas padidėjo, jaunuoliai ir toliau jaučiasi atskirti nuo visuomenės ir jiems vis dar kyla didžiausias depresijos pavojus, o tai rodo, kad izoliavimo metu taikyti apribojimai jiems daro didesnį poveikį.
  • Toliau kylant koronaviruso bangoms bus labai svarbu imtis priemonių, kuriomis būtų mažinama bedarbių ir jaunimo psichikos sveikatos problemų rizika. Įgyvendinant politikos priemones turi būti teikiama tikslinė parama, kad darbo ieškantys asmenys galėtų atsigauti ir susidoroti su pandemijos poveikiu, taip pat turi būti užtikrinamas jaunimo visapusiškas dalyvavimas visuomenės gyvenime.
  • COVID-19 krizė susilpnino optimizmą ir labiau paveikė moterų nei vyrų profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą. Šios žalos atitaisymas bus labai svarbus siekiant užtikrinti, kad moterys pandemijos pasekmes pajustų kuo mažiau.
  • Pagrindinis dėmesys krizės laikotarpiu turi būti skiriamas piliečių pasitikėjimo nacionalinėmis ir Europos institucijomis išlaikymui, nes COVID-19 kontrolės priemonių laikymasis labai priklauso nuo pasitikėjimo institucijomis ir mokslinėmis rekomendacijomis lygio. Padidėjęs pasitikėjimas institucijomis, apie kurį pranešė paramos priemonėmis pasinaudoję respondentai, taip pat yra aiški žinia nacionalinėms vyriausybėms ir ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

image_event_ep_24012023.png

Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Sausis 2024
Publication
Work programme
ef22024_card_cover.png

Neįperkamas būstas ES kelia didelį susirūpinimą, nes neįperkamumas lemia benamystę, finansinius sunkumus, nesaugų ir netinkamą būstą. Be to, dėl šios priežasties jaunuoliai negali išsikelti iš tėvų namų. Šie sunkumai daro...

30 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Research report
ef23016_card_cover.png

2022-ųjų pradžia buvo kupina atsargaus optimizmo. Europa pamažu ėmė atsigauti po dvejus metus trukusios COVID-19 pandemijos, o "NextGenerationEU" ekonomikos gaivinimo planas numatė stiprios ir tvarios ateities kūrimo priemones. Tačiau metų...

4 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
massimiliano-mascherini-2023.png

Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
sanna-nivakoski-2023.png

Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

This report highlights the key challenges facing the EU10 as a result of the high number of health professionals leaving to work abroad, focusing on specific problems and identifying topics for further research. A thorough analysis of the consequences is critical, since it appears the inflow of

21 July 2013

Croatia became the 28th Member State of the European Union on 1 July 2013. Eurofound gathers information on living and working conditions across Europe in order to provide knowledge to assist in the development of social and work-related policies. This fact sheet presents information about Croatia

11 July 2013

Lithuania became a Member State of the European Union in 2004 and took up the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on 1 July 2013. It is the largest of the three Baltic states, with a population of three million. Eurofound gathers information on living and working conditions across Europe

08 July 2013

This report briefly summarises the policy relevant experiences of the CLIP network (cities for local integration policy) of more than 35 European cities in 22 countries over a period of five years from 2006 to 2010. CLIP was founded with the objective of improving local integration policy for

06 May 2013

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at the state of play of the European labour market and what governments, social partners and companies are doing to overcome the crisis. Over the last few years, many jobs have been lost, and mass unemployment has become the reality in some Member States

19 March 2013

The influence of parenting on the well-being and future opportunities of children is widely acknowledged, but it is only recently that parenting support and education have come to be viewed as a social investment that contributes towards reducing parental stress and helping parents to manage their

03 March 2013

Eurofound gathers information on living and working conditions across Europe in order to provide knowledge to assist in the development of social and work-related policies. This fact sheet presents information about Ireland drawn from two of Eurofound’s major research undertakings, the European

01 January 2013

What determines life satisfaction and happiness? How do we value our social situation and immediate surroundings? How has this changed with the economic crisis? For the third wave of the European Quality of Life survey, 35,500 Europeans in all EU Member States were interviewed, in an effort to gain

27 November 2012

Online resources results (219)

Work and employment in the creative industries

The study carried out by Joanneum Research [1] and FORBA [2] investigated areas such as working conditions, career paths and strategies for coping with work pressure. [1] http://www.joanneum.at [2] http://www.forba.at

High levels of stress among sales workers and cashiers

On 19 July 2006, the Department of Safety, Health and Environment and the Working Women’s Department of the Cyprus Workers’ Confederation (Συνομοσπονδία Εργαζομένων Κύπρου, SΕΚ [1]) published a nationally representative study entitled /Safety and health in the workplace: Reconciliation of family and

Employment rates of women and men with children

The nationwide research programme ‘Increasing the attractiveness of working life’, conducted as part of the VETO programme (in Finnish) [1] under the auspices of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health [2] (Sosiaali- ja terveysministeriö), has financed projects which focus on employees who are

Barriers to reconciling work and family life identified

Towards the end of 2006, the Spanish Social and Economic Council (Consejo Económico y Social, CES [1]) presented in its quarterly bulletin an analysis on the issue of reconciling work and family life in Spain. This study is based on a special module (in Spanish) [2] within the Labour Force Survey

Not much flexibility in working time arrangements

In August 2005, the National Statistics Office (NSO [1]) published survey findings in a news release [2] outlining the different working time [3] arrangements of workers in the Maltese labour market. As it is possible to measure working time arrangements in various ways, the NSO report recorded the

Case studies document practical experience of teleworking

In March 2005, the Employment and Training Corporation (ETC [1]) published the findings of a research project entitled ‘An enabling framework for telework’ (425Kb PDF) [2]. The study provides details of the current local situation with regard to telework [3] and identifies the developmental changes

Cooperation between employers and employees regarding parental leave

Interrupting one’s career to take parental leave has been an option in the Czech Republic, in comparison with other European countries, for a relatively long period of time. Until a child reaches the age of three years, employees with children are guaranteed the possibility of returning to their

Good practice in reconciling work and family life

The National Thematic Network on reconciliation of family and working life was set up in 2003 for the purpose of highlighting good practice developed after completion of national projects financed under the European Commission’s EQUAL Initiative [1]. The network aimed to further disseminate these

Impact of income on childcare and work–life balance

To combine work and family life represents a highly complex task for families with young children, in particular for working parents with children below school age. Working parents face challenges in relation to their work, such as forced part-time work [1], shift and weekend work, as well as in

Factors influencing take-up of paternity leave

In the summer of 2006, a report published by the Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC [1]) revealed new research on the take-up of parental leave. The report follows on from previous studies investigating the perspectives of fathers and mothers in this context, and focuses on fathers’ attitudes to


Blogs results (32)
image_picnic_blog_08032017.jpg

Discussions on Germany at European level invariably focus on the country’s strong economic performance and how this relates to the labour market and broader society. This is a narrative I have myself contributed to in a previous blog piece. However, Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

7 Kovas 2018
image_family_grouping_blog_21022018.jpg

The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), carried out by Eurofound every four years, explores a variety of aspects related to living standards, health, family and work–life balance, as well as people's happiness levels, satisfaction with their lives, and their perceptions regarding the quality of

21 Vasaris 2018
image_blog_18012018.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 Sausis 2018
image_blog_20_december_2017.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Manager Anna Ludwinek looks at the substantial section of the population that is not working and does not figure in unemployment statistics, but retains significant employment potential.

20 Gruodis 2017
juan_menedez_valdes_director.jpg

Europe – a world-class place to live and work? ‘A world-class place to live and work.’ That is how President Juncker described Europe at the summit to formally proclaim the EU Pillar of Social Rights in Gothenburg last month. And he added: ‘Europe is more than just a single market, more than money

7 Gruodis 2017
i1ch3f85pjkxawoiq32z.jpg

In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be i

13 Spalis 2017
skcnduoabgbyhisv6ca3.png

Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

6 Birželis 2017
kh959lqrw8ch8kdt3zx1.png

Equality of opportunity and upward social mobility are important aspects of the European social model. Until quite recently concerns about rising inequalities were often countered by assurances about protecting social mobility, and the assertion that an individual’s status is mainly down to their wo

26 Balandis 2017
working_longer.jpg

There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in employmen

26 Rugsėjis 2016
beyond-the-headlines.png

In this blog piece, originally posted on Social Europe, Eurofound Director Juan Menéndez-Valdés looks the complex and multi-faceted story of what it is to live and work in the European Union of today.

13 Birželis 2016

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Spalis 2023
Reference period:

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.