Pereiti į pagrindinį turinį
image_activity4_living_conditions_quality_of_life.png

Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė

Gyvenimo sąlygos ir gyvenimo kokybė yra viena iš šešių pagrindinių EUROFOUND 2021–2024 m. darbo programos veiklos rūšių. EUROFOUND toliau planuos ir analizuos pagrindinius aspektus, susijusius su žmonių gyvenimo sąlygų gerinimu Europoje, įskaitant informaciją apie jų gyvenimo kokybės ir visuomenės suvokimą. Kadangi COVID-19 pandemija ir po to kilusi ekonomikos krizė turėjo didelės įtakos žmonių gyvenimui, EUROFOUND toliau tirs šios krizės poveikį ES piliečiams skirtingais gyvenimo etapais.

2021–2024 m. EUROFOUND tyrimas suteiks svarbių įžvalgų apie uždavinius ir perspektyvas gyvenimo sąlygų ir gyvenimo kokybės srityje ES, taip pat apie įvairių iniciatyvų, skirtų palengvinti įvairių piliečių grupių socialinius sunkumus, reikšmę. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama poveikiui vyresniems žmonėms ir priežiūros poreikiams, jaunimui ir jų socialinei įtraukčiai ir socialiniam judumui, taip pat skirtingoms krizės pasekmėms vyrams ir moterims .

Visoje ES teikiamos viešosios paslaugos atliko svarbią funkciją sprendžiant COVID-19 krizę, bet kartu joms kilo ir didelių sunkumų, ir jos bus vertinamos išsamiau, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant tokiems klausimams, kaip kokybė, pasiekiamumas ir prieinamumas. Kaip parodė ankstesnės išvados, krizė turėjo neproporcingą poveikį tam tikroms grupėms pagal amžių, priežiūros pareigas ir profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą , o EUROFOUND tai toliau analizuos.

Bendradarbiaudamas su Europos lyčių lygybės institutu (EIGE), EUROFOUND ketina ištirti daugialypę lyčių nelygybę, tirdamas COVID-19 krizės poveikį vyrams ir moterims dalyvavimo darbe, materialinių gyvenimo sąlygų ir gerovės prasme, siekiant nustatyti skirtumus ir įvertinti šios krizės poveikį lyčių nelygybei.

Viešųjų paslaugų kokybė buvo labai svarbi formuojant pasitikėjimą institucijomis šiuolaikinėje Europoje ir bus labai svarbi sprendžiant dabartines ir būsimas problemas. Kokybiškos paslaugos taip pat yra inovacijų erdvė, ypač pereinant prie skaitmeninių, aplinką tausojančių paslaugų ir ateityje pasirengiant rizikai, pavyzdžiui, pandemijai.

— Tadas Leončikas, vyresnysis mokslo tyrimų vadovas, socialinės politikos skyrius

Topic

Recent updates

eurofound-talks-23.png

In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast

Pagrindinės politikos gairės

Infografikas

Vadovaudamiesi pagrindinėmis EUROFOUND tyrimų išvadomis politikos formuotojai sprendžia kai kuriuos pagrindinius šios srities klausimus.

  • Visuomenėje jaučiama įtampa labiausiai kenkia pasitikėjimui institucijomis, o suvokiama viešųjų paslaugų kokybė yra pagrindinis veiksnys, skatinantis labiau pasitikėti institucijomis.
  • Reikia daugiau ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugų, užtikrinant didesnį lankstumą. Priežiūra namuose ir pagalba turėtų būti labiau prieinama, ypač tose ES valstybėse narėse, kuriose gaunamos mažiausios pajamos.
  • Galimybė greitai gauti pirminės sveikatos priežiūros, socialinės rūpybos ir ilgalaikės priežiūros paslaugas gali paskatinti ankstyvas intervencijas ir besikeičiančių poreikių stebėjimą bei užkirsti kelią ilgalaikės priežiūros problemų išaugimui.
  • Jaunų žmonių psichikos sveikatos problemos vis didėja, nors neaišku, ar taip yra dėl didesnio sergamumo, ar dėl didesnio sąmoningumo ir diagnozavimo. Psichikos sveikata yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis jaunimo problemomis ir gali būti nelygybės pasekmė ir pačios nelygybės priežastis. Psichikos sveikatos problemų rizikos veiksniai yra neįgalumas ir lėtinės ligos, šeimos problemos, santykių su bendraamžiais problemos ir intensyvus socialinių tinklų naudojimas.
  • Nors pasitikėjimo ir socialinės sanglaudos lygis ES po finansų krizės apskritai atsigavo, COVID-19 atsiradimas padarė didelę įtaką gerovei šalyse, kurias labiausiai paveikė pandemija.
  • Jauni žmonės tampa labiausiai nukentėjusiais nuo izoliavimo – jie ir bedarbiai teigia patiriantys žemiausią gerovės lygį, nors nuo pandemijos pradžios padėtis šiek tiek pagerėjo. Nors nuo 2020 m. balandžio mėn. pasitenkinimas gyvenimu ir optimizmas padidėjo, jaunuoliai ir toliau jaučiasi atskirti nuo visuomenės ir jiems vis dar kyla didžiausias depresijos pavojus, o tai rodo, kad izoliavimo metu taikyti apribojimai jiems daro didesnį poveikį.
  • Toliau kylant koronaviruso bangoms bus labai svarbu imtis priemonių, kuriomis būtų mažinama bedarbių ir jaunimo psichikos sveikatos problemų rizika. Įgyvendinant politikos priemones turi būti teikiama tikslinė parama, kad darbo ieškantys asmenys galėtų atsigauti ir susidoroti su pandemijos poveikiu, taip pat turi būti užtikrinamas jaunimo visapusiškas dalyvavimas visuomenės gyvenime.
  • COVID-19 krizė susilpnino optimizmą ir labiau paveikė moterų nei vyrų profesinio ir asmeninio gyvenimo pusiausvyrą. Šios žalos atitaisymas bus labai svarbus siekiant užtikrinti, kad moterys pandemijos pasekmes pajustų kuo mažiau.
  • Pagrindinis dėmesys krizės laikotarpiu turi būti skiriamas piliečių pasitikėjimo nacionalinėmis ir Europos institucijomis išlaikymui, nes COVID-19 kontrolės priemonių laikymasis labai priklauso nuo pasitikėjimo institucijomis ir mokslinėmis rekomendacijomis lygio. Padidėjęs pasitikėjimas institucijomis, apie kurį pranešė paramos priemonėmis pasinaudoję respondentai, taip pat yra aiški žinia nacionalinėms vyriausybėms ir ES.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

image_event_ep_24012023.png

Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Sausis 2024
Publication
Work programme
ef22024_card_cover.png

Neįperkamas būstas ES kelia didelį susirūpinimą, nes neįperkamumas lemia benamystę, finansinius sunkumus, nesaugų ir netinkamą būstą. Be to, dėl šios priežasties jaunuoliai negali išsikelti iš tėvų namų. Šie sunkumai daro...

30 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Research report
ef23016_card_cover.png

2022-ųjų pradžia buvo kupina atsargaus optimizmo. Europa pamažu ėmė atsigauti po dvejus metus trukusios COVID-19 pandemijos, o "NextGenerationEU" ekonomikos gaivinimo planas numatė stiprios ir tvarios ateities kūrimo priemones. Tačiau metų...

4 Gegužė 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
massimiliano-mascherini-2023.png

Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
sanna-nivakoski-2023.png

Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

Today, foreigners from 175 nations live in Frankfurt and make up one quarter of its population. The proportion with a migration background is 38% of the total population of the city. Frankfurt saw the necessity of integration and diversity policies quite early on and created a Department of

02 June 2009

In this overview, the city of Mataró shows some specific characteristics when compared with other CLIP cities. Mataró is dealing with a large influx of migrants that has developed over the last 10 years; it has to deal with a considerable number of irregular migrants and consequently many immigrants

02 June 2009

Immigration in Finland and in Turku is relatively new. It has been predominantly supply-driven (refugees, returnees and family related migration) and is now gradually changing to more demand-driven migration. Policy reactions – both at the national and local level – have been partial and targeted

02 June 2009

Vienna’s integration policy has traditionally been characterised by efforts to overcome conflicts, the development of municipal strategies for problem areas as well as by the promotion of social integration of foreigners. Innovative measures and ‘integration‘ are firmly established as both

01 June 2009

Because of its flourishing economy, Brescia is one of the Italian cities which has attracted a large number of migrants, especially in the last decade. In the field of employment, people with a migration background are employed by the city only within the office providing services to the migrant

01 June 2009

Turin is one of the Italian cities that has attracted a large number of migrants, especially in the past decade. As is often the case, labour migration has been followed by the settlement of migrant families, and the migrant population has developed significant needs in all spheres of economic and

01 June 2009

Altogether, in Arnsberg, the percentage of people with a migration background is about 15%. As in most German cities, migrant integration has primarily taken place by opening up the core institutions, such as the education system and the labour market, and by including the migrants in the national

01 June 2009

Today, people from over 170 countries live in Stuttgart: a quarter of the population are foreigners, 38% of the population have a migration background. In 2001, the Stuttgart city council adopted a new comprehensive Pact for Integration between the public sector, the private sector and civil society

01 June 2009

Denmark is a welfare state in a rather pronounced form. It has inclusive policies, not only for its citizens but also for all legal residents. Equality and equal treatment are keywords in the political discourse. The city of Copenhagen follows the national model to a great extent, but also deviates

01 June 2009

The city of Terrassa has been confronted with a recent influx of immigrants in the last eight to 10 years, and has started to build up services and to adjust the existing service provision to these new groups. The general assumption is that specific services are only needed to bridge the period

01 June 2009

Online resources results (219)

Gender pay gap still apparent in management posts

In the period 2005–2008, the Research Institute for Labour and Social Affairs (Výzkumný ústav práce a sociálních vĕcí, RILSA [1]) implemented the Gender in management project (in Czech, 1Mb PDF) [2], which analysed the position of women in relation to men in the same management jobs in Czech

New research on call centre industry

A study (1.16Mb PDF) [1] on Malta’s call centre industry was commissioned by the Employment and Training Corporation (ETC [2]) in 2008. The study, which was published in September 2008, is based on information gathered from two main sources: from eight employers involved in the call centre industry

Women satisfied with current division of labour

In the past, the division of labour was absolute: women ruled the house and men ruled the labour market. However, in the 1960s this picture began to change. Women entered the labour market and the traditional male ‘breadwinner’ model changed to a dual earner model. This evolution was distinctive in

Men’s attitudes to sharing parenting tasks

In 2005–2006, *the Bulgarian Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (*Министерство на труда и социалната политика, MLSP [1]) *and the* Gender Project for Bulgaria Foundation [2] conducted a project entitled ‘Men equal, men different’ [3]. It *was* part of a European project under the EU 5th Framework

Recommendations for improving work–life balance

A joint study (in Greek, 490Kb PPT) [1] entitled ‘Models of work-life balance [2] and the demand for gender-based equality of opportunity – Social networks for work–life balance’ was published in December 2007 by the Frederick Research Centre (FRC [3]), the Centre for Social Research and Development

Encouraging men to play a more active role in caring

‘Fostering caring masculinities’ (FOCUS [1]) is the name of a project that seeks to encourage men to play a more active role in caring tasks, challenging the stereotype of caring as a gender-related and undervalued activity in society. The project involves five countries: Germany, Iceland, Norway

Employers agree on need to balance family and work interests

Within the framework of the European Commission’s EQUAL [1] initiative, the project FORWARD! Family and work reconciliation development [2] implemented in Lithuania allowed for a sociological survey to be carried out among employers. The survey aimed to identify employers’ attitudes towards ways of

Work–life balance policies benefit working parents

Work-life balance [1] policies in the workplace are regulated through a mix of collective agreements, legislation and guidelines for good practice in Denmark, with collective agreements often allowing for more extensive entitlements than the law. The various work–life policies include flexible

Low uptake of flexible work arrangements in public administration

Jobs in public administration are considered dependable and rarely involve overtime work. For this reason, employment in such institutions is often deemed as the ideal choice for parents in the Czech Republic. However, a questionnaire-based survey has revealed that the use of flexible working

Workers rate training provision and good working environment most important

In December 2007, the temporary work agency Adecco [1] presented the results of a survey on the main preferences of Spanish workers in relation to their working and employment conditions. The Adecco survey, entitled ‘What would you ask your company at Christmas time?’ (¿Qué le pedirías a tu empresa


Blogs results (32)
image_picnic_blog_08032017.jpg

Discussions on Germany at European level invariably focus on the country’s strong economic performance and how this relates to the labour market and broader society. This is a narrative I have myself contributed to in a previous blog piece. However, Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS)

7 Kovas 2018
image_family_grouping_blog_21022018.jpg

The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS), carried out by Eurofound every four years, explores a variety of aspects related to living standards, health, family and work–life balance, as well as people's happiness levels, satisfaction with their lives, and their perceptions regarding the quality of

21 Vasaris 2018
image_blog_18012018.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 Sausis 2018
image_blog_20_december_2017.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Manager Anna Ludwinek looks at the substantial section of the population that is not working and does not figure in unemployment statistics, but retains significant employment potential.

20 Gruodis 2017
juan_menedez_valdes_director.jpg

Europe – a world-class place to live and work? ‘A world-class place to live and work.’ That is how President Juncker described Europe at the summit to formally proclaim the EU Pillar of Social Rights in Gothenburg last month. And he added: ‘Europe is more than just a single market, more than money

7 Gruodis 2017
i1ch3f85pjkxawoiq32z.jpg

In-work poverty increased during the economic and financial crisis that hit European shores in 2008. By 2014, ten per cent of European workers were at risk of poverty, up from eight per cent in 2007. Ten per cent is a significant figure: the working poor represent a substantial group that can’t be i

13 Spalis 2017
skcnduoabgbyhisv6ca3.png

Average unemployment rates continue to fall across Europe, employment is growing again in middle-paying jobs, offshoring is on the decline, the proportion of routine jobs is falling, and efforts to make work more sustainable have borne fruit.

6 Birželis 2017
kh959lqrw8ch8kdt3zx1.png

Equality of opportunity and upward social mobility are important aspects of the European social model. Until quite recently concerns about rising inequalities were often countered by assurances about protecting social mobility, and the assertion that an individual’s status is mainly down to their wo

26 Balandis 2017
working_longer.jpg

There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in employmen

26 Rugsėjis 2016
beyond-the-headlines.png

In this blog piece, originally posted on Social Europe, Eurofound Director Juan Menéndez-Valdés looks the complex and multi-faceted story of what it is to live and work in the European Union of today.

13 Birželis 2016

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 Spalis 2023
Reference period:

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.