Pārlekt uz galveno saturu
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Sociālais dialogs

Sociālo dialogu var definēt kā sarunas, konsultācijas, kopīgu rīcību, diskusijas un informācijas apmaiņu, kurā piedalās darba devēji un darba ņēmēji. Labi funkcionējošs sociālais dialogs, kurā iesaistīti daudzi dažādu līmeņu dalībnieki, ir viens no galvenajiem darba apstākļu veidošanas līdzekļiem. Tas līdzsvaro darbinieku un darba devēju intereses un veicina gan ekonomikas konkurētspēju, gan sociālo kohēziju.

Nesen notikušajās ES līmeņa politiskajās debatēs uzsvērts, ka jo īpaši kopš 2008. gada krīzes izveidojušās jaunās debates par sociālo taisnīgumu, demokrātiju, darba kvalitāti un jauniem darba attiecību modeļiem ir likušas apšaubīt tradicionālos sociālo partneru attiecību veidus un sociālā dialoga sistēmas.

Trīsdesmit gadus pēc Eiropas sociālā dialoga vēsturiskajiem pirmsākumiem Val Duchesse pilī Briselē Komisija augsta līmeņa konferencē "Jauns sākums sociālajam dialogam", kura notika 2015. gada 5. martā un kurā piedalījās sociālo partneru organizācijas no visas Eiropas, ir paziņojusi par procesa atjaunošanu. Eiropas sociālais dialogs ir ES sociālās politikas instruments, kas tieši palīdz veidot ES darba tiesību aktus un politiku.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Eurofound darbs

Politikas veidotājiem vajag pārliecinošus pierādījumus, lai izprastu darba tirgū notiekošās pārmaiņas un reaģētu uz sociālo partneru attiecību mainīgo dinamiku Eiropā. Eurofound izmanto sava korespondentu tīkla 28 ES dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā savāktos datus un analīzi, lai kartētu tendences un modeļus un izceltu labi funkcionējoša sociālā dialoga piemērus Eiropas un valstu līmenī.

Eurofound pētījumos tiek analizēti tādi aspekti kā darbinieku līdzdalība, kolektīvās sarunas, darbinieku pārstāvība un sociālo partneru attiecības visos līmeņos. Tajos tiek izvērtēts, cik lielā mērā sociālo partneru attiecības ir pielāgojušās, ņemot vērā daudznacionālu organizāciju parādīšanos. Pētījumos tiek izmantota arī globāla perspektīva, salīdzinot sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmas un rezultātus ekonomikās ārpus ES, piemēram, ASV un Japānā.

Svarīgākais ieguldījums

Eurofound 40 gadu laikā ir publicējis daudz materiālu, kuros ir kartēti daudzie un mainīgie aspekti, kas raksturo sociālo dialogu Eiropā dažādos līmeņos – uzņēmumu, valstu, Eiropas un starptautiskā līmenī.

Pēdējos gados Eurofound ir veicis padziļinātu analīzi par daudziem sociālā dialoga kontekstā svarīgiem jautājumiem, piemēram: 

Eurofound reprezentativitātes pētījumi, kas saskaņā ar 2006. gadā saņemto Komisijas pilnvarojumu tiek veikti daudzās jomās, nodrošina Eiropas nozaru sociālā dialoga komiteju izveidei un darbībai vajadzīgo pamatinformāciju.

Resursi

Eiropas sociālo partneru attiecību vārdnīca, kas 2005. gadā tika izveidota kā tiešsaistes atsauces līdzeklis politikas veidotāju un praktizējošu speciālistu vajadzībām, ir vērtīga krātuve, kurā pieejama informācija par nodarbinātību un sociālo partneru attiecībām ES. Darba dzīves valstu profili sniedz svarīgu kontekstuālu informāciju par darba dzīves pamatā esošajām struktūrām, institūcijām un noteikumiem 28 ES dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā, kā arī ES līmenī.

Datubāzes par darba samaksas noteikšanas sarunām un algām, darba laiku un kolektīvajiem strīdiem ir izveidotas, lai nodrošinātu pētniekiem un politikas veidotājiem kvantitatīvu un kvalitatīvu informāciju par šiem tematiem visās dalībvalstīs un Norvēģijā no 2000. gada līdz mūsdienām.

Key outputs

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Pēdējos gados ES dalībvalstīs ir vērojama vispārēja protesta akciju samazināšanās, ja neskaita dažus neregulārus kāpumus. Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā šī tendence ir turpinājusies, un nav pārsteigums, ka nozīmīgākie darba strīdi notiek...

7 Februāris 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marts 2021
Publication
Other
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Pildot savu pienākumu veicināt dialogu starp darba devējiem un darba ņēmējiem, Eurofound ir uzraudzījis un analizējis norises sociālo partneru attiecību sistēmās ES līmenī un ES dalībvalstīs vairāk nekā 40 gadu...

11 Decembris 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

This study provides information designed to aid sectoral social dialogue in the graphical industry. The study is divided into three parts: a summary of the sector’s economic and employment background; an analysis of the relevant social partner organisations in all EU Member States, including their

18 January 2016

This report studies practices in EU establishments for direct and indirect employee participation in decision-making. Indirect employee participation is the involvement of employee representatives in decision-making processes, while direct employee participation describes direct interaction between

14 December 2015

Collective bargaining systems in the EU have undergone a steady change since the end of the 1990s. But as businesses across Europe struggle to respond to intensifying global competition, pressure from employers for greater flexibility in collective bargaining is increasing, especially since the 2008

04 November 2015

Since the beginning of 2015 a number of major collective agreements at national, sectoral and cross-sectoral level have been renewed, renegotiated, or under discussion. Several of the examples presented here are from the countries that have been hit hardest during the crisis and/or in which

28 October 2015

The need to reform pension systems is one of the key challenges for social policymakers in Europe. This article provides an update of how the EU 28 and Norway are tackling this issue in the face of demographic change, focusing in particular on the involvement of the social partners and governments.

02 October 2015

Social dialogue is a key part of the European social model, with European social dialogue having been launched at the historic Val Duchesse meeting 30 years ago. However, since then, established approaches to social dialogue in Europe have been challenged by industrial and social change.

29 September 2015

This study provides information designed to aid the functioning of sectoral social dialogue in the construction sector. The study is divided into three parts: a summary of the sector’s economic background; an analysis of the social partner organisations in all EU Member States (apart from Croatia)

23 September 2015

European Works Councils (EWCs) provide an important vehicle for transnational information and consultation in multinational companies. This report explores the efforts of 10 EWCs to make these bodies optimally fit for purpose for European company level social dialogue. Looking at the developments in

10 June 2015

This article synopsises the development of European social dialogue and then discusses some ideas that might guide the European institutions and the social partners as social dialogue within in the EU is relaunched, such as more autonomy for the social partners, better links between EU and national

11 May 2015

This study provides information designed to aid sectoral social dialogue in the road transport and logistics sector. The study is divided into three parts: a brief overview of sector’s economic and employment background; an analysis of the relevant social partner organisations in all the EU Member

10 April 2015

Online resources results (435)

Tripartite agreement reached on content of new labour market reform

On the basis of a document released in August 1998 (DK9809177F [1]), which set out possible adjustments to present Danish labour market policy, tripartite talks began on 17 September 1998 and an agreement - entitled a "joint conclusions paper" (fælles konklusionspapir [2]) - was reached by the

Employment Contracts Act reform runs into difficulties

A tripartite committee with the task of reforming Finland's Employment Contracts Act did not succeed in making a proposal to the Government in autumn 1998, despite several deadline extensions. One aspect of the reform that has aroused disagreement will now be dealt with by state officials, which may

Widening the options: aims of the autumn pay round

On 21 September 1998, the annual autumn pay round officially opened in Austria. It covers blue-collar workers (wage earners) in the metalworking, mining and energy sectors and white-collar workers (salary earners) in these sectors as well as in chemicals, paper making and processing, glass, food

Wage standard is main point of controversy in forthcoming intersectoral negotiations

In the early 1990s, the Belgian government of the time enacted a law on competitiveness. This law stated that pay increases agreed through collective bargaining must be limited to the so-called "wage standard" (or pay guidelines). This standard shows how much nominal wages may increase over two

Third reform of labour market policy is underway

As a consequence of the high level of unemployment at the beginning of the decade and the record low unemployment rate at the end of it, Danish labour market policy has been adjusted several times during the 1990s, first in 1994 and later in 1996.

Working time and employment: the balance sheet so far

Since autumn 1997, the reduction of working time as a means of creating employment has increasingly featured as a theme in Spanish industrial relations. The trade unions have begun to ensure that this issue is introduced on to the bargaining agenda at all levels, though by summer 1998 there have

The European social dialogue in commerce: an expanding agenda

The commerce sector currently employs approximately 22.5 million workers and thus accounts for over 16% of employment in the European Union. Just over 65% of this employment is in retailing and approximately 35% in wholesaling. In retailing in particular, there is a predominance of young and female

Euro-FIET adopts resolution on achievement of Social Europe

A resolution on Achieving a Social Europe through the social dialogue and European Works Councils [1] was adopted by the European Regional Organisation of the International Federation of Commercial, Clerical, Professional and Technical Employees (Euro-FIET), at its eighth annual conference held in

Collective bargaining in 1997 examined

In June 1998, France's tripartite National Commission for Collective Bargaining reviewed the Ministry for Employment and Solidarity's report on the state of collective bargaining during 1997. The report highlights stability in intersectoral bargaining, a noticeable loss of impetus in sectoral

Debate over mandating employees to conclude collective agreements

The May 1998 legislation introducing the statutory 35-hour working week in France has given a new emphasis to the "mandating" procedure in collective bargaining. This mechanism, which allows a trade union to appoint an employee to negotiate and sign agreements in companies with no union delegates


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembris 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Jūnijs 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Oktobris 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Marts 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Oktobris 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Aprīlis 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

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