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Levensomstandigheden en kwaliteit van het bestaan

Levensomstandigheden en de kwaliteit van het bestaan zijn een van de zes hoofdactiviteiten van het werkprogramma van Eurofound voor de periode 2021-2024. Eurofound zal de belangrijkste aspecten van de verbetering van de levensomstandigheden van de mensen in Europa in kaart blijven brengen en analyseren, met inbegrip van informatie over hun perceptie van de samenleving en de kwaliteit van het bestaan. Aangezien de COVID-19 -pandemie en de daaruit voortvloeiende economische crisis grote gevolgen hebben (gehad) voor ieders leven, zal Eurofound de gevolgen van deze crisis voor EU-burgers in verschillende levensfasen nader onderzoeken.

In de periode 2021-2024 zal het onderzoek van Eurofound een belangrijk inzicht verschaffen in de uitdagingen en vooruitzichten op het gebied van levensomstandigheden en de kwaliteit van het bestaan in de EU en de rol van diverse initiatieven om de sociale problemen van verschillende groepen burgers te verlichten. Van bijzonder belang zijn de gevolgen voor ouderen en zorgbehoeften, jongeren en hun sociale inclusie en sociale mobiliteit, en de – niet parallel lopende – gevolgen van de crisis voor mannen en vrouwen .

Openbare diensten in de hele EU spelen een belangrijke rol bij de aanpak van de COVID-19-crisis waarbij zij met grote uitdagingen worden geconfronteerd, en zij zullen uitvoeriger worden beoordeeld met bijzondere aandacht voor kwesties als kwaliteit, toegang en betaalbaarheid. Zoals uit eerdere bevindingen is gebleken, heeft de crisis onevenredige gevolgen (gehad) voor bepaalde groepen al naargelang leeftijd, zorgtaken en evenwicht tussen werk en privéleven , wat door Eurofound nader zal worden geanalyseerd.

In samenwerking met het Europees Instituut voor gendergelijkheid (EIGE) is Eurofound voornemens de multidimensionale genderkloof onder de loep te nemen door onderzoek te doen naar de gevolgen van de COVID-19-crisis voor mannen en vrouwen op het gebied van arbeidsparticipatie, materiële levensomstandigheden en welzijn – om de verschillen in kaart te brengen en het effect van die crisis op de verschillende vormen van de genderkloof te beoordelen.

De kwaliteit van de openbare diensten is van cruciaal belang geweest voor het opbouwen van vertrouwen in de instellingen in het hedendaagse Europa en zal van cruciaal belang zijn om de huidige en toekomstige uitdagingen aan te gaan. Kwaliteitsdiensten moeten ook steeds gelijke tred houden met de ontwikkelingen, met name wat betreft de overgang naar digitale, milieuvriendelijkere diensten en in de toekomst voorbereid zijn op risico’s zoals de pandemie.

— Tadas Leončikas, senior onderzoeksmanager, eenheid Sociaal Beleid

Topic

Recent updates

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In this episode of Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Eszter Sandor and Massimiliano Mascherini about the situation for young people in Europe.

Podcast
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During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it...

21 mei 2024
Publication
Research report

Belangrijke beleidsboodschappen

Infographic

De belangrijkste bevindingen van het onderzoek van Eurofound dienen als input voor beleidsmakers om een aantal van de belangrijkste kwesties op dit gebied aan te pakken.

  • De perceptie van spanningen in de samenleving heeft de grootste schadelijke impact op het vertrouwen in instellingen. De kwaliteit van openbare diensten is een belangrijke drijvende kracht voor het vergroten van het vertrouwen in instellingen.
  • Er is niet alleen behoefte aan meer, maar ook aan flexibelere langdurige zorg. De beschikbaarheid van thuiszorg en -ondersteuning moet worden verbeterd, met name in de EU-lidstaten met de laagste inkomens.
  • Aangezien snelle toegang tot eerstelijnsgezondheidszorg, sociale zorg en langdurige zorg als voordeel heeft dat vroegtijdig kan worden ingegrepen en veranderende behoeften in kaart kunnen worden gebracht, kan voorkomen worden dat problemen op het vlak van langdurige zorg erger worden.
  • De geestelijke-gezondheidsproblemen van jongeren nemen toe, maar het is niet duidelijk of dit een kwestie is van een inderdaad hogere incidentie, of dat dit komt door betere diagnose en een toegenomen bewustzijn van deze problematiek. Geestelijke gezondheid hangt nauw samen met andere problemen van jongeren en kan zowel oorzaak als gevolg zijn van ongelijkheid. Risicofactoren voor de geestelijke gezondheid zijn onder meer handicaps en langdurige ziekte, gezinsproblemen, (relatie)problemen met leeftijdsgenoten en intensief gebruik van sociale media.
  • Hoewel het vertrouwen en de sociale cohesie in de EU zich sinds de financiële crisis in grote lijnen hebben hersteld, heeft de uitbraak van COVID-19 aanzienlijke gevolgen gehad voor het welzijn in de landen die het hardst door de pandemie zijn getroffen.
  • Jongeren komen naar voren als een van de grootste verliezers van de lockdown: samen met werklozen geven zij de laagste score aan hun welzijn, hoewel er sinds het begin van de pandemie sprake is van enige verbetering. Hoewel de algemene tevredenheid en het optimisme sinds april 2020 zijn toegenomen, voelen jongeren zich nog steeds uitgesloten van de maatschappij en lopen zij nog steeds het grootste risico op depressie, waaruit blijkt dat zij grotere nadelen ondervinden van de beperkingen tijdens de lockdown.
  • Maatregelen om de risico’s voor de geestelijke gezondheid van werklozen en jongeren als gevolg van COVID-19 te beperken, zijn van cruciaal belang als zich nog meer golven van het coronavirus gaan voordoen. Bestaande beleidsmaatregelen moeten gerichte steun omvatten om werkzoekenden weer op weg te helpen zodat ze het hoofd kunnen bieden aan de gevolgen van de pandemie, en ervoor zorgen dat jongeren volledig aan de samenleving kunnen deelnemen.
  • De COVID-19-crisis heeft het optimisme uitgehold en het evenwicht tussen werk en privéleven voor vrouwen meer aangetast dan voor mannen. Alleen door deze schade te herstellen, kan worden gewaarborgd dat vrouwen niet onevenredig voor de pandemie betalen.
  • Ervoor zorgen dat burgers vertrouwen houden in nationale en Europese instellingen moet in tijden van crisis centraal staan, omdat de naleving van maatregelen om COVID-19 tegen te gaan in hoge mate afhangt van de mate van vertrouwen in instellingen en wetenschappelijk advies. De toename van vertrouwen in de overheid waarvan melding wordt gemaakt door respondenten die hebben geprofiteerd van ondersteuningsmaatregelen, vormt tevens een duidelijke boodschap aan de nationale overheden en de EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 januari 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Onbetaalbare huisvesting is een punt van grote zorg in de EU. Gebrek aan betaalbare woningen leidt tot dakloosheid, woononzekerheid, financiële druk en ontoereikende huisvesting. Ook ontneemt het jongeren de mogelijkheid...

30 mei 2023
Publication
Research report
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Het jaar 2022 begon met voorzichtig optimisme. Europa was na twee jaar COVID-19-pandemie weer aan het opkrabbelen met het herstelplan NextGenerationEU, dat moet helpen bouwen aan een sterke en duurzame...

4 mei 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
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Sanna Nivakoski is a research officer in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. Before joining Eurofound in 2021, she worked as a post-doctoral researcher at University College...

Research officer,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (308)

This paper is one in a series on EU enlargement countries covered by the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) 2012: Croatia, Iceland, Kosovo, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. One way of measuring a society’s progress is by assessing the subjective well

01 September 2013

This report highlights the key challenges facing the EU10 as a result of the high number of health professionals leaving to work abroad, focusing on specific problems and identifying topics for further research. A thorough analysis of the consequences is critical, since it appears the inflow of

21 July 2013

Croatia became the 28th Member State of the European Union on 1 July 2013. Eurofound gathers information on living and working conditions across Europe in order to provide knowledge to assist in the development of social and work-related policies. This fact sheet presents information about Croatia

11 July 2013

Lithuania became a Member State of the European Union in 2004 and took up the Presidency of the Council of the European Union on 1 July 2013. It is the largest of the three Baltic states, with a population of three million. Eurofound gathers information on living and working conditions across Europe

08 July 2013

This report briefly summarises the policy relevant experiences of the CLIP network (cities for local integration policy) of more than 35 European cities in 22 countries over a period of five years from 2006 to 2010. CLIP was founded with the objective of improving local integration policy for

06 May 2013

This issue of Foundation Focus looks at the state of play of the European labour market and what governments, social partners and companies are doing to overcome the crisis. Over the last few years, many jobs have been lost, and mass unemployment has become the reality in some Member States

19 March 2013

The influence of parenting on the well-being and future opportunities of children is widely acknowledged, but it is only recently that parenting support and education have come to be viewed as a social investment that contributes towards reducing parental stress and helping parents to manage their

03 March 2013

Eurofound gathers information on living and working conditions across Europe in order to provide knowledge to assist in the development of social and work-related policies. This fact sheet presents information about Ireland drawn from two of Eurofound’s major research undertakings, the European

01 January 2013

What determines life satisfaction and happiness? How do we value our social situation and immediate surroundings? How has this changed with the economic crisis? For the third wave of the European Quality of Life survey, 35,500 Europeans in all EU Member States were interviewed, in an effort to gain

27 November 2012

Online resources results (219)

Challenges of achieving a work-life balance in Spain

The report Informe España 2004 [1] (2004 Report for Spain) was published by the Fundación Encuentro [2] in May 2004. An annual publication since 1993, the report provides a series of analyses on social, economic and political issues in Spain. The 2004 report devotes a chapter to the balance of work

New working time model involves change of culture

A research project into German ‘working time on trust’ arrangements, funded by the Hans-Böckler Foundation [1]/,/ examines experiences of these voluntary schemes at company level. The project focuses on how this personal time scheduling system can contribute positively to quality of work and worker

Low uptake of working time accounts

A recent study on flexible working time arrangements offers an insight into how companies manage working hours and how employees juggle their time in order to balance the demands of career and private life.

Job autonomy varies with income and qualifications

Employees with the highest skills, best qualifications and highest incomes enjoy the highest levels of job autonomy in working life. Unskilled workers and low-income employees are the least favoured in this regard. The study, Degrees of job autonomy [1], /(pdf file -/ in Danish, /Dimensioner af

Social security contributions, wages and labour market feature in run-up to central bargaining

With negotiations over a new intersectoral agreement due later in the year, the debate in Belgium in spring 2002 has focused on social security contributions, the growth of wage costs and labour market participation. On the first point, the federal government has in recent years taken measures to

Ver.di seeks to give prostitutes a voice

In January 2002, the Unified Service Sector Union (Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft, ver.di) announced a new plan to support sex industry workers. While it has been estimated that some 400,000 prostitutes work in Germany, offering their services a total of 1.2 million times a day, trade union

Equality is Qualityawards recognise good practice

In January 2002, the winners of Portugal's annual 'Equality is Quality' prize, awarded by the tripartite Commission for Equality in Work and Employment, were announced. The prize is designed to reward good practices by employers in promoting equality of opportunity for women and men. In 2002, the

Government initiatives spark major confrontation with trade unions

Between November and December 2001, the Italian government launched three important reform initiatives in the fields of labour market institutions, the pension system and the tax system. The Cgil, Cisl and Uil trade union confederations sharply criticised the government's action, both because of the

MEDEF makes proposals for social protection reform

In November 2001, France's MEDEF employers' confederation issued proposals for the reform of the social protection system. They clearly reflect the organisation's desire to separate employment-related social protection from those aspects of welfare that have been extended to the whole population

Unions and employers set out demands for public sector bargaining round

In the spring of 2002, the employers' organisations and trade unions in the Danish public sector will renegotiate the current three-year collective agreements concluded in 1999 (DK9903114F [1]). If the social partners conclude two-year agreements, the public sector bargaining cycle will again be in


Blogs results (32)
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Austerity measures introduced during the crisis have disproportionately concerned cuts in the measures that are most vital for reducing child poverty: cash and tax benefits, a new Eurofound report shows. Furthermore, there has been a move away from universal coverage towards more targeted support. O

3 februari 2016
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Eurofound has been doing extensive work on the issues of mobility and migration. This blog gives a brief overview of the different aspects of EU mobile workers, posted workers and third-country migration, as well as a preview of our upcoming research.

11 december 2015

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report analyses data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS), the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey and official statistics to examine employment trends, working conditions and social inclusion challenges experienced by young people in the Western Balkans (Alba

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024
Data results (1)
24 oktober 2023
Reference period:

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