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Dialogul social

Dialogul social poate fi definit ca demersul alcătuit din negocieri, consultări, acțiuni comune, discuții și schimb de informații care implică angajatori și lucrători. Un dialog social funcțional este un instrument-cheie în modelarea condițiilor de muncă, implicând o varietate de actori de la diferite niveluri. Dialogul social asigură echilibrul dintre interesele lucrătorilor și ale angajatorilor și contribuie atât la competitivitatea economică, cât și la coeziunea socială.

Dezbaterile politice recente de la nivelul UE au reliefat faptul că, în special după criza din 2008, au apărut noi teme de discuție privind justiția socială, democrația, calitatea muncii și noile modele de relații de muncă, care contracarează supremația relațiilor de muncă și a sistemelor de dialog social de tip tradițional.

La 30 de ani de la inaugurarea istorică a dialogului social european la Val Duchesse din Bruxelles, Comisia a relansat procesul unui nou început al dialogului social, în cadrul unui eveniment la nivel înalt care a reunit organizații ale partenerilor sociali din întreaga Europă, la 5 martie 2015. Dialogul social european constituie un instrument al politicii sociale a UE, care contribuie direct la modelarea legislației și a politicilor UE în domeniul muncii.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Activitatea Eurofound

Factorii de decizie au nevoie de dovezi solide pentru a înțelege schimbările care au loc pe piața muncii și a putea reacționa în fața dinamicii în schimbare a relațiilor de muncă din Europa. Pentru a cartografia tendințele și tiparele și pentru a pune în evidență exemple de dialog social funcțional atât la nivel european, cât și la nivel național, Eurofound utilizează date și analize provenite din rețeaua sa de corespondenți din cele 28 de state membre ale UE și din Norvegia.

Cercetările efectuate de Eurofound analizează aspecte ca: participarea lucrătorilor, negocierea colectivă, reprezentarea angajaților și relațiile de muncă de la toate nivelurile. Eurofound examinează măsura în care relațiile de muncă s-au adaptat în fața apariției organizațiilor multinaționale. De asemenea, este nevoie de o perspectivă globală, care să compare sistemele de relații de muncă și rezultatele obținute în cadrul unor sisteme economice din afara UE, precum SUA și Japonia.

Principalele contribuții

Pe parcursul a peste 40 de ani, Eurofound a realizat un volum mare de lucrări care au evidențiat aspecte numeroase și în schimbare ale dialogului social din Europa, la diverse niveluri: la nivel de întreprindere, la nivel național, european și internațional.

În ultimii ani, Eurofound a efectuat analize aprofundate ale diverselor teme aflate în centrul dialogului social, cum ar fi: 

Studiile privind reprezentativitatea realizate de Eurofound în mai multe sectoare, în baza unui mandat primit din partea Comisiei în 2006, furnizează informațiile de bază necesare pentru înființarea și funcționarea comitetelor de dialog social sectorial european.

Resurse

Elaborat în 2005 ca instrument de referință online pentru factori de decizie și practicieni, dicționarul relațiilor de muncă europene constituie un depozit valoros de informații privind ocuparea forței de muncă și relațiile de muncă în UE. Profilurile de țară cu privire la viața profesională oferă informații contextuale relevante referitoare la structurile, instituțiile și reglementările care stau la baza vieții profesionale în statele membre ale UE-28 și în Norvegia, precum și la nivelul UE.

Bazele de date privind negocierea colectivă a salariilor și salariile, timpul de lucru și litigiile colective urmăresc să le ofere cercetătorilor și factorilor de decizie informații cantitative și calitative despre aceste subiecte, din toate statele membre și din Norvegia, începând din 2000 până în prezent.

Key outputs

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În ultimii ani, cu excepția câtorva creșteri intermitente, a existat în general o scădere a acțiunilor sindicale în statele membre. În timpul pandemiei de COVID-19, această tendință a continuat, iar...

7 Februarie 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Martie 2021
Publication
Other
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Ca parte a mandatului său de promovare a dialogului între partenerii sociali, Eurofound monitorizează și analizează evoluțiile sistemelor de relații de muncă la nivelul UE și în statele membre ale...

11 Decembrie 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

The study looks at the articulation and the complex multi-level links between European and national levels of social dialogue. It examines the factors that facilitate as well as those that hinder the successful engagement of national social partners and their ability to promote their own interests

13 July 2018

The latest European Semester cycle, covering the period 2016–2017, has highlighted a range of issues regarding the quality of involvement by the social partners in the elaboration of the 2017 National Reform Programme (NRP), as well as in the implementation of the country-specific recommendations

06 March 2018

Eurofound’s 2016 report Mapping key dimensions of industrial relations identified four key dimensions of industrial relations: industrial democracy, industrial competitiveness, social justice, and quality of work and employment. This report builds upon that earlier study, developing a dashboard of

29 January 2018

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for central government administration. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national

17 November 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the tanning and leather sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in

07 November 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the footwear industry. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected

19 October 2017

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the EU and Norway.

25 September 2017

Innovation is an important driver of improved competitiveness, productivity and growth potential. This report explores which workplace practices have the strongest links to innovative company behaviour, looking at innovation in the form of new or significantly changed products or processes, new or

22 June 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in railways and urban public transport. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

03 April 2017

This report provides an update on the role of national social partners in the European Semester process over the period 2015–2016, describing the main developments and changes compared with a previous Eurofound study on their involvement during the period 2011–2014.

24 February 2017

Online resources results (435)

New national agreement on continuing training

At the end of 1996, the major trade unions and employers' associations signed the Second National Agreement on Continuing Training (II Acuerdo Nacional de Formación Continua), which was later endorsed by a tripartite agreement between these organisations and the Government. The new agreements build

Apparent breakdown of Belgian central bargaining

For the first time since 1960, the Belgian social partners have failed to reach an intersectoral pay agreement and have instead accepted government imposition of measures on employment and maximum pay increases. This development runs counter to all traditions of free collective bargaining and the

Employers and unions adopt positions on labour market reform

Employers and unions want to reduce the amount of temporary recruitment and the number of types of employment contract. They also want to increase their freedom to negotiate labour market issues through collective bargaining. These are the key issues in the current debate over a new round of labour

The 1997 bargaining round previewed

The majority of Norwegian wage agreements are of two years' duration, and the current settlements will expire during 1998. However, issues relating to remuneration will be renegotiated at central level in 1997. Most of the agreements between LO (the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions or

Unemployment as the focus for collective bargaining at national level

In recent years pressure has mounted on all parties involved to rethink and revise the traditional policies and practices of Greek industrial relations as well as to promote social dialogue between employers and employees. As a result of changing conditions, some believe that a new era in industrial


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Noiembrie 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Iunie 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Octombrie 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Martie 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Octombrie 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Aprilie 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

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