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Odnosi med delodajalci in delojemalci

Sindikati, organizacije delodajalcev in javni organi imajo pomembno vlogo pri upravljanju delovnih razmerij. So tesno povezani deli sistema, ki deluje na evropski, nacionalni, panožni in regionalni ravni ter na ravni podjetja. V okviru sistemov odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci se v zadnjih letih zaradi razvoja tehnologije in oblik dela v stalno spreminjajočem se gospodarskem okolju pojavljajo številni izzivi.

Evropska komisija je zato leta 2015 predstavila „nov začetek“ za evropski socialni dialog. V skupni izjavi iz junija 2016 so Komisija, Svet Evropske unije in socialni partnerji poudarili temeljno vlogo evropskega socialnega dialoga, ki pomembno prispeva k oblikovanju zaposlitvenih in socialnih politik EU.

Topic

Recent updates

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This 2024 annual review of minimum wages provides a synopsis of minimum wage setting during 2023 in the EU27 and Norway. It reports in detail on the processes and outcomes...

26 Junij 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Eurofoundovo delo

Eurofound se je v 40 letih delovanja razvil v ključno središče strokovnega znanja za spremljanje in analiziranje usmeritev na področju odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci. To vključuje povezave med socialnim dialogom na evropski in nacionalni ravni. Na podlagi znanja svoje mreže evropskih korespondentov iz 28 držav članic EU in Norveške beleži razvoj dogodkov v vseh državah članicah in EU kot celoti. 

Ključni prispevki

Eurofound pripravlja različne primerjalne analize, članke in študije primerov za države EU-28 in Norveško na področju odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci ter redno posodablja podatkovne zbirke o povezanih temah.

V nedavni raziskavi so opredeljeni in obravnavani ključni vidiki in kazalniki, pomembni za sisteme odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci v 21. stoletju v Evropi. V drugi veji raziskav se preučuje, kako so socialni partnerji v EU in na Norveškem raziskali nove teme, orodja in inovativne pristope, da bi se odzvali na številne nove politične, pravne in socialne izzive, ki so nastali v zadnjih letih.

Plača in delovni čas ostajata pomembni področji, ki ju je treba vsako leto pregledati. En vidik nedavne posodobitve področja plač je osredotočen na ravni zakonsko določene minimalne plače v EU, v nekem drugem poglavju pa je glavna pozornost namenjena kolektivnim pogajanjem o plačah.

Eurofound od leta 2006 na zahtevo Evropske komisije opravlja študije o reprezentativnosti evropskih panožnih organizacij socialnih partnerjev.

Viri

Poročanje o razvoju dogodkov v zvezi z delovnim življenjem

Eurofound s spremljanjem in orodji za poročanje zagotavlja sistematične in primerljive podatke o nacionalnih sistemih odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci ter razvoju dogodkov v zvezi s poklicnim življenjem, in sicer ob upoštevanju prispevkov svoje mreže evropskih korespondentov iz 28 držav članic in Norveške.

 

Key outputs

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This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level...

24 Oktober 2023
Publication
Research report
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Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih...

29 Junij 2023
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

Other ongoing work

    • Social dialogue in companies, particularly linkages that can be drawn between national and EU level, to better understand of cooperation mechanisms used in decision-making and implementation in multinational companies
    • Exploration of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement
    • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue
    • A flagship report on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
    • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations
    • Highlights of recent developments of selected features of working life in so called topical updates, with one featuring statutory minimum wages
    • Updated time series in EurWORK database of wages, working time and collective disputes
    • Updated time series and update on developments in collectively agreed pay
    • Exploring the feasibility for an Industrial Action Monitor

    Eurofound expert(s)

    ricardo-rodriguez-contreras-2023.png

    Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

    Research manager,
    Working life research unit
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    Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

    Research officer,
    Working life research unit
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    Victoria Cojocariu is a research support officer for the representativeness studies in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for the management of the research...

    Research support officer,
    Working life research unit
    Publications results (517)

    Previous Eurofound research has identified four key dimensions of industrial relations: industrial democracy, industrial competitiveness, social justice, and quality of work and employment. This report seeks to build a set of indicators to measure country performance in industrial relations in terms

    21 December 2018

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the contract catering sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

    13 December 2018

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the hotels, restaurants and café (HORECA) sector.

    13 December 2018

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the commerce sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    30 November 2018

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the inland water transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective

    29 November 2018

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the steel sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    15 November 2018

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the metal sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    15 November 2018

    Annual review of working life 2017 is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the EU and Norway. The annual review collates information based on reports from Eurofound’s

    22 October 2018

    This report examines the development of collectively agreed pay in conjunction with the development of actual compensation (‘wages’) and labour productivity in real terms. It applies both a longer-term perspective (the early 2000s to 2017) and a short-term perspective, with a focus on the outcomes

    10 October 2018

    The study looks at the articulation and the complex multi-level links between European and national levels of social dialogue. It examines the factors that facilitate as well as those that hinder the successful engagement of national social partners and their ability to promote their own interests

    13 July 2018

    Online resources results (1688)

    Italy: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    Measures to amend and implement the Jobs Act, national-level tripartite and bipartite agreements, and progress in negotiations to renew national collective bargaining agreements covering public employees are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

    Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    Competition between unions, the launch of a substitute for collective agreements, laws on asylum seekers’ residence permits, employers’ responsibility for sick pay, and a pilots’ strike are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

    Lithuania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    The debate on the controversial new Labour Code, the opening of an information centre for posted and migrant workers, and the rise in the minimum monthly wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Lithuania in the

    Denmark: Siemens case sparks debate on working environment

    Since May 2016 a lot of political attention has been drawn to the so-called Siemens Case when 64 cases of occupational diseases were identified in a working place awarded for its excellence in occupational health and safety efforts.

    Czech Republic: Survey points to rise in collective agreements on commitment to raise wages

    According to the 2015 Information on Working Conditions survey, there has been a significant increase in the number of collective agreements in the Czech Republic containing commitments on overall wage increases and commitments to increase salary tariff. However, the number of agreements dealing

    Lithuania: Launch of Information Centre for posted and migrant workers

    On 21 April 2016, the first Information Centre in Europe for posted and migrant workers was opened in Lituania at the Kalvarija border crossing post near the Lithuanian-Polish border.

    Portugal: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    The re-introduction of four holidays and the 35-hour week in the public sector; as well as job precariousness and unemployment, are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Portugal in the first quarter of 2016.

    Greece: Widespread protests at proposed social security and tax reforms

    There has been widespread opposition, including general strikes and mass demonstrations, to proposed reforms to the social security and taxation system. The reforms, unveiled in January 2016, were prompted by the need to comply with the terms of the most recent financial assistance programme

    Romania: Relaunch of the Economic and Social Council

    A new Government emergency ordinance is expected to re-launch the activity of the most important consultative tripartite body, the Economic and Social Council.

    United Kingdom: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

    The outcome of the referendum on EU membership, the immediate impact of the vote to leave, the social partners’ reaction and the steel industry crisis are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the UK in the first


    Blogs results (18)
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    Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power amo

    15 Junij 2022
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    In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

    28 Oktober 2020
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    The coronavirus disease (Covid-19) is having drastic consequences for the world of work. In most European countries workers who are not delivering essential ‘frontline’ services are being asked to stay home. Unfortunately many are out of work, while many of those who are not are minimum-wage and low

    1 April 2020
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    As one of their ‘100 days in office’ initiatives, the new European Commission intends to propose an initiative for an EU minimum wage. The aim is that by 2024 every worker in the EU should earn a fair and adequate wage, no matter where they live.

    15 Januar 2020
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    Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a p

    20 November 2019
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    The International Labour Organization (ILO) met for the first time 100 years ago, and right at the top of the agenda for discussion for this new specialised UN agency was the 8-hour working day. This discussion subsequently resulted in the Hours of Work (Industry) Convention, which stated that ‘The

    12 November 2019
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    The European Platform Tackling Undeclared Work last year documented the case of a Dutch temporary work agency that hired workers of various nationalities to work for a construction company in Belgium. The wages were suspiciously low, and the Belgian Labour Inspectorate believed that EU law guarantee

    17 Julij 2019
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    The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

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    Seniority entitlements have largely been on the decline since the 1990s, and have been gradually phased-out from legislation in Europe, as well as in collective agreements. However, it would be premature to dismiss seniority-based entitlements as a thing of the past, as they remain in force across E

    17 April 2019
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    In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Karel Fric and Camilla Galli da Bino look at the issue of discrimination against men in the workplace in Europe, and the current lack of research in this area.

    1 Maj 2018

    Upcoming publications results (8)

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

    July 2025

    This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

    March 2025

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

    December 2024

    This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

    November 2024

    This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in working life in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2023, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include the political context in 2023; updates on the social partners and social dialogue ins

    July 2024

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