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Dialog społeczny

Dialog społeczny można zdefiniować jako negocjacje, konsultacje, wspólne działania, dyskusje i wymianę informacji dotyczących pracodawców i pracowników. Dobrze funkcjonujący dialog społeczny jest kluczowym narzędziem kształtującym warunki pracy, obejmującym wiele podmiotów działających na różnych szczeblach. Zapewnia równowagę pomiędzy interesami pracowników i pracodawców, sprzyjając zarówno konkurencyjności gospodarczej, jak i spójności społecznej.

Prowadzone ostatnio na poziomie UE debaty polityczne uwydatniły fakt, że pojawienie się – zwłaszcza od czasu kryzysu w 2008 r. – nowych dyskusji na temat sprawiedliwości społecznej, demokracji, jakości pracy i nowych modeli stosunków pracy podważało tradycyjne funkcjonowanie systemów stosunków pracy i dialogu społecznego.

Trzydzieści lat po historycznej inauguracji europejskiego dialogu społecznego w Val Duchesse w Brukseli Komisja ponownie rozpoczęła proces dialogu społecznego, organizując 5 marca 2015 r. spotkanie na wysokim szczeblu, które zgromadziło przedstawicieli organizacji partnerów społecznych z całej Europy. Europejski dialog społeczny jest instrumentem polityki społecznej UE, włączonym bezpośrednio w proces kształtowania unijnego prawa pracy i polityk w tym obszarze.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Działalność Eurofound

Politycy potrzebują rzetelnych dowodów, aby zrozumieć zmiany zachodzące na rynku pracy i reagować na zmiany dynamiki stosunków pracy w Europie. Eurofound wykorzystuje dane i analizy przekazane przez sieć korespondentów z 28 państw członkowskich UE i Norwegii, aby uchwycić trendy i wzorce, a także wskazać przykłady dobrze funkcjonującego dialogu społecznego na poziomie europejskim i krajowym.

Badania prowadzone przez Eurofound dotyczą takich kwestii jak partycypacja pracownicza, negocjacje zbiorowe, reprezentacja pracowników i stosunki przemysłowe na wszystkich poziomach. W ich ramach przeanalizowano zmiany stosunków pracy pod wpływem rozwoju organizacji wielonarodowych. Ponadto Fundacja przyjmuje globalny punkt widzenia, porównując charakter stosunków pracy i wyniki gospodarcze w państwach spoza UE, takich jak Stany Zjednoczone i Japonia.

Kluczowy wkład

Zakres opracowań naukowych opublikowanych przez Eurofound jest bardzo rozległy i obejmuje okres ponad 40 lat. Przedstawiono w nich wiele zmieniających się aspektów dialogu społecznego prowadzonego w Europie na różnych poziomach: krajowym, europejskim i międzynarodowym.

W ostatnich latach Eurofound przeprowadził dogłębną analizę wielu kwestii znajdujących się w samym sercu dialogu społecznego, takich jak: 

Prowadzone przez Eurofound w kilku sektorach badania reprezentatywności, które rozpoczęto po uzyskaniu stosownego mandatu od Komisji w 2006 r., dostarczają podstawowych informacji, jakich wymaga ustanowienie i funkcjonowanie europejskich komitetów sektorowego dialogu społecznego.

Źródła

Europejski słownik stosunków pracy, opracowany w 2005 r. jako internetowe narzędzie dla decydentów i praktyków, jest skarbnicą informacji na temat zatrudnienia i stosunków pracy w UE. Krajowe profile życia zawodowego dostarczają cennych danych kontekstowych dotyczących struktur, instytucji i przepisów stanowiących podstawę życia zawodowego w poszczególnych państwach członkowskich UE-28 i w Norwegii, a także na poziomie całej UE.

Bazy danych na tematzbiorowych negocjacji płacowychoraz wynagrodzeń, czasu pracy i sporów zbiorowych mają dostarczać naukowcom i decydentom ilościowych i jakościowych danych ze wszystkich państw członkowskich i Norwegii od 2000 r. do chwili obecnej.

 

Key outputs

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W ostatnich latach, poza przypadkami okresowych wzrostów, widać było ogólny spadek akcji protestacyjnych w państwach członkowskich UE. Trend ten utrzymał się podczas pandemii COVID-19, przy czym najistotniejsze spory pracownicze miały...

7 luty 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marzec 2021
Publication
Other
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W ramach swojego mandatu obejmującego promowanie dialogu społecznego Eurofound od ponad 40 lat obserwuje i analizuje zmiany w systemach stosunków pracy na poziomie UE i w państwach członkowskich UE. Sprawozdanie...

11 Grudzień 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

The study looks at the articulation and the complex multi-level links between European and national levels of social dialogue. It examines the factors that facilitate as well as those that hinder the successful engagement of national social partners and their ability to promote their own interests

13 July 2018

The latest European Semester cycle, covering the period 2016–2017, has highlighted a range of issues regarding the quality of involvement by the social partners in the elaboration of the 2017 National Reform Programme (NRP), as well as in the implementation of the country-specific recommendations

06 March 2018

Eurofound’s 2016 report Mapping key dimensions of industrial relations identified four key dimensions of industrial relations: industrial democracy, industrial competitiveness, social justice, and quality of work and employment. This report builds upon that earlier study, developing a dashboard of

29 January 2018

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for central government administration. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national

17 November 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the tanning and leather sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in

07 November 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the footwear industry. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected

19 October 2017

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the EU and Norway.

25 September 2017

Innovation is an important driver of improved competitiveness, productivity and growth potential. This report explores which workplace practices have the strongest links to innovative company behaviour, looking at innovation in the form of new or significantly changed products or processes, new or

22 June 2017

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in railways and urban public transport. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

03 April 2017

This report provides an update on the role of national social partners in the European Semester process over the period 2015–2016, describing the main developments and changes compared with a previous Eurofound study on their involvement during the period 2011–2014.

24 February 2017

Online resources results (435)

New proposals on the prevention and resolution of industrial disputes

France's Economic and Social Council (Conseil Economique et Social, CES), a kind of consultative parliament, is comprised of representatives of employers' organisations, trade union organisations deemed representative at national level, representatives of various social groups and leading figures

Small companies resist collective agreements

Collective agreements are very important as instruments for the regulation of working life in Sweden, both with regard to their content and to their coverage.

Report assesses July 1993 tripartite agreement

The study committee set up to assess Italy's major tripartite central agreement of 23 July 1993 - which covers incomes policy and collective bargaining structure - submitted its final report to the Government in December 1997, with some proposals for change.

Local bargaining on flexible hours increasing

Local agreements on working time are on the increase in Finland, as market forces put severe pressure on the social partners to decentralise the negotiation mechanism. This article reviews the situation in early 1998.

New report on social partnership

In the past decade, Ireland has developed a system of social participation which plays a major role in the conduct of economic and social policy. This approach began in 1987, with a three-year agreement [1] between the Government, the trade union movement, employers and agricultural interests. This

Distribution option for pay rises proves popular

On 20 October 1997 wage and salary collective agreements for industrial enterprises in the metalworking sector were concluded, which became effective from 1 November 1997 (AT9710138N [1]). They were negotiated by the Industry Federal Section of the Austrian Chamber of the Economy (Wirtschaftskammer

Second incomes policy agreement for employment is signed

In December 1997, the Finnish social partners signed an incomes policy agreement for the period from January 1998 to January 2000. The agreement - which is probably one of the most comprehensive in Finnish history, covering over 98% of wage-earners - provides for pay increases which will raise

Clash over 35-hour week in Greece

In December 1996, a committee consisting of experts from Greek trade unions and employers' organisations was set up to discuss the effects of reducing working time to 35 hours a week. However, on completion of its task in October 1997, it had become clear that the differences between the two sides

Sunday work - recent debates and developments

Work on Sunday is in principle prohibited in Austria. However, the law permits exemptions to be made by the Minister of Labour and Social Affairs for basic necessities or for economic or technological reasons, and by the heads of provincial governments for exceptional regional supply purposes. New

Unions set agendas for collective bargaining in 1998

Spain's UGT and CC.OO trade union confederations want to put employment at the top of their collective bargaining agenda in 1998. Job creation and promoting secure employment are the main demands.


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Listopad 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Czerwiec 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Październik 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Marzec 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Październik 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 Kwiecień 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

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