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Socialni dialog

Socialni dialog je mogoče opredeliti kot pogajanja, posvetovanja, skupne ukrepe, razprave in izmenjavo informacij, pri katerih sodelujejo delodajalci in delavci. Učinkovit socialni dialog je ključno orodje za oblikovanje delovnih pogojev, vanj pa so vključeni najrazličnejši akterji na različnih ravneh. Uravnoveša interese zaposlenih in delodajalcev ter prispeva h gospodarski konkurenčnosti in socialni koheziji.

V nedavnih političnih razpravah na ravni EU je bilo poudarjeno, da so se zlasti po krizi leta 2008 začele nove razprave o socialni pravičnosti, demokraciji, kakovosti dela ter novih modelih odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci, ki postavljajo pred preizkušnjo tradicionalne vrste teh odnosov in sistemov socialnega dialoga.

Komisija je trideset let po zgodovinskem začetku evropskega socialnega dialoga v dvorcu Val Duchesse v Bruslju ponovno začela postopek novega začetka za socialni dialog na dogodku na visoki ravni, na katerem so se 5. marca 2015 zbrale organizacije socialnih partnerjev iz vse Evrope. Evropski socialni dialog je instrument socialne politike EU, ki neposredno prispeva k oblikovanju delovne zakonodaje in politik EU.

Topic

Recent updates

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French presidency 2022: Eurofound's contribution

From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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Spanish presidency 2023: Eurofound's contribution

From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Eurofoundovo delo

Oblikovalci politik potrebujejo trdne dokaze, da bi lahko razumeli spremembe, ki se dogajajo na trgu dela, in se odzivali na spreminjajočo se dinamiko odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci v Evropi. Eurofound uporablja podatke in analize, ki jih zagotavlja mreža korespondentov iz 28 držav članic EU in Norveške, za opredelitev teženj in vzorcev ter ozaveščanje o primerih učinkovitega socialnega dialoga na evropski in nacionalni ravni.

V Eurofoundovih raziskavah se preučujejo vidiki, kot so sodelovanje delavcev, kolektivna pogajanja, zastopanje zaposlenih ter odnosi med delodajalci in delojemalci na vseh ravneh. Obravnava se tudi, koliko so se morali odnosi med delodajalci in delojemalci prilagoditi pojavu večnacionalnih podjetij. V raziskavah je poleg tega upoštevan svetovni vidik, pri čemer se primerjajo odnosi med delodajalci in delojemalci ter gospodarski učinki zunaj EU, na primer v ZDA in na Japonskem.

Ključni prispevki

Eurofound je v več kot 40 letih delovanja opravil veliko dela, v okviru katerega je preučeval številne, spreminjajoče se vidike socialnega dialoga v Evropi na različnih ravneh: na ravni podjetja ter nacionalni, evropski in mednarodni ravni.

V zadnjih letih je opravil poglobljene analize o različnih vprašanjih, ki so v središču socialnega dialoga, kot so: 

Eurofoundove študije reprezentativnosti, ki so bile na podlagi mandata Komisije opravljene leta 2006 v več gospodarskih panogah, zagotavljajo osnovne informacije, potrebne za vzpostavitev in delovanje evropskih odborov za panožni socialni dialog.

Viri

Evropski slovar odnosov med delodajalci in delojemalci, ki je bil pripravljen leta 2005 kot spletno referenčno orodje za oblikovalce politik in strokovne delavce, je dragocena zakladnica informacij o zaposlovanju ter odnosih med delodajalci in delojemalci v EU. Pregled delovnega življenja po posameznih državah podaja pomembne spremne informacije o sestavah, institucijah in predpisih, na katerih temelji delovno življenje v državah članicah EU-28 in na Norveškem ter na ravni EU.

Namen podatkovnih zbirk o kolektivnih pogajanjih o plačah ter plačah, delovnem času in kolektivnih sporih je raziskovalcem in oblikovalcem politik zagotoviti kvantitativne in kvalitativne informacije o teh temah za vse države članice in Norveško od leta 2000 do zdaj.

Key outputs

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Kolektivni delovni spori v EU

Z izjemo nekaj nenadnih povečanj je v zadnjih letih sindikalno ukrepanje v državah članicah na splošno upadlo. Med pandemijo covida-19 se je ta trend nadaljeval, pri čemer ne preseneča, da...

7 Februar 2022
Publication
Research report
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Working life in the COVID-19 pandemic 2020

This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Marec 2021
Publication
Other

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras

Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
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Mária Sedláková

Mária Sedláková is a research officer in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is responsible for drafting overview reports for sectoral representativeness studies, management...

Research officer,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Exploring the connections between EU- and national-level social dialogue

The study looks at the articulation and the complex multi-level links between European and national levels of social dialogue. It examines the factors that facilitate as well as those that hinder the successful engagement of national social partners and their ability to promote their own interests

13 July 2018
Publication
Research report
Social partners
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Involvement of the national social partners in the European Semester 2017: Social dialogue practices

The latest European Semester cycle, covering the period 2016–2017, has highlighted a range of issues regarding the quality of involvement by the social partners in the elaboration of the 2017 National Reform Programme (NRP), as well as in the implementation of the country-specific recommendations

06 March 2018
Publication
Research report
Social partners
Social dialogue
Social policies
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Mapping varieties of industrial relations: Eurofound’s analytical framework applied

Eurofound’s 2016 report Mapping key dimensions of industrial relations identified four key dimensions of industrial relations: industrial democracy, industrial competitiveness, social justice, and quality of work and employment. This report builds upon that earlier study, developing a dashboard of

29 January 2018
Publication
Research report
Social dialogue
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Central government administration

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for central government administration. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national

17 November 2017
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social partners
Social dialogue
Public services
Collective bargaining
Living conditions and quality of life
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Tanning and leather industry

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the tanning and leather sector. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in

07 November 2017
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social partners
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Footwear sector

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in the footwear industry. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in selected

19 October 2017
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social partners
Social dialogue
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Developments in working life in Europe: EurWORK annual review 2016

Developments in Working Life in Europe is part of a series of annual reviews published by Eurofound and provides an overview of the latest developments in industrial relations and working conditions across the EU and Norway.

25 September 2017
Publication
Research report
Social dialogue
Social partners
Pay and income
Work-life balance
Health and well-being at work
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Innovative changes in European companies

Innovation is an important driver of improved competitiveness, productivity and growth potential. This report explores which workplace practices have the strongest links to innovative company behaviour, looking at innovation in the form of new or significantly changed products or processes, new or

22 June 2017
Publication
Research report
Health and well-being at work
Trust
Social dialogue
Participation at work
Working time
Work organisation
Innovation
Employment and labour markets
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Railways and urban public transport

This study provides information designed to encourage sectoral social dialogue in railways and urban public transport. The aim of Eurofound’s series of studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and supranational social partner organisations in the field of industrial

03 April 2017
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social partners
Social dialogue
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Involvement of the social partners in the European Semester: 2016 update

This report provides an update on the role of national social partners in the European Semester process over the period 2015–2016, describing the main developments and changes compared with a previous Eurofound study on their involvement during the period 2011–2014.

24 February 2017
Publication
Research report
Social partners
Social dialogue
Social policies
Industrial relations
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Online resources results (435)

Poland: Latest working life developments – Q3 2016

A protest in the public healthcare system, discontent in the education sector, significant legislative initiatives and support for a ban on Sunday shop opening are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Poland in the

19 Oktober 2016
Article
Labour law
Minimum wage
Pay and income
Working time
Industrial action
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Industrial relations
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Greece: Public opinion and social dialogue on labour market reforms

Ahead of further negotiations on the terms of the Greek bailout, two recent surveys are directly linked to the issues under negotiation and reflect the views of public opinion. The government has also organised tripartite meetings with social partners in an attempt to seek mutually acceptable

14 September 2016
Article
Minimum wage
Collective bargaining
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Industrial relations
Labour and social regulation
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Finland: Tripartite Competitiveness Pact signed

The ‘Competitiveness Pact’, a tripartite labour market agreement, was signed in June 2016 after over a year of difficult negotiations. The Pact involves a nationally and internationally exceptional deterioration of workers’ terms and conditions. The negotiation process had disruptive repercussions

2 September 2016
Article
Employment and labour markets
Industrial relations
Pay and income
Social dialogue
Social partners
Working conditions
Working time
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Denmark: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The debate on EU membership sparked by the Brexit referendum, the current state of tripartite negotiations on the integration of refugees and an occupational health and safety case at Siemens Wind Power are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest

22 Avgust 2016
Article
Health and well-being at work
Migration and mobility
Skills and training
Labour market policies
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Industrial relations
Labour and social regulation
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Slovenia: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Deterioration of social dialogue, discontent among public sector workers after the police wage increase, small wins for workers and vocational education and training priorities are among the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working

17 Avgust 2016
Article
Skills and training
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Industrial relations
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

EU Level: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The latest Country Specific Recommendations for Member States, the recent EU-level boost for social dialogue, the latest developments on the revision of the Posting of Workers Directive and recent migration initiatives are among the main topics of interest in this article. This update reports on the

12 Avgust 2016
Article
Fraudulent work
Industrial relations
Employment and labour markets
Labour and social regulation
Migration and mobility
Posted workers
Living conditions and quality of life
Skills and training
Social dialogue
Social policies
Working conditions
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Lithuania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

The debate on the controversial new Labour Code, the opening of an information centre for posted and migrant workers, and the rise in the minimum monthly wage are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Lithuania in the

9 Avgust 2016
Article
Migration and mobility
Minimum wage
Posted workers
Working time
Social dialogue
Labour law
Working conditions
Employment and labour markets
Industrial relations
Labour and social regulation
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Romania: Relaunch of the Economic and Social Council

A new Government emergency ordinance is expected to re-launch the activity of the most important consultative tripartite body, the Economic and Social Council.

5 Avgust 2016
Article
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Industrial relations
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

France: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Adoption of the new labour code, the failure of collective bargaining on unemployment schemes and a study on the negative impact of night work are among the main points of interest of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in France in the second quarter

3 Avgust 2016
Article
Health and well-being at work
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
Industrial action
Social partners
Working conditions
Industrial relations
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue

Romania: Latest working life developments – Q2 2016

Opposition to new measures to reduce public sector wage inequality, a fresh start for the Social and Economic Council, and new measures to reconcile family and working life are the main topics of interest of this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in Romanian working

3 Avgust 2016
Article
Industrial action
Industrial relations
Employment and labour markets
Labour and social regulation
Leave
Pay and income
Living conditions and quality of life
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Blogs results (6)

Healthy social dialogue for a healthy healthcare sector

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 November 2023
Jorge Cabrita
Blog
Working conditions and sustainable work
Job quality
Health and well-being at work
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
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Minimum wages rise again, but the pandemic puts a brake on their growth

Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junij 2021
Carlos Vacas‑Soriano
Blog
Social dialogue
Pay and income
Working poor
Minimum wage
European Pillar of Social Rights
Labour market policies
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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New impetus to collective bargaining: Insights from the ECS

In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers (i

28 Oktober 2020
Christine Aumayr-Pintar
Blog
Social dialogue
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations
Minimum wage
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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Industrial democracy still in vogue

The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to asse

28 Marec 2018
Christian Welz
Blog
Industrial relations
Job quality
Social dialogue
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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Trust and dialogue are the secrets to business success in times of crisis

Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at compan

3 Oktober 2016
Stavroula Demetriades
Blog
Industrial relations
Innovation
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Social dialogue
Working conditions
Working conditions and sustainable work
Industrial relations and social dialogue
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From Val Duchesse to Riga: how to relaunch social dialogue?

The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue w

20 April 2015
Christian Welz
Blog
Social dialogue
Social partners
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Upcoming publications results (7)

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Graphical sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

July 2025
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

National social dialogue addressing the twin transition

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Digitalisation
European Green Deal
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations
Social dialogue
Social partners

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Extractive industries sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Construction sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Chemical sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Road transport sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

December 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

Representativeness of the European social partner organisations: Postal and courier activities sector

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Representativeness
Social dialogue
Social partners
Collective bargaining
Industrial relations and social dialogue
Industrial relations

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